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Microbiology Spectrum Jun 2022Antimicrobial resistance in Morganella morganii is increasing in recent years, which is mainly introduced via extra genetic and mobile elements. The aim of our study is...
Antimicrobial resistance in Morganella morganii is increasing in recent years, which is mainly introduced via extra genetic and mobile elements. The aim of our study is to analyze the multidrug resistance (MDR) and characterize the mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in M. morganii isolates. Here, we report the characteristic of a pathogenic M. morganii isolate containing multidrug resistance genes that are mainly carried by a novel transposon Tn and a genomic island. Sequence analysis suggested that the Tn could be generated through homologous recombination between two different IS-bounded translocatable units (TUs), namely, module A (IS-Hp-IS-(A)-(A)--IS---) and module B (IS-------IS), and the genomic island named MMGI-4 might derive from a partial structure of different original genomic islands that also carried IS-mediated TUs. Notably, a 2,518-bp sequence linked to the module A and B contains a 570-bp gene. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the novel Tn possessing a complex class 1 integron that carried an infrequent gene in M. morganii. Mobile genetic elements (MGEs), especially for IS-bounded translocatable units, may act as a reservoir for a variety of antimicrobial resistance genes in clinically important pathogenic bacteria. We expounded this significant genetic characteristic by investigating a representative M. morganii isolate containing multidrug resistance genes, including the infrequent . Our study suggested that these acquired resistance genes were mainly driven by IS-flanked important MGEs, such as the novel Tn and the MMGI-4. We demonstrated that IS-related MGEs contributed to the emergence of the extra gene in M. morganii through some potential genetic events like recombination, transposition, and integration. Therefore, it is of importance to investigate persistently the prevalence these MEGs in the clinical pathogens to provide risk assessment of emergence and development of novel resistance genes.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; DNA Transposable Elements; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Genes, MDR; Genomic Islands; Integrons; Morganella morganii
PubMed: 35510850
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00265-22 -
Chemosphere Dec 2022Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cyanoHABs) are a global problem with serious consequences for public health and many sectors of the economy. The use of algicidal...
Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cyanoHABs) are a global problem with serious consequences for public health and many sectors of the economy. The use of algicidal bacteria as natural antagonists to control bloom-forming cyanobacteria is a topic of growing interest. However, there are still unresolved questions that need to be addressed to better understand their mode of action and to implement effective mitigation strategies. In this study, thirteen bacterial strains isolated from both scums and concentrated bloom samples exhibited algicidal activity on three Microcystis aeruginosa strains with different characteristics: the axenic microcystin (MC)-producing strain M. aeruginosa PCC7820 (MaPCC7820), and two environmental (non-axenic) M. aeruginosa strains isolated from two different water bodies in Poland, one MC-producer (MaSU) and another non-MC-producer (MaPN). The bacterial strain SU7S0818 exerted the highest average algicidal effect on the three cyanobacterial strains. This strain was identified as Morganella morganii (99.51% similarity) by the 16S rRNA gene analyses; hence, this is the first study that demonstrates the algicidal properties of these ubiquitous bacteria. Microscopic cell counting and qPCR analyses showed that M. morganii SU7S0818 removed 91%, 96%, and 98.5% of MaPCC7820, MaSU and MaPN cells after 6 days of co-culture, respectively. Interestingly, the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer (UHPLC-MS/MS) analyses showed that this bacterium was involved on the release of several substances with algicidal potential. It was remarkable how the profile of some compounds evolved over time, as in the case of cadaverine, tyramine, cyclo[Pro-Gly] and cyclo[Pro-Val]. These dynamic changes could be attributed to the action of M. morganii SU7S0818 and the presence of associated bacteria with environmental cyanobacterial strains. Therefore, this study sheds light on how algicidal bacteria may adapt their action on cyanobacterial cells by releasing a combination of compounds, which is a crucial insight to exploit them as effective biological tools in the control of cyanoHABs.
Topics: Microcystis; Microcystins; Morganella morganii; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Cadaverine; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Harmful Algal Bloom; Water; Tyramine
PubMed: 36195129
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136609 -
Veterinary Sciences Oct 2022Medicinal leeches () are used in surgical and non-surgical manners. is an opportunistic and zoonotic pathogenic bacterium causing serious clinical complications. In...
Medicinal leeches () are used in surgical and non-surgical manners. is an opportunistic and zoonotic pathogenic bacterium causing serious clinical complications. In this study, we isolated, discovered and characterized -infected . We detected and identified in all inflamed and swollen samples. The 16S rRNA sequence of the isolates confirmed all strains of . All strains were sensitive to Ceftriaxone, Ceftiofur, Danofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Enrofloxacin, Oxytetracycline, and Meropenem and were resistant to Erythromycin, Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Cefazolin, Colistin, Penicillin G, and Lincomycin. This pathogenic bacterium is a zoonotic pathogen, and monitoring the prevalence rate of this bacteria is strongly necessary for leeches used in human medical treatment and care. Finally, all infected leeches were treated successfully in this case report study.
