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Free Radical Biology & Medicine Jan 2022Dr. Bruce Ames was a pioneer in understanding the role of oxidative stress and DNA damage, and in the 1990s began to make connections between micronutrient deficiencies... (Review)
Review
Dr. Bruce Ames was a pioneer in understanding the role of oxidative stress and DNA damage, and in the 1990s began to make connections between micronutrient deficiencies and DNA damage. Zinc is an essential micronutrient for human health and a key component for the function of numerous cellular processes. In particular, zinc plays a critical role in cellular antioxidant defense, the maintenance of DNA integrity and is also essential for the normal development and function of the immune system. This review highlights the work helping connect zinc deficiency to oxidative stress, susceptibility to DNA damage and chronic inflammation that was initiated while working with Dr. Ames. This review outlines the body of work in this area, from cells to humans. The article also reviews the unique challenges of maintaining zinc status as we age and the interplay between zinc deficiency and age-related inflammation and immune dysfunction. Several micronutrient deficiencies, including zinc deficiency, can drastically affect the risk of many chronic diseases and underscores the importance of adequate nutrition for healthy aging.
Topics: DNA; Humans; Inflammation; Oxidative Stress; Trace Elements; Zinc
PubMed: 34921929
DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.12.256 -
Pediatric Annals Nov 2019Vitamins and minerals are part of a well-balanced diet. They are essential for normal growth and development, which is especially crucial for the pediatric population.... (Review)
Review
Vitamins and minerals are part of a well-balanced diet. They are essential for normal growth and development, which is especially crucial for the pediatric population. Vitamins are divided based on their solubility into fat-soluble vitamins, which include vitamins A, D, E, and K and water-soluble vitamins, which include the B vitamins and vitamin C. Minerals include calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus. Trace minerals are micronutrients and include copper, zinc, selenium, chromium and manganese. The pediatrician is often the first health care provider to interface with patients, allowing them to pick up on nutritional derangements. This article reviews the basic sources, absorption, metabolism as well as the signs and symptoms that arise in deficient and toxic states of fat-soluble vitamins, water-soluble vitamins, minerals, and trace elements. [Pediatr Ann. 2019;48(11):e434-e440.].
Topics: Avitaminosis; Diet; Humans; Micronutrients; Trace Elements; Vitamins
PubMed: 31710362
DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20191015-01 -
Nutrients Jul 2023Micronutrition in pregnancy is critical to impact not only fetal growth and development but also long-term physical and psychiatric health outcomes. (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
BACKGROUND
Micronutrition in pregnancy is critical to impact not only fetal growth and development but also long-term physical and psychiatric health outcomes.
OBJECTIVE
Estimate micronutrient intake from food and dietary supplements in a diverse cohort of pregnant women and compare intake to the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs).
DESIGN
Secondary analysis of women enrolled in a multi-site clinical trial of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation who provided their dietary intake using the diet history questionnaire-II ( = 843) or multiple 24 h recalls ( = 178) at baseline and their intake of nutritional supplements at baseline through 30 days postpartum.
PARTICIPANTS/SETTING
1021 participants from the parent trial who had reliable data for dietary intake, supplement intake, or both.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Micronutrient intake from dietary and supplement sources and percentage of intakes meeting the DRIs for pregnancy.
STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED
Percent of participants whose intake was below the estimated average requirement (EAR) or adequate intake (AI) and above the tolerable upper limit (UL).
RESULTS
Dietary intakes of choline, folate, iron, vitamin D, zinc, vitamin E, magnesium, and potassium, were below the AI or EAR for 30-91% of the participants; thiamin and vitamin B6 were also below the AI or EAR for non-Hispanic/Latina women. Supplement intake improved the intake for most; however, 80% of the group remained below the AI for choline and 52.5% for potassium while 30% remained below the EAR for magnesium. Folate and iron intakes were above the UL for 80% and 19%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Dietary supplements, despite their variability, allowed the majority of this cohort of pregnant women to achieve adequate intakes for most micronutrients. Choline, magnesium, and potassium were exceptions. Of interest, folate intake was above the tolerable UL for the majority and iron for 16.8% of the participants. Clinicians have the opportunity to address the most common nutrient deficits and limits with advice on food sources that provide choline, magnesium, and potassium and to ensure folate is not overabundant. More research is needed to determine if these findings are similar in a cross-sectional population.
Topics: Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Choline; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Folic Acid; Iron; Magnesium; Micronutrients; Nutritional Requirements; Potassium; Pregnant Women; Trace Elements
PubMed: 37513643
DOI: 10.3390/nu15143228 -
The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging Feb 2024
Topics: Humans; Aged; Micronutrients; Malnutrition; Nutritional Status; Patients; Trace Elements
PubMed: 38309108
DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100174 -
Nutrition in Clinical Practice :... Jun 2023COVID-19 can lead to critical illness and induce hypermetabolism, protein catabolism, and inflammation. These pathological processes may alter energy and protein... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
COVID-19 can lead to critical illness and induce hypermetabolism, protein catabolism, and inflammation. These pathological processes may alter energy and protein requirements, and certain micronutrients may attenuate the associated detriments. This narrative review summarizes the macronutrient and micronutrient requirements and therapeutic effects in critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2.
METHODS
We searched four databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and studies that measured macronutrient and micronutrient requirements, published from February 2020 to September 2022.
