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The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Mar 2023Phototherapy is a widely accepted, effective first-line therapy for neonatal jaundice. It is traditionally used continuously but intermittent phototherapy has been... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Phototherapy is a widely accepted, effective first-line therapy for neonatal jaundice. It is traditionally used continuously but intermittent phototherapy has been proposed as an equally effective alternative with practical advantages of improved maternal feeding and bonding. The effectiveness of intermittent phototherapy compared with continuous phototherapy is unknown.
OBJECTIVES
To assess the safety and effectiveness of intermittent phototherapy compared with continuous phototherapy.
SEARCH METHODS
Searches were conducted on 31 January 2022 in the following databases: CENTRAL via CRS Web, MEDLINE and Embase via Ovid. We also searched clinical trials databases and the reference lists of retrieved articles for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-randomised trials.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We included RCTs, cluster-RCTs and quasi-RCTs comparing intermittent phototherapy with continuous phototherapy in jaundiced infants (both term and preterm) up to the age of 30 days. We compared intermittent phototherapy with continuous phototherapy by any method and at any dose and duration as defined by the authors.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Three review authors independently selected trials, assessed trial quality and extracted data from included studies. We performed fixed-effect analyses and expressed treatment effects as mean difference (MD), risk ratio (RR) and risk difference (RD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Our primary outcomes of interest were rate of decline of serum bilirubin, and kernicterus. We used the GRADE approach to assess the certainty of evidence.
MAIN RESULTS
We included 12 RCTs (1600 infants) in the review. There is one ongoing study and four awaiting classification. There was little or no difference between intermittent phototherapy and continuous phototherapy with respect to rate of decline of bilirubin in jaundiced newborn infants (MD -0.09 micromol/L/hr, 95% CI -0.21 to 0.03; I² = 61%; 10 studies; 1225 infants; low-certainty evidence). One study involving 60 infants reported no incidence of bilirubin induced brain dysfunction (BIND). It is uncertain whether either intermittent or continuous phototherapy reduces BIND because the certainty of this evidence is very low. There was little or no difference in treatment failure (RD 0.03, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.15; RR 1.63, 95% CI 0.29 to 9.17; 1 study; 75 infants; very low-certainty evidence) or infant mortality (RD -0.01, 95% CI -0.03 to 0.01; RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.37 to 1.31 I² = 0%; 10 studies, 1470 infants; low-certainty evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: The available evidence detected little or no difference between intermittent and continuous phototherapy with respect to rate of decline of bilirubin. Continuous phototherapy appears to be more effective in preterm infants, however, the risks of continuous phototherapy and the potential benefits of a slightly lower bilirubin level are unknown. Intermittent phototherapy is associated with a decrease in the total number of hours of phototherapy exposure. There are theoretical benefits to intermittent regimens but there are important safety outcomes that were inadequately addressed. Large, well designed, prospective trials are needed in both preterm and term infants before it can be concluded that intermittent and continuous phototherapy regimens are equally effective.
Topics: Infant; Infant, Newborn; Humans; Jaundice, Neonatal; Phototherapy; Bilirubin; Family
PubMed: 36867730
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD008168.pub2 -
Nature Communications Sep 2023For decarbonization of ammonia production in industry, alternative methods by exploiting renewable energy sources have recently been explored. Nonetheless, they still...
For decarbonization of ammonia production in industry, alternative methods by exploiting renewable energy sources have recently been explored. Nonetheless, they still lack yield and efficiency to be industrially relevant. Here, we demonstrate an advanced approach of nitrogen fixation to synthesize ammonia at ambient conditions via laser-induced multiphoton dissociation of lithium oxide. Lithium oxide is dissociated under non-equilibrium multiphoton absorption and high temperatures under focused infrared light, and the generated zero-valent metal spontaneously fixes nitrogen and forms a lithium nitride, which upon subsequent hydrolysis generates ammonia. The highest ammonia yield rate of 30.9 micromoles per second per square centimeter is achieved at 25 °C and 1.0 bar nitrogen. This is two orders of magnitude higher than state-of-the-art ammonia synthesis at ambient conditions. The focused infrared light here is produced by a commercial simple CO laser, serving as a demonstration of potentially solar pumped lasers for nitrogen fixation and other high excitation chemistry. We anticipate such laser-involved technology will bring unprecedented opportunities to realize not only local ammonia production but also other new chemistries .
PubMed: 37704640
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41441-0 -
Autophagy Jun 2024Senecavirus A (SVA) is a newly emerging picornavirus associated with swine vesicular lesions and neonatal mortality, threatening the global pig industry. Despite...
