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Frontiers in Chemistry 2022As a typical microscopic imaging technology, the emergence of the microscope has accelerated the pace of human exploration of the micro world. With the development of... (Review)
Review
As a typical microscopic imaging technology, the emergence of the microscope has accelerated the pace of human exploration of the micro world. With the development of science and technology, microscopes have developed from the optical microscopes at the time of their invention to electron microscopes and even atomic force microscopes. The resolution has steadily improved, allowing humans to expand the field of research from the initial animal and plant tissues to microorganisms such as bacteria, and even down to the nanolevel. The microscope is now widely used in life science, material science, geological research, and other fields. It can be said that the development of microscopes also promotes the development of micro- and nanotechnology. It is foreseeable that microscopes will play a significant part in the exploration of the microworld for a long time to come. The development of microscope technology is the focus of this study, which summarized the properties of numerous microscopes and discussed their applications in micro and nanotechnology. At the same time, the application of microscopic imaging technology in micro- and nanofields was investigated based on the properties of various microscopes.
PubMed: 35864864
DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.931169 -
ArXiv Oct 2023Scanning-probe and wide-field magnetic microscopes based on Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) centers in diamond have enabled remarkable advances in the study of biology and...
Scanning-probe and wide-field magnetic microscopes based on Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) centers in diamond have enabled remarkable advances in the study of biology and materials, but each method has drawbacks. Here, we implement an alternative method for nanoscale magnetic microscopy based on optical control of the charge state of NV centers in a dense layer near the diamond surface. By combining a donut-beam super-resolution technique with optically detected magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we imaged the magnetic fields produced by single 30-nm iron-oxide nanoparticles. The magnetic microscope has a lateral spatial resolution of ~100 nm, and it resolves the individual magnetic dipole features from clusters of nanoparticles with interparticle spacings down to ~190 nm. The magnetic feature amplitudes are more than an order of magnitude larger than those obtained by confocal magnetic microscopy due to the smaller characteristic NV-nanoparticle distance within nearby sensing voxels. We analyze the magnetic point-spread function and sensitivity as a function of the microscope's spatial resolution and identify sources of background fluorescence that limit the present performance, including diamond second-order Raman emission and imperfect NV charge-state control. Our method, which uses less than 10 mW laser power and can be parallelized by patterned illumination, introduces a new format for nanoscale magnetic imaging.
PubMed: 37873018
DOI: No ID Found -
Computational and Structural... 2022Microscopic images are widely used in basic biomedical research, disease diagnosis and medical discovery. Obtaining high-quality in-focus microscopy images has been a...
MOTIVATION
Microscopic images are widely used in basic biomedical research, disease diagnosis and medical discovery. Obtaining high-quality in-focus microscopy images has been a cornerstone of the microscopy. However, images obtained by microscopes are often out-of-focus, resulting in poor performance in research and diagnosis.
RESULTS
To solve the out-of-focus issue in microscopy, we developed a Cycle Generative Adversarial Network (CycleGAN) based model and a multi-component weighted loss function. We train and test our network in two self-collected datasets, namely Leishmania parasite dataset captured by a bright-field microscope, and bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (BPAEC) captured by a confocal fluorescence microscope. In comparison to other GAN-based deblurring methods, the proposed model reached state-of-the-art performance in correction. Another publicly available dataset, human cells dataset from the Broad Bioimage Benchmark Collection is used for evaluating the generalization abilities of the model. Our model showed excellent generalization capability, which could transfer to different types of microscopic image datasets.
AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION
Code and dataset are publicly available at: https://github.com/jiangdat/COMI.
PubMed: 35521557
DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.04.003 -
Nature Methods Jul 2022Cameras are a crucial part of microscopes and are also built into many kinds of instruments. To make their output comparable takes standards.
Cameras are a crucial part of microscopes and are also built into many kinds of instruments. To make their output comparable takes standards.
Topics: Microscopy; Photography; Reference Standards
PubMed: 35750961
DOI: 10.1038/s41592-022-01545-9 -
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial... Sep 2022Oral and maxillofacial surgery residency programs are increasingly adopting microsurgery as a core element of training; however, many barriers exist that limit trainees'...
