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Cancer Prevention Research... Mar 2021Given the increasing evidence that the oral microbiome is involved in obesity, diabetes, and cancer risk, we investigated baseline oral microbiota profiles in relation...
Given the increasing evidence that the oral microbiome is involved in obesity, diabetes, and cancer risk, we investigated baseline oral microbiota profiles in relation to all-cancer incidence among nonsmoking women enrolled in a Texas cohort of first- and second-generation immigrants of Mexican origin. We characterized the 16Sv4 rDNA microbiome in oral mouthwash samples collected at baseline from a representative subset of 305 nonsmoking women, ages 20-75 years. We evaluated within- (alpha) and between-sample (beta) diversity by incident cancer status and applied linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size analysis to assess differentially abundant taxa. Diversity and candidate taxa in relation to all-cancer incidence were evaluated in multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models. Over 8.8 median years of follow-up, 31 incident cancer cases were identified and verified. Advanced age, greater acculturation, and cardiometabolic risk factors were associated with all-cancer incidence. Higher alpha diversity (age-adjusted < 0.01) and distinct biological communities ( = 0.002) were observed by incident cancer status. Each unit increase in the Shannon diversity index yielded >8-fold increase in all-cancer and obesity-related cancer risk [multivariable-adjusted HR (95% confidence interval), 8.11 (3.14-20.94) and 10.72 (3.30-34.84), respectively] with similar findings for the inverse Simpson index. was enriched among women who did not develop cancer, while , and were higher among women who developed cancer (LDA score ≥ 3; q-value < 0.01). This initial study of oral microbiota and overall cancer risk in nonsmoking Mexican American women suggests the readily accessible oral microbiota as a promising biomarker. PREVENTION RELEVANCE: Mexican American women suffer a disproportionate burden of chronic health conditions that increase cancer risk. Few investigations of the microbiome, a key determinant of host health, have been conducted among this group. Oral microbiota profiles may provide early and accessible cancer biomarker data on invasive bacteria or community disruptions.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Bacteria; Dysbiosis; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Incidence; Mexican Americans; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Mouth; Neoplasms; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Texas; Young Adult
PubMed: 33277317
DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-20-0405 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Aug 2022This study investigated the effect of dietary Macleaya cordata extract (MCE) supplementation on the growth performance, serum parameters, and intestinal microbiota of...
This study investigated the effect of dietary Macleaya cordata extract (MCE) supplementation on the growth performance, serum parameters, and intestinal microbiota of yellow-feather broilers under heat stress. A total of 216 yellow-feather broilers (28-days-old) were randomly allotted into three groups. A control group (CON) (24 ± 2 °C) and heat stress group (HS) (35 ± 2 °C) received a basal diet, and heat-stressed plus MCE groups (HS-MCE) (35 ± 2 °C) were fed the basal diet with 1000 mg/kg MCE for 14 consecutive days. The results revealed that MCE supplementation improved the final body weight, average daily feed intake, average daily gain, and spleen index when compared with the HS group (p < 0.05). In addition, MCE supplementation decreased (p < 0.05) the activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatinine, and increased (p < 0.05) the glucose level and alkaline phosphatase activity in heat-stressed yellow-feathered broilers. Moreover, MCE treatment alleviated heat-stress-induced intestinal flora disturbances, decreased the Bacteroidota and Bacteroides relative abundances, and increased Firmicutes. A linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis found five differentially abundant taxa in the HS-MCE group, including Alistipes, Rikenellaceae, Mogibacterium, Butyrivibrio, and Lachnospira. These results suggest that MCE can alleviate HS-induced decline in growth performance by modulating blood biochemical markers and cecal flora composition in broilers.
PubMed: 36077916
DOI: 10.3390/ani12172197 -
Journal of Hazardous Materials Apr 2024Skatole of gut origin has garnered significant attention as a malodorous pollutant due to its escalating emissions, recalcitrance to biodegradation and harm to animal...
