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Journal of Urban Health : Bulletin of... Jun 2023Playgrounds have features that benefit visitors, including opportunities to engage in outdoor physical activity. We surveyed 1350 adults visiting 60 playgrounds across...
Playgrounds have features that benefit visitors, including opportunities to engage in outdoor physical activity. We surveyed 1350 adults visiting 60 playgrounds across the USA in Summer 2021 to determine if distance to the playground from their residence was associated with weekly visit frequency, length of stay, and transportation mode to the site. About 2/3 of respondents living within ½ mile from the playground reported visiting it at least once per week compared with 14.1% of respondents living more than a mile away. Of respondents living within ¼ mile of playgrounds, 75.6% reported walking or biking there. After controlling for socio-demographics, respondents living within ½ mile of the playground had 5.1 times the odds (95% CI: 3.68, 7.04) of visiting the playground at least once per week compared with those living further away. Respondents walking or biking to the playground had 6.1 times the odds (95% CI: 4.23, 8.82) of visiting the playground at least once per week compared with respondents arriving via motorized transport. For public health purposes, city planners and designers should consider locating playgrounds ½ mile from all residences. Distance is likely the most important factor associated with playground use.
Topics: Parks, Recreational; Humans; Urban Health; Urban Population; Transportation; Surveys and Questionnaires; Male; Female; Adult; Seasons; Child
PubMed: 37155140
DOI: 10.1007/s11524-023-00729-8 -
Optometry and Vision Science : Official... Feb 2022Lack of knowledge regarding the mileage driven by drivers with low vision who use bioptic telescopes could obscure the relationship between vision and road safety. This...
SIGNIFICANCE
Lack of knowledge regarding the mileage driven by drivers with low vision who use bioptic telescopes could obscure the relationship between vision and road safety. This study provides data suggesting that worse vision is correlated with less mileage driven but more collisions per mile in bioptic drivers.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to determine whether vision or demographic factors predict mileage driven in bioptic drivers and per-mile motor vehicle collision rate and also to compare the collision rate of bioptic drivers with previous estimates for the general population.
METHODS
Driver data were collected retrospectively from clinic records. Collision data were collected from the Ohio Bureau of Motor Vehicles database. Subjects were also asked to estimate their yearly mileage. Regression models were used to investigate relationships between vision and collision rates.
RESULTS
Seventy-three licensed Ohio bioptic drivers (36 male) were included. Mean ± standard deviation age was 51 ± 16 years. Mean logMAR visual acuity was 0.67 (approximately 20/100). Mean log contrast sensitivity was 1.57. Mean reported annual mileage was 9746. Age, sex, and previous (nonbioptic) driving experience were not associated with mileage. LogMAR visual acuity was inversely related to mileage (P = .02), and contrast sensitivity (P = .01) and horizontal visual field (P = .02) were directly associated with mileage. Visual acuity (P = .02) and visual field (P = .005), but not contrast sensitivity (P = .19), were associated with number of collisions.
CONCLUSIONS
Visual acuity, visual field, and contrast sensitivity were associated with driving exposure in bioptic drivers (with drivers with poorer vision reporting lower annual mileage), and poorer visual acuity and visual field were associated with more collisions. The per-mile collision rate for bioptic drivers was within the range of that previously reported for fully sighted drivers, although higher than would be expected for fully sighted drivers of similar age distribution.
Topics: Accidents, Traffic; Adult; Aged; Automobile Driving; Eyeglasses; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Telescopes; Vision, Low
PubMed: 34889860
DOI: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000001836 -
Nature Nov 2022Lithium-ion batteries with nickel-rich layered oxide cathodes and graphite anodes have reached specific energies of 250-300 Wh kg (refs. ), and it is now possible to...
Lithium-ion batteries with nickel-rich layered oxide cathodes and graphite anodes have reached specific energies of 250-300 Wh kg (refs. ), and it is now possible to build a 90 kWh electric vehicle (EV) pack with a 300-mile cruise range. Unfortunately, using such massive batteries to alleviate range anxiety is ineffective for mainstream EV adoption owing to the limited raw resource supply and prohibitively high cost. Ten-minute fast charging enables downsizing of EV batteries for both affordability and sustainability, without causing range anxiety. However, fast charging of energy-dense batteries (more than 250 Wh kg or higher than 4 mAh cm) remains a great challenge. Here we combine a material-agnostic approach based on asymmetric temperature modulation with a thermally stable dual-salt electrolyte to achieve charging of a 265 Wh kg battery to 75% (or 70%) state of charge in 12 (or 11) minutes for more than 900 (or 2,000) cycles. This is equivalent to a half million mile range in which every charge is a fast charge. Further, we build a digital twin of such a battery pack to assess its cooling and safety and demonstrate that thermally modulated 4C charging only requires air convection. This offers a compact and intrinsically safe route to cell-to-pack development. The rapid thermal modulation method to yield highly active electrochemical interfaces only during fast charging has important potential to realize both stability and fast charging of next-generation materials, including anodes like silicon and lithium metal.
PubMed: 36224388
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05281-0 -
Journal of Strength and Conditioning... Feb 2021Knechtle, B, Stjepanovic, M, Knechtle, C, Rosemann, T, Sousa, CV, and Nikolaidis, PT. Physiological responses to swimming repetitive "Ice Miles." J Strength Cond Res...
