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International Journal of Biological... Dec 2023Wound dressings can be used to create a temporary healing environment and expedite the wound healing process. Ulvan (ULV) is a sulfated polysaccharide with potent...
Wound dressings can be used to create a temporary healing environment and expedite the wound healing process. Ulvan (ULV) is a sulfated polysaccharide with potent antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities. Polycaprolactone (PCL) is a hydrophobic biodegradable polyester that exhibits slow degradation, strong mechanical strength, and excellent biocompatibility. Electrospun nanofiber matrices mimic the microstructure of the extracellular matrix, allowing them to promote cell proliferation and differentiation. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to fabricate a polycaprolactone-ulvan fibrous composite mat (PCL-ULV) using the electrospinning technique and to investigate its physical and chemical properties. To assess the characteristics of PCL-ULV, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was utilized to examine its morphology and diameter distribution. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, calcofluor white staining, and monosaccharide analysis were employed to analyze the components of PCL-ULV. Additionally, the water contact angle was measured to evaluate the hydrophilicity. Furthermore, the proliferation and morphology of and gene expression in NIH3T3 fibroblasts on PCL-ULV were assessed. The results showed that the average PCL-ULV fiber diameter was significantly smaller than that of the PCL fibers. The water contact angle measurements indicated that PCL-ULV exhibited better hydrophilicity than the PCL mat. FTIR, calcofluor white staining, and monosaccharide analyses demonstrated that ULV could be successfully coelectrospun with PCL. NIH3T3 fibroblasts cultured on PCL and PCL-ULV showed different cellular behaviors. On PCL-ULV, cell adhesion, proliferation, and stretching were greater than those on PCL. Moreover, the behavior of NIH3T3 fibroblasts on PCL and PCL-ULV differed, as the cells on PCL-ULV exhibited higher proliferation and more stretching. Furthermore, NIH3T3 fibroblasts cultured on ULV-PCL showed higher α-SMA and MMP-9 gene expression and a lower ratio of TIMP-1/MMP-9 than those cultured on PCL. Notably, scarless wounds display lower TIMP/MMP expression ratios than scarring wounds. Thus, the fibrous composite mat PCL-ULV shows potential as a wound dressing for scarless wound healing.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; NIH 3T3 Cells; Nanofibers; Polyesters; Polysaccharides; Bandages; Water; Monosaccharides
PubMed: 37659492
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126646 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Oct 2023Long-acting and specific targeting are two important properties of excellent drug delivery systems. Currently, the long-acting strategies based on polyethylene glycol... (Review)
Review
Long-acting and specific targeting are two important properties of excellent drug delivery systems. Currently, the long-acting strategies based on polyethylene glycol (PEG) are controversial, and PEGylation is incapable of simultaneously possessing targeting ability. Thus, it is crucial to identify and develop approaches to produce long-acting and targeted drug delivery systems. Sialic acid (SA) is an endogenous, negatively charged, nine-carbon monosaccharide. SA not only mediates immune escape in the body but also binds to numerous disease related targets. This suggests a potential strategy, namely "sialylation," for preparing long-acting and targeted drug delivery systems. This review focuses on the application status of SA-based long-acting and targeted agents as a reference for subsequent research.
Topics: Carbon; Drug Delivery Systems; Monosaccharides; N-Acetylneuraminic Acid; Polyethylene Glycols
PubMed: 37611437
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115353 -
Fitoterapia Jan 2024Polysaccharides primarily composed of glucose, arabinose, rhamnose, xylose, and galactose are pharmacologically active ingredients in Lilium. The pharmacological... (Review)
Review
Polysaccharides primarily composed of glucose, arabinose, rhamnose, xylose, and galactose are pharmacologically active ingredients in Lilium. The pharmacological activities shown by polysaccharides from Lilium include antioxidant, anti-tumor, immunomodulatory, hypoglycemic, bacteriostatic, and radiation protection effects. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the distribution of Lilium medicinal resources in China, current extraction and purification methods of Lilium polysaccharide (LP), the strategies used for analyzing the polysaccharide structure and monosaccharide composition in LP, and the pharmacological activities and structural modification of LP. This review provides a basis for the development and clinical application of LP along with the conservation and utilization of Lilium resources.
Topics: Lilium; Molecular Structure; Monosaccharides; Antioxidants; Polysaccharides
PubMed: 38030097
DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105760 -
Chemical Reviews Oct 2022Fluorinated carbohydrates have found many applications in the glycosciences. Typically, these contain fluorination at a single position. There are not many applications... (Review)
Review
Fluorinated carbohydrates have found many applications in the glycosciences. Typically, these contain fluorination at a single position. There are not many applications involving polyfluorinated carbohydrates, here defined as monosaccharides in which more than one carbon has at least one fluorine substituent directly attached to it, with the notable exception of their use as mechanism-based inhibitors. The increasing attention to carbohydrate physical properties, especially around lipophilicity, has resulted in a surge of interest for this class of compounds. This review covers the considerable body of work toward the synthesis of polyfluorinated hexoses, pentoses, ketosugars, and aminosugars including sialic acids and nucleosides. An overview of the current state of the art of their glycosidation is also provided.