PubMed: 36288175
DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9100562 -
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology Sep 2020Tyrosine phenol-lyase (TPL) is a valuable and cost-effective biocatalyst for the biosynthesis of L-tyrosine and its derivatives, which are valuable intermediates in the...
Tyrosine phenol-lyase (TPL) is a valuable and cost-effective biocatalyst for the biosynthesis of L-tyrosine and its derivatives, which are valuable intermediates in the pharmaceutical industry. A TPL from Morganella morganii (Mm-TPL) was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and characterized. Mm-TPL was determined as a homotetramer with molecular weight of 52 kDa per subunit. Its optimal temperature and pH for β-elimination of L-tyrosine were 45 °C and pH 8.5, respectively. Mm-TPL manifested strict substrate specificity for the reverse reaction of β-elimination and ortho- and meta-substituted phenols with small steric size were preferred substrates. The enzyme showed excellent catalytic performance for synthesis of L-tyrosine, 3-fluoro-L-tyrosine, and L-DOPA with a yield of 98.1%, 95.1%, and 87.2%, respectively. Furthermore, the fed-batch bioprocess displayed space-time yields of 9.6 g L h for L-tyrosine and 4.2 g L h for 3-fluoro-L-tyrosine with a yield of 67.4 g L and 29.5 g L, respectively. These results demonstrated the great potential of Mm-TPL for industrial application.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Catalysis; Cells, Immobilized; Citrobacter freundii; Escherichia coli; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Ions; Kinetics; Levodopa; Molecular Weight; Morganella morganii; Protein Domains; Protein Structure, Secondary; Substrate Specificity; Temperature; Tyrosine; Tyrosine Phenol-Lyase
PubMed: 32236865
DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03301-1 -
Journal of Biomolecular Structure &... Jul 2023is a Gram-negative bacterial pathogen that causes bacteremia, urinary tract infections, intra-abdominal infections, chorioamnionitis, neonatal sepsis, and newborn...
is a Gram-negative bacterial pathogen that causes bacteremia, urinary tract infections, intra-abdominal infections, chorioamnionitis, neonatal sepsis, and newborn meningitis. To control this bacterial pathogen a total of 3565 putative proteins targets in were screened using comparative subtractive analysis of biochemical pathways annotated by the KEGG that did not share any similarities with human proteins. One of the targets, D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase DacB [] was observed to be implicated in the majority of cell wall synthesis pathways, leading to its selection as a novel pharmacological target. The drug that interacted optimally with the identified target was observed to be Cefoperazone (DB01329) with the estimated free energy of binding -8.9 Kcal/mol. During molecular dynamics simulations; it was observed that DB01328-2exb and DB01329-2exb complexes showed similar values as the control FMX-2exb complex near 0.2 nm with better stability. Furthermore, MMPBSA total free energy calculation showed better binding energy than the control complex for DB01329-2exb interaction i.e. -31.50 (±0.93) kcal/mol. Our presented research suggested that D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase DacB could be a therapeutic target and cefoperazone could be a promising ligand to inhibit the D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase DacB protein of . To identify prospective therapeutic and vaccine targets in , this is the first computational and subtractive genomics investigation of various metabolic pathways exploring other therapeutic targets of experimental validation of the identified target D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase and the design of its inhibitors is suggested to figure out the best dose, the drug's effectiveness, and its toxicity.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
PubMed: 37480259
DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2238088 -
MSphere Dec 2021The spread of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing is a public health concern. KPC-encoding is predominantly spread by strains of a particular...
Molecular Analysis of -Harboring Plasmids: Tn Interplasmid Transposition and Tn-Carrying ColRNAI Plasmid Mobilization from Klebsiella pneumoniae to Citrobacter europaeus and Morganella morganii in a Single Patient.
