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International Journal of Biological... Dec 2022An acidic polysaccharide (PMHP-3) obtained from the Mentha haplocalyx was structurally characterized, and in vitro simulated digestion and fermentation were...
An acidic polysaccharide (PMHP-3) obtained from the Mentha haplocalyx was structurally characterized, and in vitro simulated digestion and fermentation were investigated. PMHP-3 was mainly composed of mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with molecular weight of 21.82 kDa. After digestion in saliva and simulated gastric juice, the molecular weight, reducing sugar, total sugar and uronic acid contents of PMHP-3 did not change significantly (p > 0.05). After digestion in simulated intestinal juice, the molecular weight and uronic acid content of PMHP-3 did not change significantly, and there was no free monosaccharide production, but the total sugar and reducing sugar contents slightly decreased. During fermentation, the molecular weight, carbohydrate residue and free monosaccharides of PMHP-3 were decreased, suggesting that PMHP-3 could be degraded by microorganism and metabolized into a variety the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as acetic, propionic. Meanwhile, PMHP-3 modulated the gut microbiota by reducing the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, promoting the proliferation of beneficial bacteria such as Bacteroidaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae, and inhibiting harmful bacteria such as Lachnospiraceae and Enterobacteriaceae. These results indicate that PMHP-3 is beneficial to the gut health and can be developed as a potential prebiotic to prevent diseases by improving intestinal health.
Topics: Fermentation; Digestion; Mentha; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Polysaccharides; Monosaccharides
PubMed: 36150573
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.168 -
Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science... Mar 2022A diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) is a promising therapeutic approach to reduce gastrointestinal symptoms... (Review)
Review
A diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) is a promising therapeutic approach to reduce gastrointestinal symptoms associated with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, a shift toward a more sustainable, healthy diet with higher inclusion of whole-grain cereals (i.e., wheat, rye, barley) and pulses, naturally rich in FODMAPs, poses a severe challenge for susceptible individuals. Dietary restriction of fermentable carbohydrates (commonly called the "low FODMAP diet") has received significant consideration. Hence, the development of functional low FODMAP products is emerging in food science and the food industry. In this review, we evaluate the most promising yet neglected (bio)-technological strategies adopted for modulating the FODMAP contents in complex food systems and the extent of their uptake in the global food market. We extensively investigated the global low FODMAP market, contrasted with the status quo in food science and discussed the key principles and concomitant challenges of targeted FODMAP reduction strategies. Powerful tools are available which are based either on the use of ingredients where FODMAPs have been physically removed (e.g., by membrane filtration) or biotechnologically reduced during the food processing, mediated by added enzymes, microbial enzymes during a fermentation process, and seed endogenous enzymes. However, <10% of the small market of functional products with a low FODMAP claim (total ∼800 products) used any of the targeted FODMAP reduction techniques. The global market is currently dominated by gluten-free products, which are naturally low in FODMAPs and characterized by inferior sensory attributes.
Topics: Diet; Disaccharides; Humans; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Monosaccharides; Oligosaccharides
PubMed: 35122383
DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12903 -
Plant Foods For Human Nutrition... Mar 2023The structural characteristics, rheological properties, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Zingiber officinale polysaccharides (ZOP) and ZOP-1 were studied....
The structural characteristics, rheological properties, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Zingiber officinale polysaccharides (ZOP) and ZOP-1 were studied. The total soluble sugar contents of ZOP and ZOP-1 were 78.6 ± 0.6 and 79.4 ± 0.4%, respectively. Compared with ZOP, ZOP-1 had a larger molecular weight and a more uniform distribution. There were also some differences in the monosaccharide composition between ZOP and ZOP-1. The main monosaccharide of ZOP and ZOP-1 was glucose (Glc) and galactose (Gal), respectively. Ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) results showed that the two polysaccharides had the characteristic absorption peaks of polysaccharides and did not contain nucleic acid and protein. They had good thermal stability, trihelix structure and amorphous sheet structure. ZOP and ZOP-1 had obvious differences in microstructure. The surface of ZOP was smooth and the broken structure was compact and stable with angular shape, while the surface of ZOP-1 was uneven with spiral accumulation and not closely arranged. Moreover, ZOP and ZOP-1 were polysaccharides molecular polymers which were entangled by van der waals' force (VDW) between polysaccharides molecules and hydrogen bond association between sugar chains, and both contain α pyranose. At different concentrations, temperature, pH and salt ion concentrations, both ZOP and ZOP-1 had the properties of non-Newtonian fluids, showed shear dilution phenomenon, which had the potential as a texture modifier or thickener in food or biomedicine. Compared with ZOP, ZOP-1 showed superior antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in vitro.
