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Computational Biology and Chemistry Dec 2019Data generation using high throughput technologies has led to the accumulation of diverse types of molecular data. These data have different types (discrete, real,... (Review)
Review
Data generation using high throughput technologies has led to the accumulation of diverse types of molecular data. These data have different types (discrete, real, string, etc.) and occur in various formats and sizes. Datasets including gene expression, miRNA expression, protein-DNA binding data (ChIP-Seq/ChIP-ChIP), mutation data (copy number variation, single nucleotide polymorphisms), annotations, interactions, and association data are some of the commonly used biological datasets to study various cellular mechanisms of living organisms. Each of them provides a unique, complementary and partly independent view of the genome and hence embed essential information about the regulatory mechanisms of genes and their products. Therefore, integrating these data and inferring regulatory interactions from them offer a system level of biological insight in predicting gene functions and their phenotypic outcomes. To study genome functionality through regulatory networks, different methods have been proposed for collective mining of information from an integrated dataset. We survey here integration methods that reconstruct regulatory networks using state-of-the-art techniques to handle multi-omics (i.e., genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic) and other biological datasets.
Topics: Computational Biology; Databases, Genetic; Gene Regulatory Networks; Humans
PubMed: 31499298
DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2019.107120 -
Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry Oct 2022A new family of squaramide-based anionophores (L1-L8) have been synthesised and fully characterised with the aim to investigate the effect of indolyl substituents on...
A new family of squaramide-based anionophores (L1-L8) have been synthesised and fully characterised with the aim to investigate the effect of indolyl substituents on their anion binding and transmembrane transport properties. L1, L2, L6, and L8, bearing a 7-indolyl/indol-7-yl moiety as the substituent, were found to be the most efficient of the series in binding chloride with high stability constants. L1, L6, and L8 were also found to be the most potent anionophores of the series, able to mediate transmembrane anion transport. In particular, L6 bearing the 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group was found to be the most active transporter, and its efficiency as an anionophore/anion transporter was favourably compared with that of their symmetrically-substituted squaramide analogues L9 and L10, previously reported in the literature.
Topics: Chlorides; Ion Transport; Anions; Quinine
PubMed: 36196986
DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01444k -
ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters May 2022A selection of compounds from a proprietary library, based on chemical diversity and various biological activities, was evaluated as potential inhibitors of the Severe...
A selection of compounds from a proprietary library, based on chemical diversity and various biological activities, was evaluated as potential inhibitors of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a phenotypic-based screening assay. A compound based on a 2-phenylquinoline scaffold emerged as the most promising hit, with EC and CC values of 6 and 18 μM, respectively. The subsequent selection of additional analogues, along with the synthesis of ad hoc derivatives, led to compounds that maintained low μM activity as inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 replication and lacked cytotoxicity at 100 μM. In addition, the most promising congeners also show pronounced antiviral activity against the human coronaviruses HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43, with EC values ranging from 0.2 to 9.4 μM. The presence of a 6,7-dimethoxytetrahydroisoquinoline group at the C-4 position of the 2-phenylquinoline core gave compound that showed potent activity against SARS-CoV-2 helicase (nsp13), a highly conserved enzyme, highlighting a potentiality against emerging HCoVs outbreaks.
PubMed: 35571875
DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00123 -
Anaesthesia Jan 2022SARS-CoV-2 has been associated with an increased rate of venous thromboembolism in critically ill patients. Since surgical patients are already at higher risk of venous...
