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IUCrData Dec 2022The reaction of (η:η-2,3,4,5-tetra-methyl-penta-fulvene)tantalum(V) dicarbazolide chloride () with etheric HCl results in the formation of the title compound (),...
The reaction of (η:η-2,3,4,5-tetra-methyl-penta-fulvene)tantalum(V) dicarbazolide chloride () with etheric HCl results in the formation of the title compound (), [Ta(CH)(CHN)Cl]. The Ta atom has a distorted tetra-hedral coordination environment in a three-legged piano-stool fashion. The conformation of the penta-fulvene exocyclic C atom to the three other ligands is staggered and not eclipsed, as found in the crystal structure of . Inter-molecular inter-actions include π-π stacking, H⋯π inter-actions and weak C-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds.
PubMed: 36628193
DOI: 10.1107/S2414314622012019 -
Genes Jul 2023Salt and osmotic stress seriously restrict the growth, development, and productivity of horticultural crops in the greenhouse. The papain-like cysteine proteases (PLCPs)...
Salt and osmotic stress seriously restrict the growth, development, and productivity of horticultural crops in the greenhouse. The papain-like cysteine proteases (PLCPs) participate in multi-stress responses in plants. We previously demonstrated that salt and osmotic stress affect cysteine protease 15 of pepper ( L.) (); however, the role of in salt and osmotic stress responses is unknown. Here, the function of in regulating pepper salt and osmotic stress resistance was explored. Pepper plants were subjected to abiotic (sodium chloride, mannitol, salicylic acid, ethrel, methyl jasmonate, etc.) and biotic stress ( inoculation). The was silenced through the virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and transiently overexpressed in pepper plants. The full-length fragment is 1568 bp, with an open reading frame of 1032 bp, encoding a 343 amino acid protein. CaCP15 is a senescence-associated gene 12 (SAG12) subfamily member containing two highly conserved domains, Inhibitor 129 and Peptidase_C1. expression was the highest in the stems of pepper plants. The expression was induced by salicylic acid, ethrel, methyl jasmonate, and was infected by inoculation. Furthermore, was upregulated under salt and osmotic stress, and silencing in pepper enhanced salt and mannitol stress resistance. Conversely, transient overexpression of increased the sensitivity to salt and osmotic stress by reducing the antioxidant enzyme activities and negatively regulating the stress-related genes. This study indicates that negatively regulates salt and osmotic stress resistance in pepper via the ROS-scavenging.
Topics: Osmoregulation; Sodium Chloride; Capsicum; Antioxidants; Salicylic Acid; Mannitol
PubMed: 37510313
DOI: 10.3390/genes14071409 -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2022Spherical or discoidal lipid polymer nanostructures bearing cationic charges successfully adsorb a variety of oppositely charged antigens (Ag) such as proteins,...
Spherical or discoidal lipid polymer nanostructures bearing cationic charges successfully adsorb a variety of oppositely charged antigens (Ag) such as proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, or oligonucleotides. This report provides instructions for the preparation and physical characterization of four different cationic nanostructures able to combine and deliver antigens to the immune system: (1) dioctadecyl dimethylammonium bromide (DODAB) bilayer fragments (DODAB BF); (2) polystyrene sulfate (PSS) nanoparticles (NPs) covered with one cationic dioctadecyl dimethylammonium bromide bilayer (DODAB) named (PSS/DODAB); (3) cationic NPs of biocompatible polymer poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) prepared by emulsion polymerization of the methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer in the presence of DODAB BF (PMMA/DODAB NPs); (4) antigen NPs (NPs) where the cationic polymer poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) (PDDA) directly combined at nontoxic and low dose with the antigen (Ag); when the oppositely charged model antigen is ovalbumin (OVA), NPs are named PDDA/OVA. These nanostructures provide adequate microenvironments for carrying and delivering antigens to the antigen-presenting cells of the immune system.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic; Cations; Nanoparticles; Ovalbumin; Polymers; Polymethyl Methacrylate; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Vaccines
PubMed: 34918247
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1892-9_10 -
Acta Crystallographica. Section E,... Apr 2023Duloxetine hydro-chloride (trade name Cymbalta) is marketed as a single enanti-omer ()--methyl-3-(naphthalen-1-yl-oxy)-3-(thio-phen-2-yl)propyl-am-in-ium chloride,...