Topics: Antioxidants; Zingiber officinale; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Polysaccharides; Monosaccharides
PubMed: 36437417
DOI: 10.1007/s11130-022-01033-7 -
Microbiological Research Sep 2023Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) synthesized by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have implications for host health and act as food ingredients. Due to the variability of LAB-EPS... (Review)
Review
Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) synthesized by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have implications for host health and act as food ingredients. Due to the variability of LAB-EPS (lactic acid bacteria-derived exopolysaccharide) gene clusters, especially the glycosyltransferase genes that determine monosaccharide composition, the structure of EPS is very rich. EPSs are synthesized by LAB through the extracellular synthesis pathway and the Wzx/Wzy-dependent pathway. LAB-EPS has a strong immunomodulatory ability. The EPSs produced by different genera of LAB, especially Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, and Streptococcus, have different immunomodulatory abilities because of their specific structures. LAB-EPS possesses other health effects, including antitumor, antioxidant, intestinal barrier repair, antimicrobial, antiviral, and cholesterol-lowering activities. The bioactivities of LAB-EPS are tightly related to their structures such us monosaccharide composition, glycosidic bonds, and molecular weight (MW). For the excellent physicochemical property, LAB-EPS acts as product improvers in dairy, bakery food, and meat in terms of stability, emulsification, thickening, and gelling. We systematically summarize the detailed process of EPS from synthesis to application, with emphasis on physiological mechanisms of EPS, and specific structure-function relationship, which provides theoretical support for the potential commercial value in the pharmaceutical, chemical, food, and cosmetic industries.
Topics: Lactobacillales; Lactobacillus; Fermentation; Monosaccharides; Structure-Activity Relationship; Polysaccharides, Bacterial
PubMed: 37320895
DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127432 -
Journal of Proteome Research May 2022The characteristics of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) cohering various function effectors show great expectation in therapy. Glycosylation, one of the common...
The characteristics of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) cohering various function effectors show great expectation in therapy. Glycosylation, one of the common post-translational modifications, deeply influences cohesion. It is necessary to grasp monosaccharide composition/sequence and glycan structures in mAbs. There has been comprehensive mass spectrometry characterization of glycosylation of mAbs, and monosaccharide compositions are deduced according to known biosynthetic rules. Our recently developed intact glycopeptide search engine GPSeeker has made structure-specific characterization of glycosylation possible with structure-diagnostic fragment ions from selective fragmentation of glycan moieties. Here, we report our structure-specific glycoproteomics characterization of NIST monoclonal antibody reference material 8671 using GPSeeker, and 59 glycan structures (including 16 pairs of isomers) are characterized.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Glycopeptides; Monosaccharides; Polysaccharides; Proteomics; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 35349291
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00027 -
Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry Feb 2020Ionic polysaccharides are part of many biological events, but lack structural characterisation due to challenging purifications and complex synthesis. Four...
Ionic polysaccharides are part of many biological events, but lack structural characterisation due to challenging purifications and complex synthesis. Four monosaccharides bearing modifications not found in nature are used for the automated synthesis of a collection of ionic oligosaccharides. Structural analysis reveals how the charge pattern affects glycan conformation.
Topics: Automation; Ions; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Molecular Structure; Monosaccharides; Oligosaccharides
PubMed: 32037424
DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00137f -
Bioconjugate Chemistry Aug 2022Methylcyclopropene (Cyoc)-tagged tetra-acetylated monosaccharides, and in particular mannosamine derivatives, are promising tools for medical imaging of cancer using...
Methylcyclopropene (Cyoc)-tagged tetra-acetylated monosaccharides, and in particular mannosamine derivatives, are promising tools for medical imaging of cancer using metabolic oligosaccharide engineering and the extremely fast inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder bioorthogonal reaction. However, the potential of these monosaccharide derivatives has yet to be fully explored due to their low aqueous solubility. To address this issue, we sought to vary the extent of acetylation of Cyoc-tagged monosaccharides and probe its effect on the extent of glycan labeling in various cancer cell lines. We demonstrate that, in the case of AcManNCyoc, tri- and diacetylated derivatives generated significantly enhanced cell labeling compared to the tetra-acetylated monosaccharide. In contrast, for the more readily soluble azide-tagged sugars, a decrease in acetylation led to decreased glycan labeling. AcManNCyoc gave better labeling than the azido-tagged AcManNAz and has significant potential for and imaging of glycosylated cancer biomarkers.
Topics: Acetylation; Monosaccharides; Neoplasms; Polysaccharides; Staining and Labeling
PubMed: 35876696
DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00169 -
Food Chemistry Jan 2022Macrolepiota albuminosa (Berk.) Pegler is abundant in active polysaccharides, but little is known about their structures and solution properties. In this study,...
Macrolepiota albuminosa (Berk.) Pegler is abundant in active polysaccharides, but little is known about their structures and solution properties. In this study, water-extracted polysaccharides from M. albuminosa (MAWP) were purified into three fractions with structural heterogeneity, which was attributed to the diversity in molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and linkage patterns, further affecting their solution properties. Methylation and NMR analysis revealed MAWP-60p and MAWP-70 were a 3-O-methylated glucomannogalactan and a previously unreported glucomannogalactan, whereas MAWP-80 was elucidated as a branched galactoglucan. Besides, three fractions exhibited random coil conformation in aqueous solution, while MAWP-60p had the highest viscosity due to its highest molecular weight, mean square radius of gyration (R) and O-methyl group attached to the backbone. The molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and glycosidic linkages might be the major contributors to the flexibility, molecular size and stereochemistry of mushroom polysaccharide chains.
Topics: Agaricales; Dietary Carbohydrates; Molecular Weight; Monosaccharides; Polysaccharides; Viscosity
PubMed: 34399182
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130772 -
Plant Foods For Human Nutrition... Jun 2022Various functional components in tea have been well developed, but less research has been explored on glycoproteins in tea. In this paper, three types of glycoprotein...
Various functional components in tea have been well developed, but less research has been explored on glycoproteins in tea. In this paper, three types of glycoprotein fractions, namely tea selenium-binding glycoprotein1-1 (TSBGP1-1), TSBGP2-1, and TSBGP3-1, respectively, were extracted and purified from selenium-enriched coarse green tea. Chemical analysis revealed that three fractions were glycoproteins, but their selenium content, molecular weight, and monosaccharide composition were significantly different. Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR) analysis indicated that three fractions contained characteristic absorption peaks of glycoproteins but differed in secondary structural composition. Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis showed that the thermal stability of the three fractions was dramatically distinct. The in vitro hypoglycemic activity showed that TSBGPs significantly activated the insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway in LO2 cells, then enhanced glucose metabolism and inhibited gluconeogenesis, and finally ameliorated insulin resistance (IR) and glucose metabolism disorders. Furthermore, Pearson correlation analysis reveals that the hypoglycemic activity was significantly correlated with Se, protein, monosaccharide composition (especially glucose), molecular weight, and secondary structure. Our results show that Se-enriched tea glycoprotein is a desirable candidate for developing anti-diabetic food, and TSBGP-2 and TSBGP-3 had a better regulation effect. Our results can provide a research reference for the extraction, physicochemical property, and function of selenium-enriched plant glycoproteins.
Topics: Glycoproteins; Hypoglycemic Agents; Monosaccharides; Selenium; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Tea
PubMed: 35612700
DOI: 10.1007/s11130-022-00975-2 -
Bioresource Technology Sep 2021Thermosynechococcus sp. CL-1 (TCL-1), a thermophilic cyanobacterium from a hot spring in Taiwan, has been known of its efficiency in CO fixation, byproducts production...
Thermosynechococcus sp. CL-1 (TCL-1), a thermophilic cyanobacterium from a hot spring in Taiwan, has been known of its efficiency in CO fixation, byproducts production (pigments, macromolecules). This study observed the performance of TCL-1 in CO fixation, estrogen degradation, and monosaccharide production under various levels of Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen (DIN) and 17β-estradiol (E2) as nitrogen supply and estrogen addition. Under nitrogen starvation, TCL-1 performed similar results on CO fixation rate and biomass production but enhanced the monosaccharide production compared to the cases of high nitrogen supply. The highest CO fixation rate and glucose productivity reached to 151.8 ± 6.6 and 38.1 ± 0.9 mg/L/h, under DIN level of 0.58 mM and 0.5 mg/L E2. Adding E2 in the system did not inhibit the performance of TCL-1. During the cultivation, TCL-1 converted E2 into E1 and the biodegradation was the main path for estrogen degradation. Total E2 degradation reached to 69.4 ± 2.0%.
Topics: Carbon Dioxide; Estradiol; Estrogens; Monosaccharides; Nitrogen; Taiwan; Thermosynechococcus
PubMed: 34044240
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125313