Topics: Fluorine; Carbohydrates; Hexoses; Pentoses; Monosaccharides; Nucleosides; Sialic Acids; Carbon
PubMed: 35613331
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00086 -
Critical Reviews in Biotechnology Feb 2021Sugar nucleotides are the principal building blocks for the synthesis of most complex carbohydrates and are crucial intermediates in carbohydrate metabolism. Uridine... (Review)
Review
Sugar nucleotides are the principal building blocks for the synthesis of most complex carbohydrates and are crucial intermediates in carbohydrate metabolism. Uridine diphosphate (UDP) monosaccharides are among the most common sugar nucleotide donors and are transferred to glycosyl acceptors by glycosyltransferases or synthases in glycan biosynthetic pathways. These natural nucleotide donors have great biological importance, however, the synthesis and application of unnatural sugar nucleotides that are not available from biosynthesis are not well explored. In this review, we summarize the progress in the preparation of unnatural sugar nucleotides, in particular, the widely studied UDP-GlcNAc/GalNAc analogs. We focus on the "two-block" synthetic pathway that is initiated from monosaccharides, in which the first block is the synthesis of sugar-1-phosphate and the second block is the diphosphate bond formation. The biotechnological applications of these unnatural sugar nucleotides showing their physiological and pharmacological potential are discussed.
Topics: Biotechnology; Monosaccharides; Nucleotides; Polysaccharides; Sugars
PubMed: 33153306
DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1844623 -
Glycoconjugate Journal Aug 2023Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA) is one of the well known plant lectins that are widely used in clinical serology to differentiate human blood group A and A...
Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA) is one of the well known plant lectins that are widely used in clinical serology to differentiate human blood group A and A erythrocytes and also applied to glycobiology. However, the knowledge of recognition factors of polyvalent (super) glycotopes in glycans and the roles of functional group and epimer in monosaccharide (sub-monosaccharide recognition factor) have not been well established. The size and shape of the recognition (combining) site of DBA has not been clearly defined. In this study, many importnat recognition factors of DBA-glycan binding were characterized by our established enzyme-linked lectinosorbent (ELLSA) and inhibition assays. The results of these assays showed that the intensity profile of the recognition factors for the major combining site of DBA was expressed by Mass relative potency (Mass R.P.) and shown by decreasing order of high density of polyvalent GalNAcα1 → (super glycotopes, 3.7 × 10) >> the corresponding β anomers >> monomeric GalNAcα1 → related glycotopes (GalNAc as 1.0) >> their GalNAc β-anomers >> Gal (absence of NHCHCO at carbon-2 of GAlNAc) and GlcNAc (different epimer of Carbon-4 in GalNAc). From the all data available, it is proposed that the combining site of DBA should consist of a small cavity shape as major site and most complementary to monomeric GalNAcα → located at both terminal reducing end (Tn) and nonreducing end of glycan chains, and with a wide and broad area as subsite to accomodate from mono- to tetra-saccharides (GalNAcβ, Galβ1 → 3/4GlcNAc, lFuc1 → 2Galβ1 → 3/4GlcNAc, GalNAcβ1 → 3Galα1 → 4Galβ1 → 4Glc) at the nonreducing side. In this study, it has provided the most (comprehensive) recognition knowledge of DBA-glycan interactions at the factors of glycotope, super glycotope/sub-monosaccharide levels. Thus, it should expand and upgrade the conventional concept of the combining (recognition) site of DBA since 1980s.
Topics: Humans; Lectins; Glycoproteins; Plant Lectins; Polysaccharides; Monosaccharides; Binding Sites
PubMed: 37266898
DOI: 10.1007/s10719-023-10118-7 -
Carbohydrate Research Jul 2024The physicochemical properties and biological activities of polysaccharides depend on their structures. Monosaccharide composition analysis is indispensable for the...
The physicochemical properties and biological activities of polysaccharides depend on their structures. Monosaccharide composition analysis is indispensable for the structural characterization of polysaccharides and is helpful in the quality control of polysaccharide preparation. Here, using a model mixture and tamarind seed polysaccharide as examples, we demonstrated that a quantitative 2D NMR method, gsHSQC (three gradient-selective Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence spectra acquired with incremented repetition times, i = 1, 2, 3) can directly quantify a variety of monosaccharides in solution with adequate precision and accuracy, requiring no derivatization, postprocessing steps and column separation. Both anomeric and non-anomeric signals of monosaccharides can be utilized for content determination. More accurate quantification of fructose in a mixture containing nine monosaccharides is obtained, which is difficult to achieve by quantitative 1D HNMR and the common PMP-HPLC method (high-performance liquid chromatography through pre-column derivatization with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone) due to the peak overlapping and the poor derivatization efficiency, respectively. The results also revealed that Na[Fe(EDTA)] can serve as a proper relaxation-enhancing agent for saccharide samples to save experimental time. We expect that this approach can be applied as an alternative to analyzing the monosaccharide composition and be helpful in interpreting the structure of polysaccharides.