Duloxetine hydro-chloride (trade name Cymbalta) is marketed as a single enanti-omer ()--methyl-3-(naphthalen-1-yl-oxy)-3-(thio-phen-2-yl)propyl-am-in-ium chloride, CHNOS·Cl, which is twice as effective as the ()-enanti-omer in serotonin uptake. Here, we report the crystal structure of duloxetine hydro-chloride in its racemic form (space group 2), where it shows significant differences in the mol-ecular conformation and packing in its extended structure compared to the previously reported ()-enanti-omer crystal structure. Mol-ecules of this type, comprising aromatic groups with a single side chain terminated in a protonated secondary amine, are commonly found in active anti-depressants. A Cambridge Structural Database survey of mol-ecules with these features reveals a strong correlation between side-chain conformation and the crystal packing: an extended side chain leads to mol-ecules packed into separated layers of hydro-phobic and ionic hydro-philic phases. By comparison, mol-ecules with bent side chains, such as racemic duloxetine hydro-chloride, lead to crystal-packing motifs where an ionic hydro-philic phase is encapsulated within a hydro-phobic shell.
PubMed: 37151834
DOI: 10.1107/S2056989023003353 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Dec 2023Ionic liquids (ILs) are generally considered eco-friendly alternatives to conventional industrial solvents, but they are hard to degrade and easily accumulate in the...
Ionic liquids (ILs) are generally considered eco-friendly alternatives to conventional industrial solvents, but they are hard to degrade and easily accumulate in the environment. Therefore, their long-term toxicities are especially vital to estimate their potential risk. However, the chronic toxicities of ILs over generations lacked intensive investigation. In the present work, acute toxicity and chronic toxicity of 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium chloride ([Omim]Cl) and 1-dodecylpyridinium chloride ([DPy]Cl) were studied on Moina macrocopa with the first exposed generation (F0) and two successive recovery generation (F1 to F2). The acute results showed that both [Omim]Cl and [DPy]Cl exhibited high toxicity to M. macrocopa. The chronic results indicated that the exposure of [Omim]Cl and [DPy]Cl could inhibit the survivorship, body length, and reproduction of M. macrocopa and exhibited a significant dose-related decrease. Furthermore, these two types of ILs presented intergenerational toxicity in the water flea. And the toxic effects of [Omim]Cl disappeared in the recovery tests of F2 generation, while the [DPy]Cl toxic effects continued. Our research suggested a potential risk for the aquatic ecosystem induced by ILs. And the damage done by these chemicals to the aquatic environment is worthy of attention.
Topics: Animals; Cladocera; Ecosystem; Ionic Liquids
PubMed: 37953428
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30928-4 -
American Journal of Physiology. Renal... Dec 2020Similar to other organs, renal lymphatics remove excess fluid, solutes, and macromolecules from the renal interstitium. Given the kidney's unique role in maintaining...
Similar to other organs, renal lymphatics remove excess fluid, solutes, and macromolecules from the renal interstitium. Given the kidney's unique role in maintaining body fluid homeostasis, renal lymphatics may be critical in this process. However, little is known regarding the pathways involved in renal lymphatic vessel function, and there are no studies on the effects of drugs targeting impaired interstitial clearance, such as diuretics. Using pressure myography, we showed that renal lymphatic collecting vessels are sensitive to changes in transmural pressure and have an optimal range of effective pumping. In addition, they are responsive to vasoactive factors known to regulate tone in other lymphatic vessels including prostaglandin E and nitric oxide, and their spontaneous contractility requires Ca and Cl. We also demonstrated that Na-K-2Cl cotransporter Nkcc1, but not Nkcc2, is expressed in extrarenal lymphatic vessels. Furosemide, a loop diuretic that inhibits Na-K-2Cl cotransporters, induced a dose-dependent dilation in lymphatic vessels and decreased the magnitude and frequency of spontaneous contractions, thereby reducing the ability of these vessels to propel lymph. Ethacrynic acid, another loop diuretic, had no effect on vessel tone. These data represent a significant step forward in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying renal lymphatic vessel function and highlight potential off-target effects of furosemide that may exacerbate fluid accumulation in edema-forming conditions.
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Chlorides; Furosemide; Kidney; Lymphatic Vessels; Male; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; Nitric Oxide; Pressure; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors
PubMed: 33103446
DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00322.2020 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2022In recent years, personal care products (PCPs) have surfaced as a novel class of pollutants due to their release into wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and receiving... (Review)
Review
In recent years, personal care products (PCPs) have surfaced as a novel class of pollutants due to their release into wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and receiving environments by sewage effluent and biosolid-augmentation soil, which poses potential risks to non-target organisms. Among PCPs, there are preservatives that are added to cosmetics for protection against microbial spoilage. This paper presents a review of the occurrence in different environmental matrices, toxicological effects, and mechanisms of microbial degradation of four selected preservatives (triclocarban, chloroxylenol, methylisothiazolinone, and benzalkonium chloride). Due to the insufficient removal from WWTPs, cosmetic preservatives have been widely detected in aquatic environments and sewage sludge at concentrations mainly below tens of µg L. These compounds are toxic to aquatic organisms, such as fish, algae, daphnids, and rotifers, as well as terrestrial organisms. A summary of the mechanisms of preservative biodegradation by micro-organisms and analysis of emerging intermediates is also provided. Formed metabolites are often characterized by lower toxicity compared to the parent compounds. Further studies are needed for an evaluation of environmental concentrations of preservatives in diverse matrices and toxicity to more species of aquatic and terrestrial organisms, and for an understanding of the mechanisms of microbial degradation. The research should focus on chloroxylenol and methylisothiazolinone because these compounds are the least understood.
