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International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2022causes dermatomycoses in giant pandas (). This study aimed to investigate the immune response of following deep infection. The degree of damage to the heart, liver,...
causes dermatomycoses in giant pandas (). This study aimed to investigate the immune response of following deep infection. The degree of damage to the heart, liver, spleen, lungs, and kidneys was evaluated using tissue fungal load, organ index, and histopathological methods. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) detected the mRNA expression of receptors and cytokines in the lung, and immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry, were used to assess immune cells in the lung. The results indicated that conidia mainly colonized the lungs and caused serious injury with infection. Furthermore, dectin-1, TLR-2, and TLR-4 played a role in recognizing cells. Numerous inflammatory cells, mainly macrophages, dendritic cells, polymorphonuclear neutrophils, and inflammatory cytokines (TGF-β, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, and IL-23), were activated in the early stages of infection. With the high expression of IL-22, IL-17A, and IL-17F, the Th17 pathway exerted an adaptive immune response to infection. These results can potentially aid in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases caused by in giant pandas.
Topics: Adaptive Immunity; Animals; Arthrodermataceae; Cytokines; Inflammation; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-12; Interleukin-17; Interleukin-23; Interleukin-6; Microsporum; RNA, Messenger; Th17 Cells; Toll-Like Receptor 2; Toll-Like Receptor 4; Transforming Growth Factor beta; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Ursidae
PubMed: 36233337
DOI: 10.3390/ijms231912037 -
Infectious Diseases 2020L'Hér. is a native plant of sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar which is traditionally used for various ailments. Concerned with the scope of the available evidence, we... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
L'Hér. is a native plant of sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar which is traditionally used for various ailments. Concerned with the scope of the available evidence, we designed a scoping review to critically analyze scientific evidence on 's pharmacology, toxicity, and phytochemistry to validate its ethnomedical use.
METHODS
We searched without language restriction in MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science through December 2019. Both published and unpublished articles were assessed for relevance and reviewed.
RESULTS
Of 600 articles retrieved through database search, a total of 48 articles were finally included. The butanol extract of berries was more potent molluscicidal than aqueous extract. The berries had also miracidial, anthelmintic, antifungal activity, and antibacterial effect against , and spp. The methanol extracts of roots had an antifungal against , and was toxic to aquatic invertebrate and fish. The fishes were up to 4 times more sensitive than snails. Saponins were the main phytoconstituent isolated from berries. Terpenoid and phenolic were abundant in leaves and bark extracts.
CONCLUSIONS
Studies validated the traditional use of against snails, worms, and various bacterial and fungal infections. Limited phytochemical data call for future research to focus on isolation of compounds; test their toxicity and activity; and establish mechanism of action.
PubMed: 32782430
DOI: 10.1177/1178633720943509 -
Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Apr 2020The goal of this retrospective case series was to report on the clinical aspects of confirmed species and infections in cats from three animal shelters.
OBJECTIVES
The goal of this retrospective case series was to report on the clinical aspects of confirmed species and infections in cats from three animal shelters.
METHODS
This was an observational retrospective study. Fungal culture and treatment data from three animal shelters was retrospectively reviewed to identify cats with dermatophytosis caused by species or
RESULTS
Among the three shelters only four cats were diagnosed with dermatophytosis. With respect to species infections, there were six cases identified and treated in a 1 year period in one shelter, 13 cases over 13 years in the second shelter and 27 cases over 5 years in the third shelter. Four cases of dermatophytosis were treated in the third shelter. Young cats were most commonly infected and the disease was most commonly diagnosed in the fall and winter months. Lesions were inflammatory and found predominantly on the head and neck. There was a rapid response to treatment in all cases; mean (n = 20) and median (n = 17) days to mycological cure were calculated from available data. Fungal culture data revealed fomite carriage without clinical evidence of infection for species (n = 43) cats and (n = 37) cats.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
There is a paucity of clinical information about non- dermatophytosis in shelter cats. This study data shows that species and infections do occur but are uncommon. Based upon the rapid response to conventional treatment, these infections do not represent a treatment challenge, as most cats reached mycological cure within 3 weeks.
Topics: Animals; Arthrodermataceae; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dermatomycoses; Fomites; Retrospective Studies; Tinea; Trichophyton
PubMed: 31070544
DOI: 10.1177/1098612X19846987 -
Mycoses Oct 2023Dermatophytosis is one of the most common fungal infections worldwide. The distribution of dermatophytes varies across continents, but the genera Trichophyton and...
BACKGROUND
Dermatophytosis is one of the most common fungal infections worldwide. The distribution of dermatophytes varies across continents, but the genera Trichophyton and Microsporum have emerged as the main isolated agents in humans and animals.
OBJECTIVES
To validate Drosophila melanogaster flies as a fast and feasible model to study dermatophytic infections.
METHODS
Wild-type (WT) and Toll-deficient D. melanogaster flies were infected by Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis and Nannizzia gypsea by pricking with a needle previously dipped in inoculum concentrations ranging from 10 to 10 colony-forming units/mL. Establishment of infection was confirmed by survival curves, histopathological analysis and fungal burden. Thereafter, flies were treated with terbinafine, itraconazole and clioquinol.