The spread of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing is a public health concern. KPC-encoding is predominantly spread by strains of a particular phylogenetic lineage, clonal group 258, but can also be spread by horizontal transfer of -carrying plasmids. Here, we report the transfer of a -harboring plasmid via mobilization from K. pneumoniae to Citrobacter freundii complex and Morganella morganii strains in a single patient. We performed draft whole-genome sequencing to analyze 20 carbapenemase-producing strains (15 of K. pneumoniae, two of C. freundii complex, and three of M. morganii) and all K. pneumoniae strains using MiSeq and/or MinION isolated from a patient who was hospitalized in New York and Montreal before returning to Japan. All strains harbored -containing Tn. The 15 K. pneumoniae strains each belonged to sequence type 258 and harbored a Tn-carrying multireplicon-type plasmid, IncN and IncR (IncN+R). Three of these K. pneumoniae strains also possessed a Tn-carrying ColRNAI plasmid, suggesting that Tn underwent interplasmid transposition. Of these three ColRNAI plasmids, two and one were identical to plasmids harbored by two Citrobacter europaeus and three M. morganii strains, respectively. The Tn-carrying ColRNAI plasmids were each 23,753 bp long and incapable of conjugal transfer via their own genes alone, but they mobilized during the conjugal transfer of Tn-carrying IncN+R plasmids in K. pneumoniae. Interplasmid transposition of Tn from an IncN+R plasmid to a ColRNAI plasmid in K. pneumoniae and mobilization of Tn-carrying ColRNAI plasmids contributed to the acquisition of in and M. morganii. Plasmid transfer plays an important role in the interspecies spread of carbapenemase genes, including the Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-coding gene, . We conducted whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis and transmission experiments to analyze -carrying mobile genetic elements (MGEs) between the -harboring K. pneumoniae, Citrobacter europaeus, and Morganella morganii strains isolated from a single patient. was contained within an MGE, Tn. WGS of -carrying K. pneumoniae, , and M. morganii strains isolated from one patient revealed that Tn-carrying ColRNAI plasmids were generated by plasmid-to-plasmid transfer of Tn from a multireplicon-type IncN and IncR (IncN+R) plasmid in K. pneumoniae strains. Tn-carrying ColRNAI plasmids were incapable of conjugal transfer in and M. morganii but mobilized from K. pneumoniae to a recipient Escherichia coli strain during the conjugal transfer of Tn-carrying IncN+R plasmid. Therefore, Tn-carrying ColRNAI plasmids contributed to the acquisition of in and M. morganii.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Citrobacter; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Gene Transfer, Horizontal; Humans; Klebsiella Infections; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Morganella morganii; Plasmids; Whole Genome Sequencing; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 34730375
DOI: 10.1128/mSphere.00850-21 -
International Microbiology : the... Nov 2022Acanthamoeba castellanii, known as the "Trojan horse of the microbial world," is known to host a variety of microorganisms including viruses, yeasts, protists, and...
Acanthamoeba castellanii, known as the "Trojan horse of the microbial world," is known to host a variety of microorganisms including viruses, yeasts, protists, and bacteria. Acanthamoeba can act as a vector and may aid in the transmission of various bacterial pathogens to potential hosts and are found in a variety of places, thus impacting the health of humans, animals, and the environment. These are interconnected in a system known as "one health." With the global threat of antibiotic resistance, bacteria may avoid harsh conditions, antibiotics, and disinfectants by sheltering within Acanthamoeba. In this study, Acanthamoeba castellanii interaction with Morganella morganii, a Gram-negative bacterium was studied. Escherichia coli K1 interaction with Acanthamoeba was carried out as a control. Association, invasion, and survival assays were accomplished. Morganella morganii was found to associate, invade, and survive within Acanthamoeba castellanii. Additionally, Escherichia coli K1 was also found to associate, invade, and survive within the Acanthamoeba at a higher number in comparison to Morganella morganii. For the first time, we have shown that Morganella morganii interact, invade, and survive within Acanthamoeba castellanii, suggesting that Acanthamoeba may be a potential vector in the transmission of Morganella morganii to susceptible hosts. Taking a one health approach to tackle and develop disinfectants to target Acanthamoeba is warranted, as the amoebae may be hosting various microbes such as multiple drug-resistant bacteria and even viruses such as the novel coronavirus.
Topics: Acanthamoeba castellanii; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; COVID-19; Disinfectants; Escherichia coli; Humans; Morganella morganii; One Health
PubMed: 35794501
DOI: 10.1007/s10123-022-00261-w -
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Jul 2023The world-famous markets of Marrakech, also known in Arabic as souks, harbor a vast diversity of reptiles that are sold for medicinal/magic/pet purposes or used for...