Topics: Monosaccharides; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Polysaccharides
PubMed: 38833821
DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109168 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2019Xylan, a prominent component of cellulosic biomass, has a high potential for degradation into reducing sugars, and subsequent conversion into bioethanol. This process... (Review)
Review
Xylan, a prominent component of cellulosic biomass, has a high potential for degradation into reducing sugars, and subsequent conversion into bioethanol. This process requires a range of xylanolytic enzymes. Among them, β-xylosidases are crucial, because they hydrolyze more glycosidic bonds than any of the other xylanolytic enzymes. They also enhance the efficiency of the process by degrading xylooligosaccharides, which are potent inhibitors of other hemicellulose-/xylan-converting enzymes. On the other hand, the β-xylosidase itself is also inhibited by monosaccharides that may be generated in high concentrations during the saccharification process. Structurally, β-xylosidases are diverse enzymes with different substrate specificities and enzyme mechanisms. Here, we review the structural diversity and catalytic mechanisms of β-xylosidases, and discuss their inhibition by monosaccharides.
Topics: Biocatalysis; Catalytic Domain; Models, Molecular; Monosaccharides; Xylans; Xylosidases
PubMed: 31698702
DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225524 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2022PMP-HPLC, FT-IR, and HPSEC fingerprints of 10 batches of polysaccharides from with different production areas and harvest times have been prepared, and the chemometrics...
PMP-HPLC, FT-IR, and HPSEC fingerprints of 10 batches of polysaccharides from with different production areas and harvest times have been prepared, and the chemometrics analysis was performed. The anti-allergic activity of 10 batches of polysaccharide (SP) was evaluated, and the spectrum-effect relationship of the 10 batches of SP was analyzed by gray correlation degree with the chromatographic fingerprint as the independent variable. The results showed that the PMP-HPLC, HPSEC, and FT-IR fingerprints of 10 batches of SP had a high similarity. Two monosaccharides (rhamnose and galactose), the polysaccharide fragment Mn = 8.67 × 10~9.56 × 10 Da, and the FT-IR absorption peak of 892 cm can be used as the quality control markers of SPs. All 10 batches of SP could significantly inhibit the release of β-HEX in RBL-231 cells, and the polysaccharides harvested from Inner Mongolia in the winter had the best anti-allergic activity. The spectrum-effect relationship model showed that the monosaccharide composition and molecular weight were related to the anti-allergic activity of the SPs. Multiple fingerprints combined with spectrum-effect relationship analysis can evaluate and control the quality of SPs from the aspects of overall quality and efficacy, which has more application value.
Topics: Anti-Allergic Agents; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Monosaccharides; Plant Roots; Polysaccharides; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
PubMed: 36014516
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165278 -
International Journal of Biological... Jul 2019Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are metabolites of probiotics that have gained wide interest recently. A strain of Lactobacillus reuteri Mh-001 with high exopolysaccharide...
Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are metabolites of probiotics that have gained wide interest recently. A strain of Lactobacillus reuteri Mh-001 with high exopolysaccharide (EPS) production ability was isolated, identified, and were used to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of the EPSs. Among the three unpurified EPSs, RAW246.7 murine macrophages treated with 5 ppm of EPS 1 revealed the lowest tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) secretion (325.32 ± 51.10 pg/ug DNA). The second lowest TNF- α secretion occurred with EPS 2 (701.12 ± 86.108 pg/ug DNA) from Mh-002. EPSs 4, 5, and 6 were further purified from EPS 1. Cells treated with 1 ppm of EPS 4 had the lowest TNF-α secretion of all (209.20 ± 84.34 pg/ug DNA). The monosaccharide components, EPS 4 and EPS 1, had the highest galactose content (45 ± 2.75% and 39 ± 2.75%, respectively). The monosaccharide percentages (galactose > rhamnose > glucose) were related to the anti-inflammatory activity of the EPSs. The galactose content of EPSs enhanced their anti-inflammatory effects on the macrophages. These data indicate that EPS possesses beneficial physiological effects such as anti-inflammatory properties, and the monosaccharide content of the EPS was the factor influencing the anti-inflammatory properties.
Topics: Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hydrolysis; Immunologic Factors; Mice; Monosaccharides; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Probiotics; RAW 264.7 Cells; Structure-Activity Relationship; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 31004639
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.109