Senecavirus A (SVA) is a newly emerging picornavirus associated with swine vesicular lesions and neonatal mortality, threatening the global pig industry. Despite sustained efforts, the molecular mechanisms of SVA pathogenesis have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that SVA infection can induce complete mitophagy in host cells, which depends on SVA replication. Mitophagy has been subsequently proven to promote SVA replication in host cells. Genome-wide screening of SVA proteins involved in inducing mitophagy showed that although VP2, VP3, 2C, and 3A proteins can independently induce mitophagy, only the 2C protein mediates mitophagy through direct interaction with TUFM (Tu translation elongation factor, mitochondrial). The glutamic acids at positions 196 and 211 of TUFM were shown to be two key sites for its interaction with 2C protein. Moreover, TUFM was discovered to interact directly with BECN1 and indirectly with the ATG12-ATG5 conjugate. Further experiments revealed that TUFM needs to undergo ubiquitination modification before being recognized by the macroautophagy/autophagy receptor protein SQSTM1/p62, and E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF185 catalyzes K27-linked polyubiquitination of TUFM through the interaction between RNF185's transmembrane domain 1 and TUFM to initiate SVA-induced mitophagy. The ubiquitinated TUFM is recognized and bound by SQSTM1, which in turn interacts with MAP1LC3/LC3, thereby linking the 2C-anchored mitochondria to the phagophore for sequestration into mitophagosomes, which ultimately fuse with lysosomes to achieve complete mitophagy. Overall, our results elucidated the molecular mechanism by which SVA induces mitophagy to promote self-replication and provide new insights into SVA pathogenesis.: aa: amino acid; Baf A1: bafilomycin A; BHK-21: baby hamster kidney-21; CCCP: carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone; co-IP: co-immunoprecipitation; CQ: chloroquine; DAPI: 4',6-diamidino-2'-phenylindole; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; EGFP: enhanced green fluorescent protein; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GFP: green fluorescent protein; GST: glutathione S-transferase; HA: hemagglutinin; hpi: hours post-infection; hpt: hours post-transfection; IPTG: isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside; mAb: monoclonal antibody; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MAVS: mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein; Mdivi-1: mitochondrial division inhibitor-1; MOI: multiplicity of infection; mRFP: monomeric red fluorescent protein; MS: mass spectrometry; ORF: open reading frame; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; SD: standard deviation; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; ST: swine testis; SVA: Senecavirus A; TCID: 50% tissue culture infectious dose; TIMM23: translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 23; TM: transmembrane; TOMM20: translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20; TUFM: Tu translation elongation factor, mitochondrial; Ub: ubiquitin; UV: ultraviolet; VDAC1: voltage dependent anion channel 1; WT: wild-type; μg: microgram; μm: micrometer; μM: micromole.
Topics: Mitophagy; Humans; Ubiquitination; Virus Replication; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; Animals; Picornaviridae; HeLa Cells; Mitochondrial Proteins; Mitochondria; Viral Nonstructural Proteins; Protein Binding; Lysine; Swine; HEK293 Cells
PubMed: 38084826
DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2293442 -
Nefrologia 2019Hereditary renal hypouricemia is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder that involves an isolated defect in uric acid reabsorption at the renal tubules. Patients... (Review)
Review
Hereditary renal hypouricemia is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder that involves an isolated defect in uric acid reabsorption at the renal tubules. Patients present with serum uric acid concentrations of less than 2mg/dl (119 micromol/L) with increased fractional excretion above 10%. Most of the patients are asymptomatic and are detected incidentally. However, complications such us nephrolithiasis, hematuria, acute renal failure exercise-induced or after dehydration for acute gastroenteritis, or posterior reversible encephalopaty syndrome (PRES) may develop. Hereditary renal hypouricemia is confirmed by molecular genetic analysis of the two genes which codify the uric acid transport in the kidney tubules. The renal hypouricemia type 1 (OMIM 220150) is characterized by loss-of-function mutations in the SLC22A12 gene which encodes URAT 1 transporter, and the hypouricemia type 2 (OMIM 612076) is caused by defects in the SLC2A9 gene. Homozygous mutations of SLC2A9 cause the most severe forms of the disease. Most mutations have been identified in Japanese adults, and only a few in children. We describe three asyntomatic pediatric Spanish patients with renal hypouricemia, with genetic confirmation, and we make a revision of all of the pediatric cases with genetic study published in the literature.
Topics: Child; Female; Humans; Male; Renal Tubular Transport, Inborn Errors; Spain; Urinary Calculi
PubMed: 30704753
DOI: 10.1016/j.nefro.2018.08.010 -
Talanta Apr 2022The ongoing poisoning of agricultural products has pushed the security problem to become an important issue. Among them, exceeding the standard rate of pesticide... (Review)
Review
The ongoing poisoning of agricultural products has pushed the security problem to become an important issue. Among them, exceeding the standard rate of pesticide residues is the main factor influencing the quality and security of agricultural products. Moreover, the abuse of pesticides has introduced a large amount of residues in soil and drinking water, which will enter the food chain to the human body, leading to neurological disorders and cancer. Therefore, great efforts have been devoted to developing fluorescent sensors for detecting pesticide in a facile, quickly, sensitive, selective, accurate manner, which exhibit greater advantages than some traditional methods. In this review, we mainly focus on summarizing the non-biological fluorescent probes for organic pesticides detection with the detection limit of micromole to nanomole, including organic functional small molecules, calixarenes and pillararenes, metal organic framework systems, and nanomaterials. Meanwhile, we described the different sensing mechanisms for pesticides detection of these mentioned fluorescent sensors, the detection limit of each pesticide, the application in detecting actual samples, as well as their respective advantages and development prospects associated with present non-biological fluorescent sensors.