RESULTS
WT flies were predominantly resistant to the infection, whereas Toll-deficient flies succumbed to the four dermatophyte genera tested. The antifungal drugs protected flies from the infection, except for N. gypsea whose survival curves did not differ from the untreated group.
CONCLUSIONS
This pilot study confirms that D. melanogaster is a suitable model to study the virulence and antifungal drug efficacy in dermatophyte species.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Antifungal Agents; Drosophila melanogaster; Pilot Projects; Arthrodermataceae; Itraconazole; Trichophyton; Tinea
PubMed: 37434424
DOI: 10.1111/myc.13630 -
Cureus Dec 2023Background and purpose The complex is a globally distributed group of geophilic dermatophytes that primarily affect animals but can also rarely cause dermatomycoses in...
Background and purpose The complex is a globally distributed group of geophilic dermatophytes that primarily affect animals but can also rarely cause dermatomycoses in humans. With some regional and occupational variations, tinea corporis is the most prevalent presentation of the infection. The aim of this study was to report on the diagnosis and treatment of dermatophytosis cases among related families, and their pets, from southern Saudi Arabia. Up-to-date information on dermatophytes and dermatophytosis is needed. Methods This is a prospective case series undertaken at the Dermatology Outpatient Clinic of King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia. Six patients with suspected dermatophytosis were received at our hospital in 2022 and have been followed for recovery with or without scars. Characteristics of fungal pathogens were examined phenotypically on the basis of microscopic and growth characteristics, and laboratory data were used to initiate treatment with oral fluconazole, topical terbinafine cream, or oral itraconazole. Results Clinical features and culture results confirmed tinea capitis and tinea corporis caused by , which was also present in a pet cat. Tinea capitis cases (n = 4) did not respond to fluconazole and terbinafine treatment, but treatment with itraconazole resulted in a full recovery. Tinea corporis cases (n = 2) were treated with terbinafine, which resulted in a full recovery within four weeks, with no signs of scarring. Conclusions presents with serious persistent lesions and is extremely contagious. Treatment is durable but challenging, and breaking the transmission chain is more difficult.
PubMed: 38292972
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51402 -
Mycoses Aug 2020Tinea capitis (TC) is an infection of the scalp hair due to dermatophytes. Most commonly seen in prepubescent children, but data of adults tinea capitis (ATC) in China... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Tinea capitis (TC) is an infection of the scalp hair due to dermatophytes. Most commonly seen in prepubescent children, but data of adults tinea capitis (ATC) in China mainland are limited.
OBJECTIVES
We aimed to evaluate epidemiological, clinical and mycological characteristics of ATC in China from 2000 to 2019.
METHODS
We retrospectively analysed all ATC reported cases in China mainland, confirmed by mycological examination, by searching PubMed, Wanfang, Weipu and CNKI database.
RESULTS
In sum, 40 papers involving 269 clinical cases were included. The average morbidity of ATC was calculated as 9.04% after standardisation. The sex ratio is 1:5.2 (31 male, 163 female); 76 people between 18 and 44 age level and 137 people between 45 and 89 age level were diagnosed as ATC. Culture or ITS sequencing identified Trichophyton violaceum in 70 cases (35.2%), Microsporum canis in 42 cases (21.1%), Trichophyton mentagrophyte in 32 cases (16.1%), Trichophyton rubrum in 23 cases (11.5%), Microsporum gypseum in 18 cases (9.0%), Trichophyton tonsurans in 6 cases (3.0%), Trichophyton schoenleini in 4 cases (2.0%), Epidermophyton floccosum in 2 cases (1.0%), Trichophyton verrucosum and Microsporum ferrugineum in one case (0.5%). ATC was easily to be diagnosed as furfur, seborrhoeic dermatitis (13%) or pustular and dermatocellulitis (11.15%).Six immunocompromised persons were recorded (2.2%).
CONCLUSIONS
ATC mainly involves postmenopausal women. Trichophyton violaceum, M canis, T mentagrophyte remain the most common aetiological agent of ATC in China. Trichophyton rubrum own the much higher frequency in ATC than in children. For diversified clinical manifestations, recognising ATC profiles will help clinicians avoid misdiagnosis.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Arthrodermataceae; China; Dermatomycoses; Female; Humans; Male; Microsporum; Middle Aged; Morbidity; Postmenopause; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Tinea Capitis; Young Adult
PubMed: 32395886
DOI: 10.1111/myc.13102 -
Natural Products and Bioprospecting Aug 2022A new seco-anthraquinone, crispuside A (1), and three new 3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-ones, napthalenones A-C (2-4), were isolated from the roots of Rumex crispus L.,...