Skatole of gut origin has garnered significant attention as a malodorous pollutant due to its escalating emissions, recalcitrance to biodegradation and harm to animal and human health. Magnolol is a health-promoting polyphenol with potential to considerably mitigate the skatole production in the intestines. To investigate the impact of magnolol and its underlying mechanism on the skatole formation, in vivo and in vitro experiments were conducted in pigs. Our results revealed that skatole concentrations in the cecum, colon, and faeces decreased by 58.24% (P = 0.088), 44.98% (P < 0.05) and 43.52% (P < 0.05), respectively, following magnolol supplementation. Magnolol supplementation significantly decreased the abundance of Lachnospira, Faecalibacterium, Paramuribaculum, Faecalimonas, Desulfovibrio, Bariatricus, and Mogibacterium within the colon (P < 0.05). Moreover, a strong positive correlation (P < 0.05) between skatole concentration and Desulfovibrio abundance was observed. Subsequent in silico studies showed that magnolol could dock well with indolepyruvate decarboxylase (IPDC) within Desulfovibrio. Further in vitro investigation unveiled that magnolol addition led to less indole-3-pyruvate diverted towards the oxidative skatole pathway by the potential docking of magnolol towards IPDC, thereby diminishing the conversion of substrate into skatole. Our findings offer novel targets and strategies for mitigating skatole emission from the source.
Topics: Swine; Animals; Humans; Skatole; Tryptophan; Biphenyl Compounds; Microbiota; Lignans
PubMed: 38359760
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133423 -
Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) Oct 2021This study investigated the effects of a low-dose salmon peptide fraction (SPF) and vitamin D (VitD ) in obese and VitD -deficient mice at risk of metabolic syndrome...
OBJECTIVE
This study investigated the effects of a low-dose salmon peptide fraction (SPF) and vitamin D (VitD ) in obese and VitD -deficient mice at risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS).
METHODS
Obese and VitD -deficient low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr) /apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB) mice were treated with high-fat high-sucrose diets, with 25% of dietary proteins replaced by SPF or a nonfish protein mix (MP). The SPF and MP groups received a VitD -deficient diet or a supplementation of 15,000 IU of VitD per kilogram of diet. Glucose homeostasis, atherosclerosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and gut health were assessed.
RESULTS
VitD supplementation increased plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D to optimal status whereas the VitD -deficient diet maintained moderate deficiency. SPF-treated groups spent more energy and accumulated less visceral fat in association with an improved adipokine profile. SPF lowered homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance compared with MP, suggesting that SPF can improve insulin sensitivity. SPF alone blunted hepatic and colonic inflammation, whereas VitD supplementation attenuated ileal inflammation. These effects were associated with changes in gut microbiota such as increased Mogibacterium and Muribaculaceae.
CONCLUSIONS
SPF treatment improves MetS by modulating hepatic and gut inflammation along with gut microbiota, suggesting that SPF operates through a gut-liver axis. VitD supplementation has limited influence on MetS in this model.
Topics: Animals; Diet, High-Fat; Insulin Resistance; Liver; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Obesity; Peptides; Salmon; Vitamin D
PubMed: 34449134
DOI: 10.1002/oby.23244 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2024Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are widely used in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients as a treatment option. However, ICS may also increase the risk of...
Sputum microbe community alterations induced by long-term inhaled corticosteroid use are associated with airway function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients based on metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS).
Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are widely used in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients as a treatment option. However, ICS may also increase the risk of pneumonia and alter the composition of airway microbiota. In clinical application, the overuse of ICS exists pervasively and may potentially lead to adverse effects. Whether the long-term use of ICS confers enough benefit to COPD patients to justify its use so far remains unknown. Therefore, this study employed a single-center retrospective cohort study to compare alterations in airway function and the sputum microbial community structure between COPD patients who had undergone either long-term or short-term treatment with ICS. Sixty stable COPD patients who had used ICS were recruited and classified into the long-term use group (more than 3 months) and short-term use group (less than 3 months). The demographic features and clinical information of the subjects were investigated and their sputum samples were collected and subjected to metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). The study found that compared with short-term ICS use, long-term ICS use did not further improve the clinical airway function, decrease the number of acute exacerbations, or decrease hospital readmission. In terms of sputum microbiota, the long-term use of ICS significantly altered the beta diversity of the microbial community structure ( < 0.05) and the top three phyla differed between the two groups. At the genus level, long-term ICS induced higher relative abundances of , , , , , and compared to short-term ICS use. Additionally, alpha diversity was positively associated with clinical airway indicators (pre-bronchodilatory FEV1 and pre-bronchodilatory FVC) in the long-term ICS group. The relative abundances of , , , and genera had positive correlations with the eosinophil % (of all white blood cells). This study reveals the effect of long-term and short-term ICS use on sputum microbiota among COPD patients and provides a reference for the appropriate application of clinical ICS treatment in COPD patients.
