-
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2023Microbiota are ecological communities of commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic microorganisms. The microbiome could be involved in kidney stone formation through... (Review)
Review
Microbiota are ecological communities of commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic microorganisms. The microbiome could be involved in kidney stone formation through hyperoxaluria and calcium oxalate supersaturation, biofilm formation and aggregation, and urothelial injury. Bacteria bind to calcium oxalate crystals, which causes pyelonephritis and leads to changes in nephrons to form Randall's plaque. The urinary tract microbiome, but not the gut microbiome, can be distinguished between cohorts with urinary stone disease (USD) and those without a history of the disease. In the urine microbiome, the role is known of urease-producing bacteria (, , , , , , and ) in stone formation. Calcium oxalate crystals were generated in the presence of two uropathogenic bacteria ( and . Non-uropathogenic bacteria ( and ) exhibit calcium oxalate lithogenic effects. The taxa and best distinguished the healthy cohort from the USD cohort, respectively. Standardization is needed in urine microbiome research for urolithiasis. Inadequate standardization and design of urinary microbiome research on urolithiasis have hampered the generalizability of results and diminished their impact on clinical practice.
PubMed: 36900094
DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13050951 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2021The bacterium can produce the biogenic amines (BA) cadaverine, putrescine, and histamine and is responsible for high histamine concentrations in fish products. These...
The bacterium can produce the biogenic amines (BA) cadaverine, putrescine, and histamine and is responsible for high histamine concentrations in fish products. These BA can have toxic effects upon ingestion and are undesired in food. The purpose of this study was to characterize the phenotype and genotype of 11 isolated from cheese in regard to the BA formation. In addition, we investigated the phylogeny, trehalose fermentation ability, and antibiotic resistance of the cheese isolates. To do so, we sequenced their genomes using both long and short read technologies. Due to the presence of the trehalose operon and the ability to ferment trehalose, the cheese isolates can be assigned to the subsp. . Comparative genomics with public available genomes shows that the genomes of the cheese isolates cluster together with other subsp. genomes. All genomes between subsp. and subsp. are separated by an average nucleotide identity (ANI) of less than 95.0%. Therefore, the subspecies could represent two distinct species. Nine of the strains decarboxylated lysine yielding cadaverine . This metabolic activity is linked to a previously unknown gene cluster comprising genes encoding a lysine-tRNA ligase (), an HTH-transcriptional regulator (), a cadaverine-lysine antiporter (), and a lysine decarboxylase (. The formation of putrescine is linked to the gene encoding an ornithine decarboxylase. The gene is disrupted in five strains by an insertion sequence, and these strains only exhibit a weak putrescine production. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiling revealed that all cheese strains are resistant to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, tigecycline, colistin, and ampicillin. These phenotypes, except for colistin which is intrinsic, could be linked to antimicrobial resistance genes located on the chromosome.
PubMed: 34867855
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.738492 -
Bulletin of Experimental Biology and... Dec 2023We studied the influence of medium composition and aeration on the hemolytic activity of uropathogenic Morganella morganii strain MM 190. The maximum level of hemolysis...
We studied the influence of medium composition and aeration on the hemolytic activity of uropathogenic Morganella morganii strain MM 190. The maximum level of hemolysis was observed in LB (59%), DMEM supplemented with fetal bovine serum (62%), and urine (53%) under aeration conditions during the exponential growth phase. The presence of 2% urea in the medium suppressed hemolysin synthesis. Moreover, addition of bacterial culture fluid containing hemolysin to a monolayer of T-24 bladder carcinoma and OKP-GS kidney carcinoma cells led to 25 and 42% cell death, respectively. We found that the maximum expression of the hemolysin gene hlyA was observed in 2-h culture in LB medium, which correlated with the hemolytic activity of the bacteria in this medium and indicated the predominance of the short hlyCA transcript in the cells.
Topics: Humans; Morganella morganii; Hemolysin Proteins; Antigens, Bacterial; Hemolysis; Carcinoma
PubMed: 38191876
DOI: 10.1007/s10517-024-05991-7 -
The Journal of Antimicrobial... Sep 2022Despite the fact that carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) mostly cause urinary tract infections (UTIs), only few studies have focused on the efficacity of...