A new seco-anthraquinone, crispuside A (1), and three new 3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-ones, napthalenones A-C (2-4), were isolated from the roots of Rumex crispus L., along with 10 known anthraquinones (6-14) and naphthalenone (5). Their structures were fully determined by extensive spectroscopic analyses, including ECD, and X-ray crystallography in case of compound 5, whose absolute configuration was determined for the first time. The isolates 1, 6-14 were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and anti-fungal activity against three skin fungi, e.g., Epidermophyton floccosum, Trichophyton rubrum, and Microsporum gypseum. Most of the isolates showed weak anti-fungal and anti-inflammatory activity. Only compound 9 exhibited obvious anti-fungal activity against E. floccosum (MIC = 2.467 ± 0.03 μM) and M. gypseum (MIC = 4.673 ± 0.077 μM), while the MIC values of the positive control terbinafine were 1.287 ± 0.012 and 0.077 ± 0.00258 μM, respectively. The results indicated that simple emodin type anthraquinone is more potential against skin fungi than its oxyglucosyl, C-glucosyl and glycosylated seco analogues.
PubMed: 35918556
DOI: 10.1007/s13659-022-00350-3 -
Current Medical Mycology Mar 2023Dermatophytosis is one of the most prevalent zoonotic diseases. Increased resistance of dermatophytosis-causing pathogens against antidermatophytic agents highlights the...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Dermatophytosis is one of the most prevalent zoonotic diseases. Increased resistance of dermatophytosis-causing pathogens against antidermatophytic agents highlights the need for alternative medicine with higher efficiency and lower side effects. In the present study, the antifungal activities of different concentrations of methanol extract against , , and were assessed and their efficacy was evaluated in rat dermatophytosis models.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The broth microdilution and well diffusion methods were used to determine the antidermatophytic activity. The study was carried out using 40 dermatophytosis-infected adults male Wistar rats. The animals were divided into 4 groups (5% and 10% ointment, terbinafine, and Vaseline) and treated with ointment until complete recovery. The percentage of wound closure was calculated for each group.
RESULTS
The results revealed that methanol extract was effective to varying extents against the tested dermatophytes. The highest inhibitory activity of was found against with minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration values of 4 and 9 µg mL, respectively. The experiment revealed that 10% ointment significantly accelerated skin lesions reduction and completely cured , , and infections after 19, 25, and 38 days, respectively.
CONCLUSION
The methanol extract of exhibited significant antifungal activity and , suggesting that it could be used as an alternative to antidermatophytic therapy in a dose-dependent manner.
PubMed: 37867595
DOI: 10.18502/CMM.2023.150672 -
Infection, Genetics and Evolution :... Jun 2021Microsporum gypseum is a keratinophilic fungi grouped under dermatophytes infecting skin, hair and nail portions in human and animals causing tinea corporis, tinea facei...
Microsporum gypseum is a keratinophilic fungi grouped under dermatophytes infecting skin, hair and nail portions in human and animals causing tinea corporis, tinea facei and tinea capitis. As both human and fungi are eukaryotes, the available drugs for treating dermatophytes produce some side effects due to drug interaction with human also. Apart from this, the gut microbiota has a very big role in the health of human which should not be affected by the drugs. Hence this study focused on finding a target which is unique and essential to M. gypseum and non-homologous to human and gut microbiota, non-homologous to human domain architecture, highly interacting with other proteins, sub-cellular localization of proteins and non-druggability analysis of the targets using subtractive proteomics approach which resulted with 3 novel drug targets from M. gypseum which were modeled using I-TASSER, refined by ModRefiner and validated by PROCHECK. Further these targets were docked with compounds identified through LC-MS of fractioned methanol extract of B. aegyptiaca fruit pulp using Glide module and the stability of the docked complex was analyzed by molecular dynamics simulation using Desmond module of Schrodinger. Cyanidin-3-O-rhamnoside had better interaction with all the targets and Taurocholic acid had better result with ECCP which suggests the multi-targeting potency of these two compounds against M. gypseum which has to be confirmed by in vitro and in vivo studies.
Topics: Arthrodermataceae; Balanites; Dermatomycoses; Fungal Proteins; Humans; Molecular Docking Simulation; Proteome; Proteomics
PubMed: 33549764
DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104755 -
Journal of Natural Products May 2021Seven new polyketides including a phenol (), two diphenyl ethers ( and ), two depsidones ( and ), and two phthalides ( and ) were isolated from the fungus PSU-MF16...
Seven new polyketides including a phenol (), two diphenyl ethers ( and ), two depsidones ( and ), and two phthalides ( and ) were isolated from the fungus PSU-MF16 along with 27 known compounds. Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configurations of and - were established using comparative analyses of calculated and experimental ECD spectra. Among the new metabolites, exhibited the best antimicrobial activity against , methicillin-resistant , and with equal MIC values of 16 μg/mL. In addition, known emeguisin A displayed potent antimicrobial activity against , methicillin-resistant , and with equal MIC values of 0.5 μg/mL, compared with the standard drugs, vancomycin and amphotericin B. The structure-activity relationship study of the isolated compounds for antimicrobial activity is discussed.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Arthrodermataceae; Aspergillus; Chlorocebus aethiops; Cryptococcus neoformans; Dysidea; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Structure; Polyketides; Structure-Activity Relationship; Thailand; Vero Cells
PubMed: 33861594
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c01308