PubMed: 38915461
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1323613 -
Journal of Psychiatric Research Mar 2023Some studies have indicated that elevated homocysteine (Hcy) levels and intestinal flora may be involved in schizophrenia (SZ) cognition pathophysiology. This study was...
Some studies have indicated that elevated homocysteine (Hcy) levels and intestinal flora may be involved in schizophrenia (SZ) cognition pathophysiology. This study was the first to investigate the association among Hcy, intestinal flora and schizophrenia cognition. Here, 140 individuals were divided into two groups: SZ patients (N = 68) and healthy controls (HCs, N = 72). Participant data on serum Hcy levels, intestinal flora and cognitive function evaluation using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) were collected. Clinical symptoms of patients were evaluated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Serum Hcy levels and the incidence of hyperhomocysteinaemia were considerably increased in SZ patients compared with HCs. Hcy levels were significantly negatively associated with verbal learning index scores (r = -0.425, p < 0.001) but positively associated with Eubacterium (r = 0.32, p = 0.007), Lactobacillus (r = 0.32, p = 0.008), Corynebacterium (r = 0.26, p = 0.035), Mogibacterium (r = 0.31, p = 0.01), and Bulleidia (r = 0.31, p = 0.01) in SZ patients. Our findings suggest that serum Hcy levels are associated with cognitive function and intestinal flora in SZ patients. However, the mechanism of the interaction between Hcy and intestinal flora and its effects on cognitive function in SZ patients requires further investigation.
Topics: Humans; Schizophrenia; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Cognition; Cognition Disorders; Homocysteine
PubMed: 36773527
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.01.045 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2021Intestinal infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in humans and agricultural animals, especially newborns and weaned animals. Preventive treatments that...
Intestinal infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in humans and agricultural animals, especially newborns and weaned animals. Preventive treatments that help weaned animals maintain homeostasis and balance the hindgut microbial populations are desirable. The present study aimed to explore the impact of bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD) on the intestinal health by analyzing the intestinal environment, morphology, expression of peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs), and flora of weaned rabbits. A total of 300 New Zealand weaned rabbits were randomly divided into the following five treatment groups for a 35-day feed trial: control group (basal diet), bacitracin zinc (BZ) group (50 mg/kg BZ), BMDa group (100 mg/kg BMD), BMDb group (50 mg/kg BMD), and BMDc group (rabbits fed a basal diet supplemented with 25 mg/kg BMD). In each treatment group, 28 rabbits were slaughtered for experimental analysis. The results showed that the supplementation of BMD increased the environmental acidity of the cecum of the weaned rabbits and reduced the ammonia-nitrogen concentration, which was beneficial to the survival of useful bacteria in the intestine. The morphology analysis of the duodenum using hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed that the villus length, villus/crypt ratio, and intestinal wall thickness increased in the BMD group, thereby improving the structure of the duodenum and the absorption capacity of the small intestine. Moreover, real-time polymerase chain reaction test showed that PGRPs (especially PGLYRP-1 and PGLYRP-2) in the intestinal had an antagonistic effect with BMD in the process of inhibiting pathogenic bacteria, resulting in their decreased expression ( < 0.05). Furthermore, through 16S rRNA sequencing in the cecal content, the abundance of the predominant phyla in the BMDa and BZ groups was found to be the closest. The abundance of the genera , ), (), , (), , , and increased in the BMDa and BZ groups ( < 0.05). The relative abundance of , , and significantly increased only in the BMDa group ( < 0.05). Conclusively, BMD, as well as microbes, improved the intestinal environment and structure to maintain the intestinal health of weaned rabbits.
PubMed: 34248860
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.579006 -
Modern Rheumatology Feb 2024This article aims to investigate the saliva microbiome in patients with immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4RD) compared with primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS).
OBJECTIVES
This article aims to investigate the saliva microbiome in patients with immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4RD) compared with primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS).
METHODS
Saliva samples were collected from 11 IgG4RD and 11 SS patients who visited IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted from the samples, and primers were used to amplify the V3-V4 regions of bacterial and archaeal 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, which was then analysed by paired-end sequencing. Amplicon reads were processed using QIIME2 to generate representative sequences. The Greengenes database was used to identify the bacterial flora in each sample and compare them between groups.