Knechtle, B, Stjepanovic, M, Knechtle, C, Rosemann, T, Sousa, CV, and Nikolaidis, PT. Physiological responses to swimming repetitive "Ice Miles." J Strength Cond Res 35(2): 487-494, 2021-"Ice Mile" swimming (i.e., 1,608 m in water of below 5° C) is becoming increasingly popular. Since the foundation of the International Ice Swimming Association (IISA) in 2009, official races are held as World Cup Races and World Championships. Ice swimming was a demonstration sport at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia. This case study aimed to identify core body temperature and selected hematological and biochemical parameters before and after repeated "Ice Miles." An experienced ice swimmer completed 6 consecutive Ice Miles within 2 days. Three Ice Miles adhered to the strict criteria for the definition of Ice Miles, whereas the other 3 were very close (i.e., 5.2, 6.1, and 6.6° C) to the temperature limit. Swimming times, changes in core body temperatures, and selected urinary and hematological parameters were recorded. The athlete showed after each Ice Mile a metabolic acidosis (i.e., an increase in lactate and TCO2; a decrease in base excess and HCO3-) and an increase in blood glucose, cortisol, and creatine kinase concentration. The decrease in pH correlated significantly and negatively with the increase in cortisol level, indicating that this intense exercise causes a metabolic stress. The change in core body temperature between start and finish was negatively associated with metabolic acidosis. The increase in creatine kinase suggests skeletal muscle damages due to shivering after an Ice Mile. For athletes and coaches, swimming in cold water during Ice Miles leads to a metabolic acidosis, which the swimmer tries to compensate with a respiratory response. Considering the increasing popularity of ice swimming, the findings have practical value for swimmers and practitioners (e.g., coaches, exercise physiologists, and physicians) working with them because our results provide a detailed description of acute physiological responses to repeated swimming in cold conditions. These findings are of importance for athletes and coaches for National Championships and World Championships in Ice Swimming following the IISA rules.
Topics: Athletes; Cold Temperature; Humans; Ice; Russia; Swimming
PubMed: 29878984
DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002690 -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Mar 2022
Topics: Animal Diseases; Animals
PubMed: 35263281
DOI: 10.2460/javma.20.04.0176 -
International Journal of Cardiology Oct 2023
Topics: Humans; Sarcopenia; Cachexia; Heart Failure; Muscle, Skeletal; Walking
PubMed: 37364716
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.131131 -
Research Square Mar 2023Playgrounds have features that benefit visitors, including opportunities to engage in outdoor physical activity. We surveyed 1350 adults visiting 60 playgrounds across...
Playgrounds have features that benefit visitors, including opportunities to engage in outdoor physical activity. We surveyed 1350 adults visiting 60 playgrounds across the U.S. in Summer 2021 to determine if distance to the playground from their residence was associated with weekly visit frequency, length of stay, and transportation mode to the site. About 2/3 of respondents living within ½ mile from the playground reported visiting it at least once per week compared with 14.1% of respondents living more than a mile away. Of respondents living within ¼ mile of playgrounds, 75.6% reported walking or biking there. After controlling for socio-demographics, respondents living within ½ mile of the playground had 5.1 times the odds (95% CI: 3.68, 7.04) of visiting the playground at least once per week compared with those living further away. Respondents walking or biking to the playground had 6.1 times the odds (95% CI: 4.23, 8.82) of visiting the playground at least once per week compared with respondents arriving via motorized transport. For public health purposes, city planners and designers should consider locating playgrounds ½ mile from all residences. Distance is likely the most important factor associated with playground use.
PubMed: 36993744
DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2697497/v1 -
Clinics in Sports Medicine Jul 2021
PubMed: 34051948
DOI: 10.1016/j.csm.2021.04.005 -
Clinics in Sports Medicine Apr 2021
PubMed: 33673897
DOI: 10.1016/j.csm.2021.02.001 -
Cureus May 2022Purpose This work aims to conduct a geospatial analysis of recent ultrasound access and usage within the United States, with a particular focus on disparities between...
Purpose This work aims to conduct a geospatial analysis of recent ultrasound access and usage within the United States, with a particular focus on disparities between rural and urban areas. Methods/Materials Multiple public datasets were merged on a county level, including US Department of Agriculture economic metrics and Centers for Medicare Services data using the most recent years available (2015-2019). From these databases, 39 total variables encompassing the socioeconomic, health, and ultrasound characteristics of each county were obtained. Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes incorporated included ultrasound-guided procedures and diagnostic exams. Three thousand eleven counties were included. The combined dataset was then exported to GeoDa for network-based analysis and to produce map visualizations. To identify statistically significant (p < 0.05) hotspots and coldspots in point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) prevalence, Moran's I was used. Choropleth maps were created for visualization. ANOVA was run across the four Moran's I groups for each of 39 variables of interest. Results A total of 30,135,085 ultrasound-related CPT codes were billed to Medicare over 2015-2019, with 26.55% of codes being ultrasound-guided procedures and 73.45% being diagnostic exams. 38.84% of rural counties had access to POC ultrasound compared to 88.56% of metropolitan counties and 74.19% of counties overall. Hotspots of POCUS were in Southern California and the Eastern US (average of 1,441 per 10,000 Medicare members per year). Coldspot areas were seen in the Great Plains and Midwest (average of 7.43 per 10k Medicare members per year). Hotspot clusters, when compared to coldspot clusters, were significantly (p < 0.001) more dense (703.6 to 14.9 people per square mile), more urbanized (3.5 to 7.1 Rural-Urban Continuum (RUC)), more college-educated (25.1% to 20.0%), more likely to have an Emergency Department (ED) visit (725.8 to 616.9 visits per 1,000 Medicare members), more likely to be obese (19.0% to 12.9%), less likely to be uninsured (10.1% to 13.0%), had more Black representation (8.5% to 3.4%), and less Hispanic representation (2.6% to 5.5%). Conclusions Ultrasound access and usage demonstrate significant geospatial trends across the United States. Hotspot and coldspot counties differ on several key sociodemographic and economic variables.
PubMed: 35774712
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25425