The world-famous markets of Marrakech, also known in Arabic as souks, harbor a vast diversity of reptiles that are sold for medicinal/magic/pet purposes or used for snake charming. This unique epidemiological context has never been studied considering the interactions of humans, reptiles, and zoonotic pathogens. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify the parasites and pathogens present in blood and feces associated with handled reptiles in the markets of Marrakech to assess the risk of zoonotic transmission within the reptile-human interface. Privately owned reptiles (n = 118), coming from vendors or snake charmers, were examined and blood and feces sampled. DNA was extracted and molecular screening (cPCR, nPCR, qPCR, dqPCR) was performed aiming to identify potentially zoonotic pathogens (i.e., Anaplasma/Ehrlichia spp., Rickettsia spp., Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Coxiella burnetii, Babesia/Theileria spp., Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia spp., Leishmania spp., Cestoda). Overall, 28.9% (34/118) of reptiles were positive for at least one pathogen. In blood, Anaplasma spp. were detected in four snakes, with two Montpellier snakes positive for Anaplasma phagocytophilum, while Rickettsia spp. were detected in one Mediterranean chameleon and four puff adders. Leishmania tarentolae was molecularly detected in a Mediterranean chameleon and a Montpellier snake. In feces, the cox1 gene generated a myriad of sequences for nematodes, cestodes, fungi and bacteria. Importantly, Proteus vulgaris was identified from a Mediterranean chameleon. Cryptosporidium spp. nPCR yielded a positive sample (i.e., Cryptosporidium sp. apodemus genotype I) from a Moroccan worm lizard, as well as for bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa in an Egyptian cobra, and Morganella morganii from a puff adder. Results from this study demonstrated the risk of zoonotic transmission of microorganisms and parasites present in blood and feces from reptiles that are brought to the souks in Marrakech, Morocco, to be sold for medicinal purposes or used for snake charming, being in direct and straight contact with humans.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Cryptosporidiosis; Morocco; Cryptosporidium; Rickettsia; Parasites; Anaplasma; Snakes; Reptiles
PubMed: 37467211
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011431 -
The American Journal of Tropical... Oct 2022Snakebite is a common occurrence in Hangzhou, and identifying bacteria in wounds is very important for snakebite treatment. To define the pattern of wound bacterial... (Review)
Review
Snakebite is a common occurrence in Hangzhou, and identifying bacteria in wounds is very important for snakebite treatment. To define the pattern of wound bacterial flora of venomous snakebites and their susceptibility to common antibiotics, we reviewed the medical charts of patients admitted with snakebite at Hangzhou TCM Hospital from January 2019 to December 2020. A total of 311 patients were enrolled in this study. Among them, bacteria culture was positive in 40 patients, and 80 organisms were isolated. The most frequent pathogens were Morganella morganii and Staphylococcus aureus. According to the results of susceptibility testing, a majority of the isolates were resistant to some common first-line antibiotics, such as ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefoxitin, and cephazolin. Quinolones, however, have shown a better antibacterial effect. In conclusion, snakebite wounds involve a wide range of bacteria. Fluoroquinolones, such as levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, could be an alternative for empirical treatment in patients with snakebite when the effect of other antibiotics is poor.
Topics: Amoxicillin; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Cefazolin; Cefoxitin; Ciprofloxacin; Clavulanic Acid; Fluoroquinolones; Humans; Levofloxacin; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Snake Bites; Sulbactam; Venoms
PubMed: 36067984
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.21-1314 -
The Journal of Antimicrobial... Apr 2023The role of piperacillin/tazobactam for treatment of serious infections due to AmpC-producing organisms remains debatable, particularly in immunocompromised patients.
Piperacillin/tazobactam versus cefepime or carbapenems for cefoxitin-non-susceptible Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella aerogenes, Citrobacter freundii, Serratia marcescens and Morganella morganii bacteraemia in immunocompromised patients.
BACKGROUND
The role of piperacillin/tazobactam for treatment of serious infections due to AmpC-producing organisms remains debatable, particularly in immunocompromised patients.
METHODS
This was a retrospective cohort study in immunocompromised patients that investigated the effect of definitive treatment with either piperacillin/tazobactam versus cefepime or carbapenems for bacteraemia caused by cefoxitin-non-susceptible Enterobacterales. The primary endpoint was a composite of clinical and microbiological failure. A logistic regression model was constructed to assess the impact of definitive treatment choice on the primary endpoint.
RESULTS
A total of 81 immunocompromised patients with blood cultures positive for cefoxitin-non-susceptible Enterobacterales were included for analysis. There was more microbiological failure in the piperacillin/tazobactam arm compared with the cefepime/carbapenem arm (11.4% versus 0.0%, P = 0.019). Definitive treatment with cefepime or a carbapenem was associated with a decreased odds of clinical or microbiological failure (OR 0.303, 95% CI 0.093-0.991, P = 0.048) when controlling for baseline characteristics.
CONCLUSIONS
In immunocompromised patients with bacteraemia due to cefoxitin-non-susceptible Enterobacterales, definitive treatment with piperacillin/tazobactam was associated with an increased risk of microbiological failure and higher odds of clinical or microbiological failure compared with cefepime or carbapenems.
Topics: Humans; Cefepime; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Carbapenems; Cefoxitin; Enterobacter aerogenes; Citrobacter freundii; Serratia marcescens; Morganella morganii; Enterobacter cloacae; Retrospective Studies; Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination; Bacteremia; beta-Lactamases; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 36879495
DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkad037