-
Archives de Pediatrie : Organe Officiel... May 2021Moraxella osloensis has been reported in the literature as a human pathogen, particularly among immunocompromised adults. In contrast to the adult population, most... (Review)
Review
Moraxella osloensis has been reported in the literature as a human pathogen, particularly among immunocompromised adults. In contrast to the adult population, most pediatric cases are among patients with no underlying immunological defect; however, no patient underwent further investigation and no data about the long-term follow-up are available. We report the case of a 2-month-old previously healthy girl infected with Moraxella osloensis. Here, we review case reports and case series of children and adults with Moraxella osloensis infection and compare them with our experience. On the basis of our findings, we recommend further investigations (immunological or other underlying diseases) when a child is found to be infected with these bacteria.
Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Cefotaxime; Female; Fever; Humans; Infant; Moraxella; Moraxellaceae Infections; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 33858729
DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2021.03.003 -
Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy :... Dec 2019A-26-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with diffuse abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. He had a history of malignant nephrosclerosis, for which he had been... (Review)
Review
A-26-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with diffuse abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. He had a history of malignant nephrosclerosis, for which he had been receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD) for the past 14 months. His PD effluent was cloudy and turbid (white blood cell count, 10,528/μL; neutrophils 95.2%). A Gram-negative coccobacillus was isolated from peritoneal fluid culture. However, the organism could not be identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) (Vitek MS, bioMérieux), but was identified as Moraxella osloensis by the 16S rRNA gene sequencing. He was successfully treated with intraperitoneal cefazolin therapy for 3 weeks without removing the intra-abdominal catheter. A literature review revealed three previous case reports all of which were diagnosed by MALDI Biotyper (Bruker Daltonics), suggesting that the identification of M. osloensis may vary depending on the type of MALDI-TOF MS system. In conclusion, we experienced a case of M. osloensis infection in a PD patient, which was successfully treated by antibiotic treatment, without removing the PD catheter.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Catheter-Related Infections; Catheters; Cefazolin; DNA, Bacterial; Humans; Male; Moraxella; Moraxellaceae Infections; Nephrosclerosis; Peritoneal Dialysis; Peritonitis; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31196771
DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2019.05.018 -
Clinical Laboratory Jan 2021Moraxella osloensis rarely causes infection in humans, and most of the reported cases are not fatal. It is often difficult to identify M. osloensis using conventional... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Moraxella osloensis rarely causes infection in humans, and most of the reported cases are not fatal. It is often difficult to identify M. osloensis using conventional biochemical methods.
METHODS
Here, we report a bacteremia case caused by M. osloensis in a patient with advanced lung cancer who initially presented symptoms of fever.
RESULTS
Blood culture revealed growth of a gram-negative bacterium, which was identified as M. osloensis through 16S rRNA gene sequencing and MALDI-TOF analyses. The patient could not recover from sepsis with empirical treatment.
CONCLUSIONS
As M. osloensis can cause serious infections in immunocompromised patients, its prompt identification is important.
Topics: Bacteremia; Fatal Outcome; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Moraxella; Moraxellaceae Infections; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 33491414
DOI: 10.7754/Clin.Lab.2020.200459 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Sep 2022A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, coccus-shaped bacteria, designated ZY201115, was isolated from the nasal cavity of a sheep with respiratory disease in Yunnan...
A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, coccus-shaped bacteria, designated ZY201115, was isolated from the nasal cavity of a sheep with respiratory disease in Yunnan Province, south-west China, and its taxonomic affiliation was studied by applying a polyphasic approach. The strain grew at 18-41 °C (optimum, 37 °C), at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 8.0) and in 0.5-3.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1.0 % NaCl). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain is affiliated to the genus with highest similarity to ATCC 10900 (96.6 %). Phylogenomic analysis based on 811 single-copy genes also indicated that the strain represents a novel species in the genus and formed a deep and separated clade with NCTC 10293. The highest genomic orthologous average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between the strain and the type strains in the genus were 73.7% ( NCTC 10293) and 25.3% ( CCUG 350), respectively. The G+C content of the complete genome sequence was 42.1 mol%. The predominant fatty acids (>5 %) were C ω9, C ω8, C3OH and summed feature 3 (C ω7 and/or C ω6). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, cardiolipin, monolysocardiolipin, phosphatidylethanolamine and hemibismonoacylglycerophosphate. The major respiratory quinone was CoQ-8. On the basis of the results of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterizations, strain ZY201115 clearly represents a novel species of the genus , for which the name sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ZY201115 (=CCTCC AB 2021473=CCUG 75922).
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Moraxella; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sheep; Sodium Chloride; Ubiquinone
PubMed: 36067072
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005511 -
Archives of Microbiology Jun 2022A novel aerobic bacterium, strain PS-22 of the genus Moraxella, was isolated from the skin of freshwater pufferfish (Tetraodon cutcutia). Cells were Gram stain negative,...
A novel aerobic bacterium, strain PS-22 of the genus Moraxella, was isolated from the skin of freshwater pufferfish (Tetraodon cutcutia). Cells were Gram stain negative, aerobic, non-motile, and coccoid. Optimum growth occurred at 28-30 °C and pH 6.5-7.5. The major cellular fatty acids were C ω9c, C, C, and C anteiso. The predominant polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phospholipid, amino lipid, and seven unknown lipids. The genome size is 2.68 Mbp, and the DNA G + C content was 43.3%. A gene ontology study revealed that the major fraction of genes were associated with biological processes (46.81%), followed by molecular function (34.27%) and cellular components (18.8%). Comparisons of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed 99.11-90% sequence similarity with the closely related type strains of the genus Moraxella. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and average amino acid identity (AAI) of strain PS-22 with reference type strains of the genus Moraxella were below 95-96%, and the corresponding in silico DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) values were below 70%. A phylogenetic tree based on genome-wide core genes and 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain PS-22 clustered with Moraxella osloensis CCUG350 in both the phylogenetic trees. Genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of strain PS-22 represent a novel species for which Moraxella tetraodonis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PS-22 (= TBRC 15232 = NBRC 115236).
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Fresh Water; Moraxella; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Tetraodontiformes
PubMed: 35699830
DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03013-6 -
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology... Sep 2023Imbalance of the skin microbial community could impair skin immune homeostasis and thus trigger skin lesions. Dysbiosis of skin microbiome may be involved in the early...
CONTEXT
Imbalance of the skin microbial community could impair skin immune homeostasis and thus trigger skin lesions. Dysbiosis of skin microbiome may be involved in the early pathogenesis of diabetic foot (DF). However, the potential mechanism remains unclear.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the dynamic composition and function of the foot skin microbiome with risk stratification for DF and assess whether dysbiosis of the skin microbiome induces diabetic skin lesions.
METHODS
We enrolled 90 consecutive subjects who were divided into 5 groups based on DF risk stratification: very low, low, moderate, and high risk for ulcers and a healthy control group. Integrated analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA and metagenomic sequencing of cotton swab samples was applied to identify the foot skin microbiome composition and functions in subjects. Then a mouse model of microbiota transplantation was used to evaluate the effects of the skin microbiome on diabetic skin lesions.
RESULTS
The results demonstrated that, with the progression of diabetic complications, the proportion of gram-negative bacteria in plantar skin increased. At the species level, metagenome sequencing analyses showed Moraxella osloensis to be a representative core strain in the high-risk group. The major microbial metabolites affecting diabetic skin lesions were increased amino acid metabolites, and antibiotic resistance genes in microorganisms were abundant. Skin microbiota from high-risk patients induced more inflammatory cell infiltration, similar to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated response, which was inhibited by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) antagonists.
CONCLUSIONS
The skin microbiome in patients with diabetes undergoes dynamic changes at taxonomic and functional levels with the progression of diabetic complications. The increase in gram-negative bacteria on the skin surface through LPS-TLR4 signal transduction could induce inflammatory response in early diabetic skin lesions.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Humans; Diabetic Foot; Lipopolysaccharides; Toll-Like Receptor 4; Dysbiosis; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Risk Factors; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Diabetes Mellitus
PubMed: 36974462
DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad178 -
Microbiology Spectrum Apr 2022The gold standard for confirming bacterial infections is culture-positive, which has a long sample-to-result turnaround time and poor sensitivity for unculturable and...
The gold standard for confirming bacterial infections is culture-positive, which has a long sample-to-result turnaround time and poor sensitivity for unculturable and fastidious pathogens; therefore, it is hard to guide early, targeted antimicrobial therapy and reduce overuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Nanopore targeted sequencing (NTS) is reported to be advantageous in detection speed and range over culture in prior published reports. However, investigation of the clinical performance of NTS is deficient at present. Thus, we assessed the feasibility of NTS for the first time with cohort and systematic comparisons with traditional culture assays and PCR followed by Sanger sequencing. This retrospective study was performed on 472 samples, including 6 specimen types from 436 patients, to evaluate the clinical performance of NTS designed for identifying the microbial composition of various infections. Of these samples, 86.7% were found to be NTS positive, which was significantly higher than culture-positive (26.7%). A total of 425 significant human opportunistic bacteria and fungi detected by NTS were selected to go through validation with PCR followed by Sanger sequencing. The average accuracy rate was 85.2% (maximum 100% created by Cryptococcus neoformans, the last one 66.7% provided by both Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Moraxella osloensis, minimum 0% produced by Burkholderia cepacia). The accuracy rate also varied with sample type; the highest accuracy rate was found in pleural and ascites fluid (95.8%) followed by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (88.7%), urine (86.8%), and wound secretions (85.0%), while the lowest was present in cerebrospinal fluid (58.8%). NTS had a diagnostic sensitivity of 94.5% and specificity of 31.8%. The positive and negative predictive values of NTS were 79.9% and 66.7%, respectively. For diagnosis of infectious diseases, the sensitivity was greatly increased by 56.7% in NTS compared with culture (94.5% vs 37.8%). Therefore, NTS can accurately detect the causative pathogens in infectious samples, particularly in pleural and ascites fluid, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, urine, and wound secretions, with a short turnaround time of 8-14 h, and might innovatively contribute to personalizing antibiotic treatments for individuals with standardized protocols in clinical practices. Nanopore targeted sequencing (NTS) is reported to be advantageous in detection speed and range over culture in prior published reports. Investigation of the clinical performance of NTS is deficient at present. In our study, cohort and systematic comparisons among three assays (culture, NTS, and Sanger sequencing) were analyzed retrospectively for the first time. We found that NTS undoubtedly has incomparable advantages in accurately detecting the causative pathogens in infectious samples, particularly in pleural and ascites fluid, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, urine, and wound secretions, with a short turnaround time of 8-14 h. For sterile specimens like blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), the NTS outcomes should be validated using other nucleic acid based detection technology. Overall, NTS might innovatively contribute to guiding early, targeted antimicrobial therapy with lower cost and reduce overuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ascites; Communicable Diseases; Humans; Nanopores; Retrospective Studies; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 35352939
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00270-22 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Microenvironmental factors, including microbe-induced inflammation and immune-checkpoint proteins that modulate immune cells have been associated with both cervical...
BACKGROUND
Microenvironmental factors, including microbe-induced inflammation and immune-checkpoint proteins that modulate immune cells have been associated with both cervical insufficiency and preterm delivery. These factors are incompletely understood. This study aimed to explore and compare interactions among microbiome and inflammatory factors, such as cytokines and immune-checkpoint proteins, in patients with cervical insufficiency and preterm birth. In particular, factors related to predicting preterm birth were identified and the performance of the combination of these factors was evaluated.