SARS-CoV-2 has been associated with an increased rate of venous thromboembolism in critically ill patients. Since surgical patients are already at higher risk of venous thromboembolism than general populations, this study aimed to determine if patients with peri-operative or prior SARS-CoV-2 were at further increased risk of venous thromboembolism. We conducted a planned sub-study and analysis from an international, multicentre, prospective cohort study of elective and emergency patients undergoing surgery during October 2020. Patients from all surgical specialties were included. The primary outcome measure was venous thromboembolism (pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis) within 30 days of surgery. SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis was defined as peri-operative (7 days before to 30 days after surgery); recent (1-6 weeks before surgery); previous (≥7 weeks before surgery); or none. Information on prophylaxis regimens or pre-operative anti-coagulation for baseline comorbidities was not available. Postoperative venous thromboembolism rate was 0.5% (666/123,591) in patients without SARS-CoV-2; 2.2% (50/2317) in patients with peri-operative SARS-CoV-2; 1.6% (15/953) in patients with recent SARS-CoV-2; and 1.0% (11/1148) in patients with previous SARS-CoV-2. After adjustment for confounding factors, patients with peri-operative (adjusted odds ratio 1.5 (95%CI 1.1-2.0)) and recent SARS-CoV-2 (1.9 (95%CI 1.2-3.3)) remained at higher risk of venous thromboembolism, with a borderline finding in previous SARS-CoV-2 (1.7 (95%CI 0.9-3.0)). Overall, venous thromboembolism was independently associated with 30-day mortality (5.4 (95%CI 4.3-6.7)). In patients with SARS-CoV-2, mortality without venous thromboembolism was 7.4% (319/4342) and with venous thromboembolism was 40.8% (31/76). Patients undergoing surgery with peri-operative or recent SARS-CoV-2 appear to be at increased risk of postoperative venous thromboembolism compared with patients with no history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Optimal venous thromboembolism prophylaxis and treatment are unknown in this cohort of patients, and these data should be interpreted accordingly.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Distribution; Aged; COVID-19; Cohort Studies; Female; Humans; Internationality; Male; Middle Aged; Postoperative Complications; Prospective Studies; SARS-CoV-2; Sex Distribution; Venous Thromboembolism; Young Adult
PubMed: 34428858
DOI: 10.1111/anae.15563 -
The Journal of Dermatology Apr 2024
PubMed: 38641911
DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.17219 -
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences Jul 2021Mulberry is a fast growing deciduous plant found in wide variety of climatic, topographical and soil conditions, and is widely distributed from temperate to subtropical... (Review)
Review
Mulberry is a fast growing deciduous plant found in wide variety of climatic, topographical and soil conditions, and is widely distributed from temperate to subtropical regions. Due to presence of valuable phytochemical constituents, mulberry as a whole plant has been utilized as a functional food since long time. Mulberry fruits are difficult to preserve as they have relatively high water content. Therefore for proper utilization, different value-added products like syrups, squashes, teas, pestil sand köme, pekmez (turkuish by-products), yogurts, jams, jellies, wines, vinegar, breads, biscuits, parathas, and many more are made. In overseas, these value-added products are commercially sold and easily available, though in India, this versatile medicinal plant is still missing its identity at commercial and industrial scale. Leaves of mulberry are economically viable due to their important role in the sericulture industry since ancient times. Mulberries or its extracts exhibit excellent anti-microbial, anti-hyperglycaemic, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer effects and is used to combat different acute and chronic diseases. Different parts of Morus species like fruits, leaves, twigs, and bark exhibit strong anti-tyrosinase inhibition activity that makes it a suitable candidate in cosmetic industries as a whitening agent. The current review provides a comprehensive discussion concerning the phytochemical constituents, functionality and nutraceutical potential of mulberry and as a common ingredient in various cosmetic products.
PubMed: 34220247
DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.03.056 -
Frontiers in Dentistry 2022This integrative review aims to provide a consolidated evidence-based appraisal of the most up-to-date guidelines and recommendations of international public and... (Review)
Review
This integrative review aims to provide a consolidated evidence-based appraisal of the most up-to-date guidelines and recommendations of international public and professional health regulatory bodies in relation to preparedness framework for restructuring safe delivery of dental services amid and beyond the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Most recent updated guidelines for dental professionals from major international health regulatory bodies were reviewed. PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, WHO COVID-19 and LILACS databases, along with relevant preprints were searched, and citations were checked up to January 23, 2021. The search was performed by one author. Shortlisted articles were read and brought to consensus to be included in the study by at least two co-authors. In case of any disagreement between the judgements, an independent co-author's decision was taken as final. Of 849 records searched, 61 articles were included in the study. Following content analysis of the global guidelines and the collected prevailing evidence, the common themes and recommendations of different guidance documents were collated and summarized into seven domains. Most guidelines have a consensus regarding implementation of rigorous administrative, engineering and environmental infection control strategies. However, variations do exist with regard to the use of respirators in non-aerosol-generating procedure (non-AGP) settings, employment of airborne precautions during non-AGPs, use of supplemental air-handling systems, and preoperative use of mouthwashes. This evidence-based analysis can serve as a useful reopening resource tool and facilitate effective restructuring for delivery of optimal, equitable and safe dental practices globally, during and while emerging from the pandemic.
PubMed: 35937150
DOI: 10.18502/fid.v19i14.9217 -
JAMA Surgery Feb 2022Pulmonary clots are seen frequently on chest computed tomography performed after trauma, but recent studies suggest that pulmonary thrombosis (PT) and pulmonary embolism... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
IMPORTANCE
Pulmonary clots are seen frequently on chest computed tomography performed after trauma, but recent studies suggest that pulmonary thrombosis (PT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) after trauma are independent clinical events.
OBJECTIVE
To assess whether posttraumatic PT represents a distinct clinical entity associated with the nature of the injury, different from the traditional venous thromboembolic paradigm of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and PE.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
This prospective, observational, multicenter cohort study was conducted by the Consortium of Leaders in the Study of Traumatic Thromboembolism (CLOTT) study group. The study was conducted at 17 US level I trauma centers during a 2-year period (January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2020). Consecutive patients 18 to 40 years of age admitted for a minimum of 48 hours with at least 1 previously defined trauma-associated venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk factor were followed up until discharge or 30 days.