Topics: Animals; Sewage; Preservatives, Pharmaceutical; Cosmetics
PubMed: 36430973
DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214495 -
Biosensors Aug 2021This review summarizes and compares the available surface treatment and bonding techniques (e.g., corona triggered surface activation, oxygen plasma surface activation,... (Review)
Review
This review summarizes and compares the available surface treatment and bonding techniques (e.g., corona triggered surface activation, oxygen plasma surface activation, chemical gluing, and mixed techniques) and quality/bond-strength testing methods (e.g., pulling test, shear test, peel test, leakage test) for bonding PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) with other materials, such as PDMS, glass, silicon, PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PI (polyimide), PMMA (poly(methyl methacrylate)), PVC (polyvinyl chloride), PC (polycarbonate), COC (cyclic olefin copolymer), PS (polystyrene) and PEN (polyethylene naphthalate). The optimized process parameters for the best achievable bond strengths are collected for each substrate, and the advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed in detail.
Topics: Cycloparaffins; Dimethylpolysiloxanes; Microfluidic Analytical Techniques; Microfluidics; Polycarboxylate Cement; Polymers; Polymethyl Methacrylate; Silicon; Surface Properties; Temperature
PubMed: 34436094
DOI: 10.3390/bios11080292 -
Neurobiology of Pain (Cambridge, Mass.) 2022Migraine results in an enormous burden on individuals and societies due to its high prevalence, significant disability, and considerable economic costs. Current...
Migraine results in an enormous burden on individuals and societies due to its high prevalence, significant disability, and considerable economic costs. Current treatment options for migraine remain inadequate, and the development of novel therapies is severely hindered by the incomplete understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the pain. The sensory innervation of the cranial meninges is now considered a key player in migraine headache genesis. Recent studies have significantly advanced our understanding of some of the processes that drive meningeal nociceptive neurons, which may be targeted therapeutically to abort or prevent migraine pain. In this review we will summarize our current understanding of the mechanisms that contribute to the genesis of the headache in one migraine subtype - migraine with aura. We will focus on animal studies that address the notion that cortical spreading depression is a critical process that drives meningeal nociception in migraine with aura, and discuss recent insights into some of the proposed underlying mechanisms.
PubMed: 35518782
DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2022.100091 -
Environmental Science & Technology Oct 2020Methyl chloride (CHCl) and methyl bromide (CHBr) are the predominant carriers of natural chlorine and bromine from the troposphere to the stratosphere, which can...
Methyl chloride (CHCl) and methyl bromide (CHBr) are the predominant carriers of natural chlorine and bromine from the troposphere to the stratosphere, which can catalyze the destruction of stratospheric ozone. Here, penguin colony soils (PCS) and the adjacent tundra soils (i.e., penguin-lacking colony soils, PLS), seal colony soils (SCS), tundra marsh soils (TMS), and normal upland tundra soils (UTS) in coastal Antarctica were collected and incubated for the first time to confirm that these soils were CHCl and CHBr sources or sinks. Overall, tundra soil acted as a net sink for CHCl and CHBr with potential flux ranges from -18.1 to -2.8 pmol g d and -1.32 to -0.24 pmol g d, respectively. The deposition of penguin guano or seal excrement into tundra soils facilitated the simultaneous production of CHCl and CHBr and resulted in a smaller sink in PCS, SCS, and PLS. Laboratory-based thermal treatments and anaerobic incubation experiments suggested that the consumption of CHCl and CHBr was predominantly mediated by microbes while the production was abiotic and O independent. Temperature gradient incubations revealed that increasing soil temperature promoted the consumption of CHCl and CHBr in UTS, suggesting that the regional sink may increase with Antarctic warming, depending on changes in soil moisture and abiotic production rates.
Topics: Animals; Antarctic Regions; Hydrocarbons, Brominated; Methyl Chloride; Soil; Tundra
PubMed: 32935983
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c04257