RESULTS
Ten articles reported on energy and protein requirements, and five articles reported the therapeutic effects of ω-3 (n = 1), group B vitamins (n = 1), and vitamin C (n = 3). Patients' resting energy expenditure gradually increased with time, measuring approximately 20 kcal/kg body weight (BW), 25 kcal/kg BW, and 30 kcal/kg BW for the first, second, and third week onwards, respectively. Patients remained in negative nitrogen balances in the first week, and a protein intake of ≥1.5 g/kg BW may be necessary to achieve nitrogen equilibrium. Preliminary evidence suggests that ω-3 fatty acids may protect against renal and respiratory impairments. The therapeutic effects of group B vitamins and vitamin C cannot be ascertained, although intravenous vitamin C appears promising in reducing mortality and inflammation.
CONCLUSION
There are no RCTs to guide the optimal dose of energy and protein in critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2. Additional larger-scale, well-designed RCTs are needed to elucidate the therapeutic effects of ω-3, group B vitamins, and vitamin C.
Topics: Humans; Micronutrients; SARS-CoV-2; Critical Illness; Vitamin B Complex; Nutritional Requirements; COVID-19; Trace Elements; Ascorbic Acid; Vitamin A; Inflammation; Nitrogen
PubMed: 37010092
DOI: 10.1002/ncp.10982 -
Nature Food Jan 2024Biofortification was first proposed in the early 1990s as a low-cost, sustainable strategy to enhance the mineral and vitamin contents of staple food crops to address... (Review)
Review
Biofortification was first proposed in the early 1990s as a low-cost, sustainable strategy to enhance the mineral and vitamin contents of staple food crops to address micronutrient malnutrition. Since then, the concept and remit of biofortification has burgeoned beyond staples and solutions for low- and middle-income economies. Here we discuss what biofortification has achieved in its original manifestation and the main factors limiting the ability of biofortified crops to improve micronutrient status. We highlight the case for biofortified crops with key micronutrients, such as provitamin D/vitamin D, vitamin B and iron, for recognition of new demographics of need. Finally, we examine where and how biofortification can be integrated into the global food system to help overcome hidden hunger, improve nutrition and achieve sustainable agriculture.
Topics: Humans; Biofortification; Food, Fortified; Malnutrition; Vitamins; Micronutrients; Trace Elements
PubMed: 38168782
DOI: 10.1038/s43016-023-00905-8 -
Journal of Experimental Botany Mar 2022
Topics: Micronutrients; Trace Elements
PubMed: 35288752
DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac025 -
Nutrients Sep 2023Trace elements and vitamins, collectively known as micronutrients, are essential for basic metabolic reactions in the human body. Their deficiency or, on the contrary,... (Review)
Review
Trace elements and vitamins, collectively known as micronutrients, are essential for basic metabolic reactions in the human body. Their deficiency or, on the contrary, an increased amount can lead to serious disorders. Research in recent years has shown that long-term abnormal levels of micronutrients may be involved in the etiopathogenesis of some neurological diseases. Acute and chronic alterations in micronutrient levels may cause other serious complications in neurological diseases. Our aim was to summarize the knowledge about micronutrients in relation to selected neurological diseases and comment on their importance and the possibilities of therapeutic intervention in clinical practice.
Topics: Humans; Micronutrients; Vitamins; Trace Elements; Vitamin A; Nervous System Diseases
PubMed: 37836413
DOI: 10.3390/nu15194129 -
Alternative Therapies in Health and... May 2023Trace elements (microminerals) play a role in many physiological functions, including hormone production and cellular growth. However, their importance in diagnosing and... (Review)
Review
Trace elements (microminerals) play a role in many physiological functions, including hormone production and cellular growth. However, their importance in diagnosing and treating dermatologic disease has not been well examined. In this review, we discuss the functions, sources, and recommended requirements of each micromineral. In addition, we analyze the systemic and dermatological manifestations associated with micromineral imbalances. The pathogenesis of genodermatoses, such as Wilson disease, Menkes disease, acrodermatitis enteropathica, and allergic dermatitis, are also discussed. Included are studies examining the potential therapeutic role of zinc, selenium, and copper in inflammatory diseases, skin cancer, and photoaging.
Topics: Humans; Trace Elements; Dermatology; Zinc; Copper; Acrodermatitis
PubMed: 34264859
DOI: No ID Found -
Orvosi Hetilap Aug 2022Ionic or complex compounds of certain trace elements are essential for the proper functioning of the human body in numerous biochemical processes. Their absence or...
Ionic or complex compounds of certain trace elements are essential for the proper functioning of the human body in numerous biochemical processes. Their absence or accumulation causes many health problems and diseases. In the past, trace elements have been thought to be a key factor in the treatment of insulin resistance and diabetes, however, the importance and lack of trace elements in the development of diabetes or the assessment of trace element status in the development and treatment of complications are still controversial. Therefore, the authors summarize the role of trace elements in the development, pathogenesis, and progression of diabetes. They briefly report on the most important known processes of zinc(II), manganese(II, III), copper(I, II), chromium(III), iron(II, III), cobalt(II), vanadium(III, IV, V), molybdenum(IV, VI), iodine(I), selenium(II, IV, VI), and lithium(I) in the human body and the biochemical changes associated with diabetes. Differences in trace element status in diabetes, their relationship to free radicals, and the antioxidant defense system are detailed. Some risk factors that lead to more severe micronutrient deficiencies and complications are also discussed.
Topics: Chromium; Copper; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Iodine; Trace Elements
PubMed: 35964281
DOI: 10.1556/650.2022.32550