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International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2019The main phospholipid (MPL) of DSM 1728 was isolated, purified and physico-chemically characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)/differential thermal... (Review)
Review
The main phospholipid (MPL) of DSM 1728 was isolated, purified and physico-chemically characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)/differential thermal analysis (DTA) for its thermotropic behavior, alone and in mixtures with other lipids, cholesterol, hydrophobic peptides and pore-forming ionophores. Model membranes from MPL were investigated; black lipid membrane, Langmuir-Blodgett monolayer, and liposomes. Laboratory results were compared to computer simulation. MPL forms stable and resistant liposomes with highly proton-impermeable membrane and mixes at certain degree with common bilayer-forming lipids. Monomeric bacteriorhodopsin and ATP synthase from were co-reconstituted and light-driven ATP synthesis measured. This review reports about almost four decades of research on membrane and its MPL as well as transfer of this research to species recently isolated from Indonesian volcanoes.
Topics: Archaeal Proteins; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; Computer Simulation; Differential Thermal Analysis; Glycosylation; Liposomes; Phospholipids; Thermoplasma
PubMed: 31640225
DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205217 -
Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland) 2024Darier disease is a rare inherited disease with dominant skin manifestations including keratotic papules and plaques on sebaceous and flexural areas. Secondary infection...
INTRODUCTION
Darier disease is a rare inherited disease with dominant skin manifestations including keratotic papules and plaques on sebaceous and flexural areas. Secondary infection of skin lesions is common, and Staphylococcus aureus commonly colonizes these lesions. The aim of the study was to characterize the bacterial microbiome of cutaneous Darier lesions compared to normal-looking skin and disease severity.
METHODS
All patients with a history of Darier followed up at Emek Medical Center were invited to participate in the study. Patients that did not use antibiotics in the past month and signed informed consent had four skin sites sampled with swabs: scalp, chest, axilla, and palm. All samples were analyzed for bacterial microbiome using 16S rDNA sequencing.
RESULTS
Two hundred and eighty microbiome samples obtained from lesional and non-lesional skin of the scalp, chest, axilla, and palm of 42 Darier patients were included in the analysis. The most abundant bacterial genera across all skin sites were Propionibacterium, Corynebacterium, Paracoccus, Micrococcus, and Anaerococcus. Scalp and chest lesions featured a distinct microbiome configuration that was mainly driven by an overabundance of Staphylococci species. Patients with more severe disease exhibited microbiome alterations in the chest, axilla, and palm compared with patients with only mild disease, driven by Peptoniphilus and Moryella genera in scalp and palmar lesions, respectively.
CONCLUSION
Staphylococci were significantly associated with Darier lesions and drove Darier-associated dysbiosis. Severity of the disease was associated with two other bacterial genera. Whether these associations also hold a causative role and may serve as a therapeutic target remains to be determined and requires further investigation.
Topics: Humans; Darier Disease; Male; Female; Dysbiosis; Adult; Middle Aged; Microbiota; Axilla; Skin; Corynebacterium; Young Adult; Propionibacterium; Micrococcus; Severity of Illness Index; Hand; Thorax; Scalp; Aged; Adolescent
PubMed: 38330926
DOI: 10.1159/000537714 -
Marine Drugs Sep 2019Haloarchaea are halophilic microorganisms belonging to the archaea domain that inhabit salty environments (mainly soils and water) all over the world. Most of the genera... (Review)
Review
Haloarchaea are halophilic microorganisms belonging to the archaea domain that inhabit salty environments (mainly soils and water) all over the world. Most of the genera included in this group can produce carotenoids at significant concentrations (even wild-type strains). The major carotenoid produced by the cells is bacterioruberin (and its derivatives), which is only produced by this kind of microbes and few bacteria, like . Nevertheless, the understanding of carotenoid metabolism in haloarchaea, its regulation, and the roles of carotenoid derivatives in this group of extreme microorganisms remains mostly unrevealed. Besides, potential biotechnological uses of haloarchaeal pigments are poorly explored. This work summarises what it has been described so far about carotenoids from haloarchaea and their production at mid- and large-scale, paying special attention to the most recent findings on the potential uses of haloarchaeal pigments in biomedicine.
Topics: Animals; Archaea; Bacteria; Biotechnology; Carotenoids; Extreme Environments; Humans; Pigmentation
PubMed: 31500208
DOI: 10.3390/md17090524 -
Journal of the American Chemical Society Sep 2020Lankacidins are a class of polyketide natural products isolated from that show promising antimicrobial activity. Owing to their complex molecular architectures and...