BACKGROUND
Despite the fact that carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) mostly cause urinary tract infections (UTIs), only few studies have focused on the efficacity of mecillinam against these CRE.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the mecillinam susceptibility of a huge collection of CRE, including carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) and non-CPE (ESBL and AmpC producers with decreased permeability of the outer membrane).
METHODS
A total of 8310 non-duplicate clinical CRE, including 4042 OXA-48-like producers, 1094 NDM producers, 411 VIM producers, 174 KPC producers, 42 IMI producers, 153 multiple-carbapenemase producers and 45 isolates producing other types of carbapenemases (such as IMP-like enzymes or GES-5), were included in the study. WGS was performed on all CPE using Illumina technology. Categorization of susceptibility to mecillinam was performed using disc diffusion (mecillinam discs at 10 μg; I2A, France) according to EUCAST recommendations. The results were interpreted according to EUCAST guidelines (S ≥15 mm).
RESULTS
Significantly higher susceptibility rates were observed for carbapenem-resistant Proteus spp. (85%) and carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (84%), which are the two most common species responsible for UTIs, than for Klebsiella pneumoniae (67%), Enterobacter cloacae complex (75%), Citrobacter spp. (65%), Serratia spp. (34%) and Morganella morganii (12%). Susceptibility rates were 84%, 71% and 91% for OXA-48-like, NDM and IMI producers and 70% for non-CPE CRE. Mecillinam was less active against VIM and KPC producers (14% and 0%, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
Mecillinam might be an alternative for the treatment of infections due to CRE, particularly UTIs, except for VIM and KPC producers and for M. morganii and Serratia spp species.
Topics: Humans; Amdinocillin; Bacterial Proteins; beta-Lactamases; Carbapenems; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Escherichia coli; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Urinary Tract Infections
PubMed: 35815675
DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkac226 -
Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis May 2022The increase in rare opportunistic microbial infections caused by Morganella morganii is alarming across the globe. It has been reported that in cases of urinary tract...
BACKGROUND
The increase in rare opportunistic microbial infections caused by Morganella morganii is alarming across the globe. It has been reported that in cases of urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by M. morganii, however, few studies investigated children. Our study aimed to analyze the risk factors, antimicrobial susceptibility, and clinical characteristics, so as to improve the clinical diagnosis and therapy of M. morganii infection.
METHODS
Between April 1, 2017 and April 1, 2021, 11 cases of pediatric UTIs caused by M. morganii were included in this retrospective study. Medical records were reviewed and analyzed.
RESULTS
The study population included 10 males and one female between 11 months and 13 years old (mean age: 4 years 9 months). The most common comorbidity was nephrotic syndrome (72.7%, 8/11). Six patients (54.5%) were in the immunosuppressed state due to chemotherapy or immunosuppressant therapy. Ten cases defined as lower UTIs with no specific clinical manifestations had normal or slightly elevated leukocyte counts and procalcitonin (PCT) levels, and normal C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. One child diagnosed upper UTIs accompanied with fever, high level of leukocyte counts, CRP, and PCT. The M. morganii presented 100% susceptibility to aztreonam, ertapenem, meropenem, piperacillin/tazobactam, cefepime, ceftazidime, cefotetan, ticarcillin/clavulanic acid, and cefoperazone/sulbactam. Almost all patients had good responses to third-generation cephalosporins antibiotic therapy.
CONCLUSION
Clinical vigilance for the possibility of M. morganii in pediatric UTIs in combination with underlying disease or immunosuppression is warranted. Treatment strategies should be proposed according to the clinical condition and the antibiotic susceptibility results.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Morganella morganii; Retrospective Studies; Urinary Tract Infections
PubMed: 35349730
DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24399 -
Infectious Disorders Drug Targets 2021The members of the tribe Proteeae, Morganella and Providencia are being increasingly recognized as important pathogens. The spectrum of disease caused by them is wide...
INTRODUCTION
The members of the tribe Proteeae, Morganella and Providencia are being increasingly recognized as important pathogens. The spectrum of disease caused by them is wide and in reported cases, the mortality is high. Previously both of these pathogens were considered to be rare pathogens as the potential to cause nosocomial transmission and infection was not much studied. But their phenomenal evolution and increase in multidrug-resistance (MDR) strains of these pathogens are posing a major threat toward public health throughout the world.
METHODS
This present study was carried out from July 2018 to December 2018 on all the pus and body fluid samples that were received in the Department of Microbiology. Samples were processed as per the standard Microbiological guidelines and also were analyzed for their antimicrobial susceptibility profile as per Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute.
RESULTS
Out of 8425 samples received, 2140 were culture positive, amongst which 19 samples (0.89%) were positive for Providencia species (9) and Morganella morganii(10). The male : female ratio of these 19 patients was 2.8 : 1 and maximum patients (13) belonged to 20-60 years. As far as risk factors are concerned, maximum patients were diabetics (7) followed by abnormal liver function tests (6), concomitant UTI (6), history of invasive procedure (5), prior exposure to antibiotics (5) and urinary catheterization (4). About 6 were polymicrobial infections. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns revealed that Providencia strains were sensitive to ampicillin- sulbactum (77.7%) and amikacin (77.7%), while all Morganella strains were 100% sensitive to tobramycin and piperacillintazobactam.
CONCLUSION
This study heralds in need for more research in this area as infections caused by these two pathogens are on the rise. Moreover, resistance to antimicrobials is also an increasingly common problem thus delaying the treatment and prognosis of the disease.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Female; Humans; India; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Morganella morganii; Providencia; Tertiary Care Centers
PubMed: 31994472
DOI: 10.2174/1871526520666200128162646 -
Journal of Infection and Public Health Mar 2024Morganella morganii is a Gram-negative, opportunistic pathogen that can cause a variety of infections, including bloodstream infections, especially in those with...
BACKGROUND
Morganella morganii is a Gram-negative, opportunistic pathogen that can cause a variety of infections, including bloodstream infections, especially in those with compromised immune systems. It is often resistant to antibiotics, making it a difficult organism to treat. Limited studies have addressed M. morganii, but the organism is becoming increasingly recognized as a public health threat. More research is needed to understand the epidemiology and virulence factors of M. morganii in Saudi Arabia, as well as to develop effective treatment strategies.
METHODS
This retrospective study included all M. morganii bloodstream infections patients admitted to five tertiary care hospitals in Saudi Arabia between 2015 and 2022.
RESULTS
The study population included 75 patients (45 males and 30 females) between the age of 53-72 with a 54% ICU admission rate. The most comorbidities were hypertension followed by diabetes. The most common symptoms were fever, cough, shortness of breath, vomiting, and fatigue. The study also found that M. morganii was often resistant to multiple antibiotics, including ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, gentamicin, amoxicillin, nitrofurantoin, and colistin. The most common treatment for M. morganii bacteremia was carbapenems, followed by aminoglycosides, ciprofloxacin, and colistin. Source control measures, such as surgery, line removal, drainage, and tissue removal, were also used in some cases. The study found that the in-hospital mortality rate for M. morganii bacteremia was 41%. The risk of mortality was increased in patients who were admitted to the ICU, who were older than 65 years, and who had Klebsiella pneumoniae co-infection.
CONCLUSION
M. morganii bacteremia is a serious infection that is often resistant to antibiotics. Elderly patients and patients with comorbidities are at increased risk of mortality. Source control measures and appropriate antibiotic therapy are important for improving outcomes.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Aged; Morganella morganii; Retrospective Studies; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Colistin; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Sepsis; Ciprofloxacin
PubMed: 38262080
DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.12.013 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2023Bioindicator species are used to assess the damage and magnitude of possible impacts of anthropic origin on the environment, such as the reckless consumption of...
Bioindicator species are used to assess the damage and magnitude of possible impacts of anthropic origin on the environment, such as the reckless consumption of antimicrobials. has several characteristics that make it a suitable bioindicator of marine pollution and of the presence of pathogens that cause diseases in humans. This study aimed to investigate the green sea turtle as a reservoir of resistant bacteria, mainly because is the most frequent sea turtle species in Brazilian coastal regions and, consequently, under the intense impact of anthropic factors. Free-living green sea turtles ranging from 42.8 to 92 cm (average = 60.7 cm) were captured from Itaipú Beach, Brazil. Cloaca samples (characterizing the gastrointestinal tract) and neck samples (representing the transient microbiota) were collected. Bacterial species were identified, and their was resistance associated with the antimicrobials cephalothin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, tetracycline, and vancomycin. , , and were found resistant to cephalothin and and tetracycline-resistant isolates in cloaca samples. In neck samples, species resistant to tetracycline were sp., , and . This data reinforces that the green turtle is a bioindicator of antimicrobial resistance (AMR).
PubMed: 37627688
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081268 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Mar 2022Postvitrectomy endophthalmitis is a rare and serious complication following vitreoretinal surgeries. Morganella morganii, an emerging gram-negative, facultative... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Postvitrectomy endophthalmitis is a rare and serious complication following vitreoretinal surgeries. Morganella morganii, an emerging gram-negative, facultative anaerobic rod, is related to severe nosocomial infections in various organs and thus has gained importance in recent decades. Morganella morganii infection following intraocular surgery is rarely reported.
CASE PRESENTATION
We report an immunocompetent patient with Morganella morganii-related endophthalmitis after vitrectomy for retinal detachment who presented with hand motion visual acuity, hypopyon and a unique retrolental exudative membrane. Initially, the patient was unresponsive to empirical intravitreal ceftazidime and vancomycin but recovered with vision preservation (20/63) after surgical removal of the membrane and silicone oil tamponade.
CONCLUSIONS
Morganella morganii intraocular infection is often devastating, likely due to its high multidrug-resistance rate via intrinsic ß-lactamase production, multiple acquired traits related to additional genetic mechanisms, and fimbrial adhesion, urease production, and type III secretion system-associated biofilm formation. The above characteristics of M. morganii may lead to an inadequate response to empirical intravitreal antibiotics, and early surgical intervention should be considered.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Endophthalmitis; Humans; Morganella morganii; Retinal Detachment; Vitrectomy
PubMed: 35303817
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07248-y -
Journal of the Association of Medical... Sep 2023There is a paucity of studies investigating the population-based epidemiology of (MPP) group infections. Our objective was to determine the incidence, risk factors, and...
BACKGROUND
There is a paucity of studies investigating the population-based epidemiology of (MPP) group infections. Our objective was to determine the incidence, risk factors, and outcome of MPP group bloodstream infections (BSI), and explore species-specific differences.
METHODS
Population-based surveillance was conducted in the western interior of British Columbia, Canada, between April 1, 2010 and March 30, 2020.
RESULTS
Sixty-two incident MPP group BSI occurred for an annual incidence of 3.4 per 100,000 residents; rates for , , and species were 0.5, 2.6, and 0.3 per 100,000 population, respectively. The median year of age was 72.5 and was different ( = 0.03) among the groups. Most (92%) MPP group BSIs were of community-onset. Significant differences were observed in the distribution of clinical focus of infection, with most notably 81% of BSI due to genitourinary focus as compared to 60% and 22% for species and , respectively. Comorbid illnesses that increased the risk for development of MPP group BSI (incidence rate ratio; 95% CI) were HIV infection (37.0; 4.4-139.6), dementia (11.5; 6.1-20.7), cancer (6.4; 3.2-11.9), stroke 6.5 (2.8-13.3), and diabetes 2.7 (1.3-5.0). Thirteen, one, and none of the cases with , , and species BSI died within 30 days of index culture for respective all cause case-fatalities of 27%, 11%, and 0% ( = 0.1).
CONCLUSIONS
Although collectively responsible for a substantial burden of illness, the epidemiology of MPP group BSI varies significantly by species.
PubMed: 38250289
DOI: 10.3138/jammi-2022-0038