METHODS
A total of 220 swab samples from 110 pregnant women, prospectively recruited at the High-Risk Maternal Neonatal Intensive Care Center, were collected between February 2020 and March 2021. This study included 63 patients with cervical insufficiency receiving cerclage and 47 control participants. Endo- and exocervical swabs and fluids were collected simultaneously. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing for the microbiome and the measurement of 34 immune-checkpoint proteins and inflammatory cytokines were performed.
RESULTS
First, we demonstrated that immune-checkpoint proteins, the key immune-regulatory molecules, could be measured in endocervical and exocervical samples. Secondly, we identified significantly different microenvironments in cervical insufficiency and preterm birth, with precise cervical locations, to provide information about practically useful cervical locations in clinical settings. Finally, the presence of (odds ratio = 14.785; P = 0.037) and chemokine CC motif ligand 2 levels higher than 73 pg/mL (odds ratio = 40.049; P = 0.005) in endocervical samples were associated with preterm birth. Combining and chemokine CC motif ligand 2 yielded excellent performance for predicting preterm birth (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.846, 95% confidence interval = 0.733-0.925).
CONCLUSION
Multiple relationships between microbiomes, immune-checkpoint proteins, and inflammatory cytokines in the cervical microenvironment were identified. We focus on these factors to aid in the comprehensive understanding and therapeutic modulation of local microbial and immunologic compositions for the management of cervical insufficiency and preterm birth.
Topics: Immune Checkpoint Proteins; Humans; Female; Pregnancy; Microbiota; Cytokines; Premature Birth; Cerclage, Cervical; Cervix Uteri; Prospective Studies; Uterine Cervical Incompetence
PubMed: 37554329
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1228647 -
Pain Practice : the Official Journal of... May 2024Facet joint septic arthritis (FJSA) is an uncommon cause of neck pain, most frequently occurring in the lumbosacral spine. Cervical facet joint septic arthritis is... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Facet joint septic arthritis (FJSA) is an uncommon cause of neck pain, most frequently occurring in the lumbosacral spine. Cervical facet joint septic arthritis is particularly rare. Symptoms typically include spinal or paraspinal pain and tenderness, with severe infections potentially causing neurological impairments. This condition can progress to discitis and osteomyelitis. High clinical suspicion is required for accurate diagnosis and timely treatment.
OBJECTIVE
To present the first known case of cervical spine FJSA caused by Moraxella species and provide an updated narrative review of cervical spine FJSA.
METHODS
A case study of a 66-year-old male with cervical spine FJSA caused by Moraxella osloensis is detailed. Additionally, a librarian-assisted literature search was conducted on MEDLINE Pubmed, filtering for adult human trials and including various study types, resulting in the inclusion of 9 relevant manuscripts.
RESULTS
The patient's symptoms included neck, right upper thoracic, and periscapular pain, with episodes of numbness and tingling. MRI revealed septic arthritis at the C7-T1 facet joint and associated osteomyelitis. Cultures identified Moraxella osloensis as the causative agent. The patient was successfully treated with antibiotics and experienced significant symptom improvement. Literature review highlights that Staphylococcus aureus is the most common causative agent of cervical FJSA, with diagnosis typically involving MRI and culture tests. Treatment generally includes long-term antibiotics, with some cases requiring surgical intervention.
CONCLUSIONS
This report underscores the need for high clinical suspicion in diagnosing FJSA and highlights the importance of early intervention. It documents the first known case of cervical spine FJSA caused by Moraxella osloensis, contributing valuable information to the limited literature on this rare condition.
PubMed: 38773681
DOI: 10.1111/papr.13380 -
Microbiology Resource Announcements Apr 2020We report the complete genome sequence of strain YV1, which was isolated from a wastewater treatment plant in Australia. The YV1 genome comprises a 2,615,801-bp...
We report the complete genome sequence of strain YV1, which was isolated from a wastewater treatment plant in Australia. The YV1 genome comprises a 2,615,801-bp chromosome and four plasmids. strain YV1 displays the distinctive morphology of Eikelboom morphotype 1863.
PubMed: 32273350
DOI: 10.1128/MRA.00030-20