Lankacidins are a class of polyketide natural products isolated from that show promising antimicrobial activity. Owing to their complex molecular architectures and chemical instability, structural assignment and derivatization of lankacidins are challenging tasks. Herein we describe three fully synthetic approaches to lankacidins that enable access to new structural variability within the class. We use these routes to systematically generate stereochemical derivatives of both cyclic and acyclic lankacidins. Additionally, we access a new series of lankacidins bearing a methyl group at the C4 position, a modification intended to increase chemical stability. In the course of this work, we discovered that the reported structures for two natural products of the lankacidin class were incorrect, and we determine the correct structures of 2,18--lankacidinol B and -lankacidinol. We also evaluate the ability of several - and -lankacidins to inhibit the growth of bacteria and to inhibit translation in vitro. This work grants insight into the rich chemical complexity of this class of antibiotics and provides an avenue for further structural derivatization.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus subtilis; Crystallography, X-Ray; Macrolides; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Micrococcus; Models, Molecular; Molecular Structure; Staphylococcus aureus; Stereoisomerism; Streptomyces
PubMed: 32786797
DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06648 -
Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex... Jan 2021A wider characterization of indoor air quality during sleep is still lacking in the literature. This study intends to assess bioburden before and after sleeping periods...
A wider characterization of indoor air quality during sleep is still lacking in the literature. This study intends to assess bioburden before and after sleeping periods in Portuguese dwellings through active methods (air sampling) coupled with passive methods, such as electrostatic dust cloths (EDC); and investigate associations between before and after sleeping and bioburden. In addition, and driven by the lack of information regarding fungi azole-resistance in Portuguese dwellings, a screening with supplemented media was also performed. The most prevalent genera of airborne bacteria identified in the indoor air of the bedrooms were Micrococcus (41%), Staphylococcus (15%) and Neisseria (9%). The major indoor bacterial species isolated in all ten studied bedrooms were Micrococcus luteus (30%), Staphylococcus aureus (13%) and Micrococcus varians (11%). Our results highlight that our bodies are the source of the majority of the bacteria found in the indoor air of our homes. Regarding air fungal contamination, Chrysosporium spp. presented the highest prevalence both in after the sleeping period (40.8%) and before the sleeping period (28.8%) followed by Penicillium spp. (23.47% morning; 23.6% night) and Chrysonilia spp. (12.4% morning; 20.3% night). Several Aspergillus sections were identified in air and EDC samples. However, none of the fungal species/strains (Aspergillus sections Fumigati, Flavi, Nidulantes and Circumdati) were amplified by qPCR in the analyzed EDC. The correlations observed suggest reduced susceptibility to antifungal drugs of some fungal species found in sleeping environments. Toxigenic fungal species and indicators of harmful fungal contamination were observed in sleeping environments.
PubMed: 33465652
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116417 -
Rhode Island Medical Journal (2013) Feb 2024Peritonitis, a serious complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD), can be caused by opportunistic pathogens like Micrococcus species on rare occasions. We present a case...
Peritonitis, a serious complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD), can be caused by opportunistic pathogens like Micrococcus species on rare occasions. We present a case of Micrococcus sp peritonitis in a 55-year-old female with end-stage kidney disease on continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis for one year who presented with cloudy effluent. Initial treatment against Micrococcus sp with vancomycin, gentamicin, and prophylactic oral nystatin was successful. However, one month later, the patient presented with abdominal pain and dialysate culture again grew Micrococcus sp. Treatment with vancomycin was unsuccessful in resolving culture positivity. The patient was transitioned to hemodialysis for non-medical reasons and then was later restarted on PD without further peritonitis episodes. Micrococcus sp peritonitis in PD poses treatment challenges due to limited guidelines. Intraperitoneal vancomycin is commonly used to target Micrococcus isolates although there is a high incidence of treatment failure. This case report highlights the need for continued reporting to enhance identification, prevention, and patient outcomes in Micrococcus sp peritonitis during PD.
Topics: Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Vancomycin; Micrococcus; Peritoneal Dialysis; Peritonitis; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 38285745
DOI: No ID Found -
Chemosphere Oct 2022Indiscriminate usage, disposal and recalcitrance of petroleum-based plastics have led to its accumulation leaving a negative impact on the environment. Bioplastics,... (Review)
Review
Indiscriminate usage, disposal and recalcitrance of petroleum-based plastics have led to its accumulation leaving a negative impact on the environment. Bioplastics, particularly microbial bioplastics serve as an ecologically sustainable solution to nullify the negative impacts of plastics. Microbial production of biopolymers like Polyhydroxyalkanoates, Polyhydroxybutyrates and Polylactic acid using renewable feedstocks as well as industrial wastes have gained momentum in the recent years. The current study outlays types of bioplastics, their microbial sources and applications in various fields. Scientific evidence on bioplastics has suggested a unique range of applications such as industrial, agricultural and medical applications. Though diverse microorganisms such as Alcaligenes latus, Burkholderia sacchari, Micrococcus species, Lactobacillus pentosus, Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Klebsiella sp., Rhizobium sp., Enterobacter sp., Escherichia sp., Azototobacter sp., Protomonas sp., Cupriavidus sp., Halomonas sp., Saccharomyces sp., Kluyveromyces sp., and Ralstonia sp. are known to produce bioplastics, the industrial production of bioplastics is still challenging. Thus this paper also provides deep insights on the advancements made to maximise production of bioplastics using different approaches such as metabolic engineering, rDNA technologies and multitude of cultivation strategies. Finally, the constraints to microbial bioplastic production and the future directions of research are briefed. Hence the present review emphasizes on the importance of using bioplastics as a sustainable alternative to petroleum based plastic products to diminish environmental pollution.