PURPOSE
Oral and maxillofacial surgery residency programs are increasingly adopting microsurgery as a core element of training; however, many barriers exist that limit trainees' proficiency. The purpose of this study was to perform a validation of 2 tabletop microscope simulations for their use as a training tool, which could serve as an affordable, alternative method to traditional microsurgery training methods.
METHODS
A prospective, single-institution, multidepartmental validation study was performed. Two microscopes (monocular digital [DM] and binocular stereo [SM]) were used to perform anastomoses on simulation vessels including a silastic tube and a chicken thigh femoral artery. A microsurgeon panel was selected from a population of microsurgery faculty and fellows at Michigan Medicine (Ann Arbor, MI) to perform the anastomoses. The surgeons each performed 4 anastomoses, using each microscope with each vessel, and subsequently completed a survey evaluating the simulation. Predictor variables were the microscope and the vessel. Primary outcome variable was readiness for use, which was defined as the simulation's ability to incorporate into a microsurgical training curriculum in its current state. Secondary outcome variables included realism, value, usefulness, relevance, difficulty, and cost. Paired t tests were used to compare responses. Alpha was set to 0.05.
RESULTS
Seven microsurgeons performed the simulation from the departments of oral and maxillofacial surgery (n = 5), plastic and reconstructive surgery (n = 1), and otolaryngology (n = 1). For readiness, the SM simulation required either no modification (n = 4) prior to implementation into a microsurgery curriculum or minimal modification (n = 3), compared to the DM simulation which required significant modification (n = 4) or extensive modification and re-evaluation (n = 3) (P = .002). The SM demonstrated a greater mean realism score than the DM for depth perception (5.00 vs 1.57, P < .001), field of view (4.57 vs 3.57, P = .038), lighting (5.00 vs 4.00, P = .038), and clarity (5.00 vs 3.86, P = .030). There was no statistically significant difference between SM and DM in value, usefulness, relevance, difficulty, or cost.
CONCLUSIONS
Tabletop microscopes demonstrate considerable promise in the future of microsurgical education. The SM simulation was a realistic simulation that may be ready for use in a microsurgical curriculum. Future studies are required to demonstrate the efficacy of this simulation on microsurgical trainees.
Topics: Clinical Competence; Internship and Residency; Microsurgery; Prospective Studies; Simulation Training; Surgery, Plastic
PubMed: 35714723
DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2022.05.005 -
Pathologica Dec 2023Counting stuff under the microscope is part of the duties of a surgical pathologist. Many textbooks and articles still report the surface area as the number of... (Review)
Review
Counting stuff under the microscope is part of the duties of a surgical pathologist. Many textbooks and articles still report the surface area as the number of high-power fields (HPFs) counted. This is bad, since the area displayed by an HPF varies between two microscopes. It is therefore necessary to express the surface as mm. This is a how to guide written for the resident who has to measure the HPF of the microscope for the first time. The Resident can either calibrate the microscope with a stage micrometer slide (a small ruler on a glass slide) or compute the surface area of the HPF using the numbers on the eyepiece and the magnification objective. for "10X/22" eyepiece and a "40X" objective, the diameter of the HPF is 22/40 = 0.55 (if no other magnification is present), and the surface is 0.238 mm. The young resident might then ask: "How far off-target was I when I counted the number of HPFs that the chief resident declared to be correct?" Probably not that much: although legitimate in principle and correct in math, the size of the problem is often overstated since microscopes are not that different after all and because pathology is not just about counting.
Topics: Microscopy; Pathology
PubMed: 38180138
DOI: 10.32074/1591-951X-900 -
Scientific Reports Jul 2019An optical microscope enables image-based findings and diagnosis on microscopic targets, which is indispensable in many scientific, industrial and medical settings. A...
An optical microscope enables image-based findings and diagnosis on microscopic targets, which is indispensable in many scientific, industrial and medical settings. A standard benchtop microscope platform, equipped with e.g., bright-field and phase-contrast modes, is of importance and convenience for various users because the wide-field and label-free properties allow for morphological imaging without the need for specific sample preparation. However, these microscopes never have capability of acquiring molecular contrast in a label-free manner. Here, we develop a simple add-on optical unit, comprising of an amplitude-modulated mid-infrared semiconductor laser, that is attached to a standard microscope platform to deliver the additional molecular contrast of the specimen on top of its conventional microscopic image, based on the principle of photothermal effect. We attach this unit, termed molecular-contrast unit, to a standard phase-contrast microscope, and demonstrate high-speed label-free molecular-contrast phase-contrast imaging of silica-polystyrene microbeads mixture and molecular-vibrational spectroscopic imaging of HeLa cells. Our simple molecular-contrast unit can empower existing standard microscopes and deliver a convenient accessibility to the molecular world.