Topics: Agriculture; Humans; Metal-Organic Frameworks; Pesticide Residues; Pesticides; Soil
PubMed: 35030438
DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.123200 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2022Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the key energy intermediate of cellular metabolic processes and a ubiquitous extracellular messenger. As an extracellular messenger, ATP... (Review)
Review
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the key energy intermediate of cellular metabolic processes and a ubiquitous extracellular messenger. As an extracellular messenger, ATP acts at plasma membrane P2 receptors (P2Rs). The levels of extracellular ATP (eATP) are set by both passive and active release mechanisms and degradation processes. Under physiological conditions, eATP concentration is in the low nanomolar range but can rise to tens or even hundreds of micromoles/L at inflammatory sites. A dysregulated eATP homeostasis is a pathogenic factor in several chronic inflammatory diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). T2DM is characterized by peripheral insulin resistance and impairment of insulin production from pancreatic β-cells in a landscape of systemic inflammation. Although various hypoglycemic drugs are currently available, an effective treatment for T2DM and its complications is not available. However, counteracting systemic inflammation is anticipated to be beneficial. The postulated eATP increase in T2DM is understood to be a driver of inflammation via P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) activation and the release of inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, P2X7R stimulation is thought to trigger apoptosis of pancreatic β-cells, thus further aggravating hyperglycemia. Targeting eATP and the P2X7R might be an appealing novel approach to T2DM therapy.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Cytokines; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Inflammation; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 35335211
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061838 -
MethodsX 2021Nitrite and nitrate are present in many foods. Nitrate can be converted into nitrite in human body. Nitrite can react with secondary amines to form secondary amines and...
Nitrite and nitrate are present in many foods. Nitrate can be converted into nitrite in human body. Nitrite can react with secondary amines to form secondary amines and with thiols to form nitrosothiols. Some nitrosamines are cancers suspect. Because of their importance in terms of human health, research on these compounds is still topical and the use of a rapid and reproducible method for determination and quantification of these compounds is necessary. This article presents a method to study the chemical reactivity of nitrite in meat products through the analysis of non-volatile nitrosamines and nitrosothiols based on:•A specific alkaline and heat extraction of nitro-compounds followed by deprotenization by ultrafiltration•NO detection by the Griess reaction•NO released from -NO and -NO bonds by UV light followed by a specific cleavage of S-NO bonds with HgClThis method, validated on cured meat products, could be developed in the same way on all products containing nitrite and nitrate and leading to the formation of nitroso-compounds. The limit of detection for these compounds are of the order of the micromole per liter.
PubMed: 34434809
DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2021.101289 -
The Journal of the Association of... Apr 2022Stroke remains the second leading cause of death world wide after ischaemic heart disease. Stroke occurs mainly due to infarction which accpounts for 85% of etiological...
UNLABELLED
Stroke remains the second leading cause of death world wide after ischaemic heart disease. Stroke occurs mainly due to infarction which accpounts for 85% of etiological factors and 15% due to hemorrhage. Hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with premature atherosclerosis and vascular events and it is an important risk factor for cerebrovascular accidents.
MATERIAL
Case will be selected from patients admitted to medical wards in Navodaya Medical College, Raichur. Duration based study with a minimum of 50 cases for a period of 18 months from august 2019. In all patients admitted with symptoms suggestive of stroke careful methodical examination of central nervous system carried out recording all physical signs in order. In all cases with the help of close relatives the preceding symptoms and risk factors were enquired all patients were subjected to CT scan brain, CBC, FBS, PPBS, lipid profile and serum homocysteine levels were done.
OBSERVATION
In our study we observed that the serum homocysteine levels were elevated in ischemic stroke significantly. The mean serum homocysteine levels were higher in non diabetics(29.57 micromole/ litre) than diabetics (20.75 micromole/litre) and difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). Mean serum Homocysteine levels were higher in age group <65 years(28.73 micromole/litre) than patient age >65 years (20.50 micromole/litre) and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). Mean serum heomocysteine levels were higher in hypertensives (26.73 micromole/litre) than normotensive (23.28 micromole/litre) however the difference was statistically not significant (p>0.001).The mean serum homocysteine levels were higher in patients with normal lipid profile(30.97 micromole/litre) than patients with dyslipidemia (21.92 micromole/litre) and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.001).
CONCLUSION
The present study revealed that hyperhomocysteinemia appears to be an important risk factor for ischemic stroke. It is therefore important to use serum homocysteine as an important tool to investigate all cases of ischemic stroke and if serum homocysteine is elevated patient should be put on multivitamins containing vitamin B12, folic acid and pyridoxine to reduce serum homocysteine levels.
Topics: Aged; Homocysteine; Humans; Hyperhomocysteinemia; Ischemia; Ischemic Stroke; Lipids; Risk Factors; Stroke; Vitamin B 12
PubMed: 35443421
DOI: No ID Found