RESULTS
The IgG4RD and SS groups exhibited differences in bacterial diversity. Cluster analyses of attributed classification groups by species and disease showed that IgG4RD and SS cases formed individual clusters. Significant differences in relative abundance between IgG4RD and SS were observed for the following organisms: Mogibacterium (P = .0051), Solobacterium moorei (P = .0195), Slackia (P = .0356), and Moryella (P = .0455).
CONCLUSIONS
Salivary microbiome analysis of IgG4RD and SS patients revealed significantly higher relative proportions of Mogibacterium, S. moorei, Slackia, and Moryella bacteria in IgG4RD compared with SS.
Topics: Humans; Saliva; Sjogren's Syndrome; Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease; Microbiota
PubMed: 37043362
DOI: 10.1093/mr/road037 -
Schizophrenia Research May 2024Cognitive impairment is a core symptom of schizophrenia. The gut microbiota (GM) and oxidative stress may play important roles in the pathophysiological mechanisms of...
Cognitive impairment is a core symptom of schizophrenia. The gut microbiota (GM) and oxidative stress may play important roles in the pathophysiological mechanisms of cognitive impairment. This study aimed to explore the relationship between GM and oxidative stress in the cognitive function of schizophrenia. GM obtained by 16S RNA sequencing and serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels from schizophrenia patients (N = 68) and healthy controls (HCs, N = 72) were analyzed. All psychiatric symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Cognitive function was assessed using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). Correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between GM, SOD, and cognitive function. Machine learning models were used to identify potential biomarkers. Compared to HCs, the relative abundances of Collinsella, undefined Ruminococcus, Lactobacillus, Eubacterium, Mogibacterium, Desulfovibrio, Bulleidia, Succinivibrio, Corynebacterium, and Atopobium were higher in patients with schizophrenia, but Faecalibacterium, Anaerostipes, Turicibacter, and Ruminococcus were lower. In patients with schizophrenia, the positive factor, general factor, and total score of MCCB positively correlated with Lactobacillus, Collinsella, and Lactobacillus, respectively; SOD negatively correlated with Eubacterium, Collinsella, Lactobacillus, Corynebacterium, Bulleidia, Mogibacterium, and Succinivibrio, but positively correlated with Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus, and MCCB verbal learning index scores; Faecalibacterium and Turicibacter were positively correlated with MCCB visual learning index scores and speed of processing index scores, respectively. Our findings revealed a correlation between SOD and GM and confirmed that cognitive dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia involves abnormal SOD levels and GM changes.
Topics: Humans; Schizophrenia; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Male; Female; Oxidative Stress; Adult; Pilot Projects; China; Cognitive Dysfunction; Superoxide Dismutase; Middle Aged; Young Adult; Machine Learning
PubMed: 38643725
DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.03.053 -
Journal of Periodontal Research Dec 2021Vegetarian diets are known to reduce inflammation. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that reduced inflammation associated with a vegetarian diet... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Vegetarian diets are known to reduce inflammation. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that reduced inflammation associated with a vegetarian diet would promote a more commensal subgingival bacterial profile.
METHODS
A total of 39 periodontally healthy subjects (PD ≤3 mm, bleeding on probing <10%) were enrolled. Dietary intake was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire. A comprehensive periodontal examination was performed. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and subgingival plaque samples were collected. GCF samples were assessed for interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-10. Plaque samples were analyzed for bacteria using 16S rDNA sequencing on an Illumina platform. GenBank database was used for taxonomy classification.
RESULTS
Twenty-three subjects were categorized as vegetarian and 16 non-vegetarians. Clinical periodontal measures and GCF cytokine levels were statistically comparable between the two groups. Measures of microbial richness and alpha diversity were also comparable between the two dietary groups. Vegetarians harbored higher levels of phyla associated with gingival health (Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria). Two species known to be associated with periodontitis (Mogibacterium timidum and Veillonella rogosae) were prominent in non-vegetarians. Pearson's correlations between GCF inflammatory cytokines and microbial taxa differed between vegetarians and non-vegetarians. In vegetarians, the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 positively correlated with two species known to be associated with periodontal health (Peptidiphaga sp. HMT183 and Rothia aeria).
CONCLUSIONS
Diet is directly and indirectly associated with the microbial composition of subgingival plaque. A vegetarian diet may promote a subgingival microbiota associated with periodontal health.
Topics: Clostridiales; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cytokines; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Humans; Microbiota; Micrococcaceae; Vegetarians; Veillonella
PubMed: 34449089
DOI: 10.1111/jre.12922