Topics: Biodegradation, Environmental; Biopolymers; Petroleum; Plastics; Polyhydroxyalkanoates
PubMed: 35728665
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135390 -
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta.... Apr 2023The effects of naringenin and the biflavonoids amentoflavone and tetrahydroamentoflavone on select bacterial lipids (carotenoids, fatty acids, and menaquinones) and...
The effects of naringenin and the biflavonoids amentoflavone and tetrahydroamentoflavone on select bacterial lipids (carotenoids, fatty acids, and menaquinones) and membrane fluidity based on Laurdan generalized polarization were investigated. For this purpose, the pigment-forming food-associated microorganisms Staphylococcus xylosus (DSM 20266 and J70), Staphylococcus carnosus DSM 20501, and Micrococcus luteus (ATCC 9341 and J3) were studied. The results suggest an envelope stress response by microorganisms due to flavonoids and an employment of adaptive mechanisms using carotenoids, fatty acids, and menaquinones. The flavonoid monomer naringenin impacted carotenoids, fatty acids, menaquinones, and membrane fluidity. Naringenin significantly influenced the carotenoid profile, particularly by an increase in the relative proportion of 4,4'-diaponeurosporenoic acid in Staphylococcus xylosus. Amentoflavone caused changes mainly in the membrane of Micrococcus luteus and decreased the menaquinone content. Tetrahydroamentoflavone mainly affected the carotenoids in the investigated strains. The noticeably different CCS value of tetrahydroamentoflavone compared to naringenin and amentoflavone revealed further insights into the structure-dependent effects of flavonoids. This study provides valuable insights into the response of pigment-forming food-associated microorganisms to naringenin, amentoflavone, and tetrahydroamentoflavone, which is important for the targeted and safe application of the latter as natural preservatives and useful for further research on the mechanisms of action.
Topics: Flavonoids; Vitamin K 2; Carotenoids; Fatty Acids
PubMed: 36746312
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2023.184137 -
Investigative and Clinical Urology Sep 2022Recent advances in molecular biology technology have allowed identification of microbial communities in the urinary tract, and urinary microbiome is associated with...
PURPOSE
Recent advances in molecular biology technology have allowed identification of microbial communities in the urinary tract, and urinary microbiome is associated with various urological diseases. In this study, we aimed to characterize the urinary microbiome of genitourinary malignancies.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Metagenomic analysis of urinary DNA was performed in 85 patients including 30 with bladder cancer (BC), 27 with prostate cancer (PC), 12 with renal cancer (RC), and 16 with non-cancer (NC). 16S rRNA gene sequencing was conducted after amplification of the V3-V4 region.
RESULTS
PC and RC had significantly lower Shannon index than BC, and beta diversity showed significantly different microbiome composition between four groups. We identified six genera of , , , , , and , which showed significantly different abundance between the four groups. When each of the malignancies were compared to NC at the species level, sp. was significantly increased in BC. We also identified 12 and five species with increased populations in PC and RC, respectively. Of these, , , , and were significantly increased in both PC and RC.
CONCLUSIONS
Urinary microbiome composition was different depending on the type of genitourinary malignancies, and we identified bacteria that are significantly associated with each type of malignancy. Specifically, several bacterial species were associated both PC and RC, suggesting that PC and RC share a similar pathogenesis-related urinary microbiome.
Topics: Bacteria; Humans; Male; Microbiota; Prostatic Neoplasms; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Urinary Tract
PubMed: 36068003
DOI: 10.4111/icu.20220124 -
Life (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2022An aerobic bacterium, designated as strain KD337-16T, was isolated from the fecal samples of a black pig. It exhibited spherical, non-motile and non−spore-forming,...
An aerobic bacterium, designated as strain KD337-16T, was isolated from the fecal samples of a black pig. It exhibited spherical, non-motile and non−spore-forming, Gram-positive cells. KD337-16T was identified as a member of the genus Micrococcus through 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and its closest relatives were found to be Micrococcus endophyticus YIM 56238T (99.5% similarity), Micrococcus luteus NCTC 2665T (99.1%), Micrococcus yunnanensis YIM 65004T (99.1%), Micrococcus aloeverae AE-6T (99.1%), Micrococcus antarcticus T2T (98.9%), and Micrococcus flavus LW4T (98.7%). Phylogenomic trees were constructed, and strain KD337-16T was found to form its own cluster as an independent lineage of M. flavus LW4T. Between KD337-16T and its close relatives, the average nucleotide identity, average amino acid identity, and digital DNA−DNA hybridization were below the respective species delineation thresholds at 82.1−86.6%, 78.1−86.1%, and 24.4−34.9%. The major cellular fatty acids and polar lipids were anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C15:0, and DPG and PG, respectively. The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H2). Taken together, the results indicate that strain KD337-16T is a novel species of the genus Micrococcus, for which the name Micrococcus porci sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KD337-16T (=BCRC 81318T = NBRC 115578T).
PubMed: 36362904
DOI: 10.3390/life12111749