EXPOSURES
Investigational imaging, prophylactic measures used, and treatment of clots.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
The main outcomes of interest were the presence, timing, location, and treatment of any pulmonary clots, as well as the associated injury-related risk factors. Secondary outcomes included DVT. We regarded pulmonary clots with DVT as PE and those without DVT as de novo PT.
RESULTS
A total of 7880 patients (mean [SD] age, 29.1 [6.4] years; 5859 [74.4%] male) were studied, 277 with DVT (3.5%), 40 with PE (0.5%), and 117 with PT (1.5%). Shock on admission was present in only 460 patients (6.2%) who had no DVT, PT, or PE but was documented in 11 (27.5%) of those with PE and 30 (25.6%) in those with PT. Risk factors independently associated with PT but not DVT or PE included shock on admission (systolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg) (odds ratio, 2.74; 95% CI, 1.72-4.39; P < .001) and major chest injury with Abbreviated Injury Score of 3 or higher (odds ratio, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.16-2.56; P = .007). Factors associated with the presence of PT on admission included major chest injury (14 patients [50.0%] with or without major chest injury with an Abbreviated Injury Score >3; P = .04) and major venous injury (23 [82.1%] without major venous injury and 5 [17.9%] with major venous injury; P = .02). No deaths were attributed to PT or PE.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
To our knowledge, this CLOTT study is the largest prospective investigation in the world that focuses on posttraumatic PT. The study suggests that most pulmonary clots are not embolic but rather result from inflammation, endothelial injury, and the hypercoagulable state caused by the injury itself.
Topics: Abbreviated Injury Scale; Adult; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Male; Prospective Studies; Pulmonary Embolism; Risk Factors; Trauma Centers; United States; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 34910098
DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2021.6356 -
The Australasian Journal of Dermatology Feb 2022Miliarial gout is a rare clinical variant of chronic tophaceous gout characterised by tiny milia-like papules containing chalky tophaceous material. In this report, we... (Review)
Review
Miliarial gout is a rare clinical variant of chronic tophaceous gout characterised by tiny milia-like papules containing chalky tophaceous material. In this report, we present a case of miliarial gout in a patient with known history of gouty arthritis and review the reported cases of miliarial gout in the literature to discuss its characteristics, diagnosis and treatment.
Topics: Gout; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Skin Diseases, Papulosquamous
PubMed: 34905650
DOI: 10.1111/ajd.13764 -
Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and... 2021A melanoacanthoma (MA) is a pigmented variant of seborrheic keratosis. Owing to the pigmentation, MAs may mimic the clinical appearance of malignant melanomas (MMs).... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
A melanoacanthoma (MA) is a pigmented variant of seborrheic keratosis. Owing to the pigmentation, MAs may mimic the clinical appearance of malignant melanomas (MMs). However, the dermoscopic patterns of MAs and MA-like MMs have rarely been compared.
OBJECTIVE
To elucidate the clinical and dermoscopic differences between MAs and MA-like MMs.
METHODS
This study included 77 MA and 33 MA-like MM patients. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records, clinical findings, and dermoscopic findings of the two groups.
RESULTS
Crypts and comedo-like openings (71.4%) in MAs and the blue-white veil (60.6%) in MMs were the most common dermoscopic findings. Crypts, comedo-like opening, milia-like cysts, fissures, and hairpin vessels appeared more frequently in MAs ( < .05). However, atypical pigment networks, blue-white veils, pseudopods and streaks, and atypical vessels were more common in MMs ( < .05). MAs often showed melanoma-specific dermoscopic findings, especially blue-white veils (22.1%). Furthermore, fissures (42.4%), crypts (21.2%), and comedo-like openings (15.2%) were observed in MMs, although they are typically benign patterns.
CONCLUSION
Differences in dermoscopic patterns might provide important clues for the differential diagnosis of MA-like lesions. However, MAs such as MMs and true-benign MAs may overlap clinically in appearance and on dermoscopy. Several benign patterns were frequently observed in MMs (fissures, globular pattern, crypts, comedo-like openings, cerebriform appearance, and milia-like cysts), and several malignant patterns were observed in MAs (blue-white veil, pseudopod, and atypical pigment network). Importantly, if any of the melanoma-associated features or atypical vessels are present, the lesion should be biopsied to establish a diagnosis.
Topics: Dermoscopy; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Keratosis, Seborrheic; Male; Melanoma; Middle Aged; Republic of Korea; Retrospective Studies; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 33242988
DOI: 10.1177/1203475420977470