Topics: HeLa Cells; Humans; Lasers, Semiconductor; Light; Microscopy, Phase-Contrast; Microspheres; Molecular Imaging; Polystyrenes; Silicon Dioxide; Spectrophotometry, Infrared
PubMed: 31316091
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46383-6 -
ArXiv Jul 2023Microscopes are essential for the biomechanical and hydrodynamical investigation of small aquatic organisms. We report a do-it-yourself microscope (GLUBscope) that...
Microscopes are essential for the biomechanical and hydrodynamical investigation of small aquatic organisms. We report a do-it-yourself microscope (GLUBscope) that enables the visualization of organisms from two orthogonal imaging planes - top and side views. Compared to conventional imaging systems, this approach provides a comprehensive visualization strategy of organisms, which could have complex shapes and morphologies. The microscope was constructed by combining custom 3D-printed parts and off-the-shelf components. The system is designed for modularity and reconfigurability. Open-source design files and build instructions are provided in this report. Additionally, proof-of-use experiments (particularly with Hydra) and other organisms that combine the GLUBscope with an analysis pipeline were demonstrated to highlight the system's utility. Beyond the applications demonstrated, the system can be used or modified for various imaging applications.
PubMed: 37547659
DOI: No ID Found -
Micromachines May 2022A fluorescence microscope is one of the most important tools for biomedical research and laboratory diagnosis. However, its high cost and bulky size hinder the...
A fluorescence microscope is one of the most important tools for biomedical research and laboratory diagnosis. However, its high cost and bulky size hinder the application of laboratory microscopes in space-limited and low-resource applications. Here, in this work, we proposed a portable and cost-effective fluorescence microscope. Assembled from a set of 3D print components and a webcam, it consists of a three-degree-of-freedom sliding platform and a microscopic imaging system. The microscope is capable of bright-field and fluorescence imaging with micron-level resolution. The resolution and field of view of the microscope were evaluated. Compared with a laboratory-grade inverted fluorescence microscope, the portable microscope shows satisfactory performance, both in the bright-field and fluorescence mode. From the configurations of local resources, the microscope costs around USD 100 to assemble. To demonstrate the capability of the portable fluorescence microscope, we proposed a quantitative polymerase chain reaction experiment for meat product authenticating applications. The portable and low-cost microscope platform demonstrates the benefits in space-constrained environments and shows high potential in telemedicine, point-of-care testing, and more.
PubMed: 35744483
DOI: 10.3390/mi13060869 -
Journal of the History of the... 2022In his (1947), Dutch neuropsychiatrist Cornelis Winkler mentioned his colleague Ada Potter, who made many of the neuroanatomic drawings in his publications. She also...
In his (1947), Dutch neuropsychiatrist Cornelis Winkler mentioned his colleague Ada Potter, who made many of the neuroanatomic drawings in his publications. She also made two microscopical brain atlases (of a rabbit and a cat) and participated in endeavors to publish a human brain atlas. Born on East Java (Dutch East Indies), Potter received her M.D. from the University of Amsterdam. She worked with Winkler until his retirement (1926) and then moved to the United States. Subsequently, she went back to East Java, practicing in an insane asylum. In the meantime, she was active in the women's mancipation movement. After a short stay in Geneva, she returned to the Netherlands in 1939. The rabbit and cat atlases (1911 and 1914, respectively) were major projects that served animal experimenters up to the 1980s. They consist of 40 and 35 black-and-white plates, respectively, depicting microscopic fiber and cell structure drawings with extensive legends. In a period in which medical photography had fully developed, they preferred drawings, particularly because neurons in thick microscopical slices can only be seen by continuous focusing. The choice was shared by well-known neuroanatomists, such as Ramon y Cajal, who noted that drawing facilitates analysis and teaches scientists how to see.
Topics: Animals; Female; History, 20th Century; Humans; Microscopy; Netherlands; Neuroanatomy; Rabbits; United States
PubMed: 35412959
DOI: 10.1080/0964704X.2022.2054644