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Surgical Neurology International 2024is a Gram-negative enteric rod found in the intestinal tracts of humans, mammals, and reptiles as normal flora. It is highly implicated in urinary tract infections,...
BACKGROUND
is a Gram-negative enteric rod found in the intestinal tracts of humans, mammals, and reptiles as normal flora. It is highly implicated in urinary tract infections, wound infections, and septicemia. The cerebral nervous system, especially brain abscess attributed to , remains extremely rare. To the best of the author's knowledge, only eight documented cerebral brain abscesses caused by have been reported in the literature.
CASE DESCRIPTION
A 48-year-old man presented with headache, fever, and irritability two months after endoscopic endonasal repair of the cranial base defect. Following imaging studies, a large left frontal abscess was found. The patient underwent a fine-needle aspiration through a burr hole following antimicrobial therapy.
CONCLUSION
We report this case to create awareness among neurosurgeons and microbiologists that , even though uncommon, is a cause of cerebral brain abscess. Prompt surgical management and appropriate antimicrobial therapy is the treatment of choice.
PubMed: 38344080
DOI: 10.25259/SNI_759_2023 -
Journal of Global Antimicrobial... Mar 2020A multidrug-resistant Morganella morganii strain (CQ-M7), isolated from the kidney of a diseased Chinese giant salamander in China, was examined with whole genome...
OBJECTIVES
A multidrug-resistant Morganella morganii strain (CQ-M7), isolated from the kidney of a diseased Chinese giant salamander in China, was examined with whole genome sequencing to better understand drug tolerance and its pathogenicity.
METHODS
The draft genome of the investigated strain was assembled using HGA assembler and annotated using Rapid Annotations Subsystems Technology (RAST) server. The contigs were annotated by the appropriate bioinformatics tools available on the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) website. Antibiotic resistance genes were detected by PCR. Pathogenicity of the isolate was performed on 30 healthy Chinese giant salamanders with different infection dosages.
RESULTS
The CQ-M7 strain showed resistance to multiple antimicrobials, especially to aminoglycoside and β-lactam antibiotics. Seventeen drug-resistance genes were detected, which were related to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, peptide antibiotic, and fosfomycin resistance. Sequence analysis showed the assembled genome size to be 4 966 326bp with 51.16% of GC content, containing 4587 protein-coding genes, 71 pseudogenes, five rRNAs, 80 tRNAs, and five noncoding RNAs. The genome sequence was deposited in GenBank under accession number RQIJ00000000. Artificial infection results indicated that the CQ-M7 strain was a low-virulence strain for the Chinese giant salamander.
CONCLUSION
It is believed that this is the first draft genome of Chinese giant salamander original Morganella morganii strain harbouring multiple antibiotic resistance genes in China. The reported genome sequence could provide insights into antibiotic resistance mechanisms and control strategies of Morganella morganii.
Topics: Aminoglycosides; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; China; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Genome Size; Genome, Bacterial; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Kidney; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Sequence Annotation; Morganella morganii; Urodela; Virulence; Whole Genome Sequencing; beta-Lactams
PubMed: 31449965
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2019.08.012 -
Water Science and Technology : a... Feb 2022Through this investigation, we establish the mechanism and physical characterization of zinc (II) sequestration by Morganella morganii ACZ05 strain, which was isolated...
Through this investigation, we establish the mechanism and physical characterization of zinc (II) sequestration by Morganella morganii ACZ05 strain, which was isolated and characterized from soil polluted by effluents from electroplating industries. As far as we know, there is very little literature concerning zinc biosorption using an environmental strain of M. morganii. The SEM analysis shows the dark porous gaps in the aggregated cell-matrix of test bacterial biomass which is inferred as water channels usually seen in biofilms, as compared to metal-unexposed control. M. morganii is not known to produce biofilms unless in the rare nosocomial conditions. Here, SEM analysis shows the production of biofilms after exposure to zinc (II) at 500 ppm, which has not been previously reported. EDX analysis of bacterial biomass also specified the sorption of zinc (II) by the bacterial cells and the presence of new peaks for zinc in contrast to control. Both XRD and FTIR analysis observations strongly implicate the potential of physical adsorption as a mechanism for heavy metal resistance. Analysis of the cell surface by Atomic force microscopy and examination of the topography revealed cell aggregation occurs during biofilm production after zinc biosorption. Unlike other reports, regular models such as Langmuir isotherm and Freundlich isotherm were found insufficient to explain the physisorption of zinc (II) metal ions on complex multicomponent adsorbents such as the exopolymeric surface of the bacterial cells. However, adsorption kinetics of zinc (II) to the bacterial biomass was most effectively elucidated by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, suggesting a certain kind of chemisorption that requires further study.
Topics: Adsorption; Biomass; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Metals, Heavy; Morganella morganii; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Zinc
PubMed: 35228348
DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.031 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023The role of integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) in antibiotic resistance in is unknown. This study aimed to determine whether an ICE identified in the genome...
INTRODUCTION
The role of integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) in antibiotic resistance in is unknown. This study aimed to determine whether an ICE identified in the genome contributed to the polymyxin resistance.
METHODS
Whole-genome sequencing was performed followed by bioinformatics analyses to identify ICEs and antibiotic resistance genes. Conjugation assays were performed to analyze the transferability of a discovered ICE. A drug transporter encoded on the ICE was heterogeneously expressed in , minimum inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics were determined, and a traditional Chinese medicine library was screened for potential efflux pump inhibitors.
RESULTS
An antibiotic resistance-conferring ICE, named ICEMP63, was identified. ICEMP63 was verified to be horizontally transferred among Enterobacteriaceae bacteria. G3577_03020 in ICEMP63 was found to mediate multiple antibiotic resistances, especially polymyxin resistance. However, natural compound glabridin was demonstrated to inhibit polymyxin resistance.
DISCUSSION
Our findings support the need for monitoring dissemination of ICEMP63 in Enterobacteriaceae bacteria. Combined glabridin and polymyxin may have therapeutic potential for treating infections from multi-drug resistant bacteria carrying ICEMP63.
PubMed: 37283918
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1188900 -
The American Journal of Case Reports Sep 2022BACKGROUND Pituitary abscess (PA) is a rare pituitary lesion accounting for less than 1% of all pituitary diseases and is associated with high mortality rates. The...
BACKGROUND Pituitary abscess (PA) is a rare pituitary lesion accounting for less than 1% of all pituitary diseases and is associated with high mortality rates. The non-specific clinical symptoms and radiological features preclude accurate diagnosis of the disease. Hence, surgical intervention is still considered the criterion standard method for PA diagnosis. Most PAs occur as a primary disease or due to complications such as surgery, sepsis, and adjacent inflamed lesions. CASE REPORT A 53-year-old man presented to the Emergency Department with a headache associated with nausea, vomiting, and constipation. The patient had no visual disturbances, polyuria, polydipsia, nocturia, or abnormal discharges. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a large suprasellar mass. The patient underwent left-side trans-nasal transsphenoidal microscopic surgery for mass removal. An abscess with discharge was noticed and sent for microbiological evaluation, revealing an infection with a commensal enteric bacterium that rarely causes nosocomial infection, known as Morganella morganii. The patient was discharged after completing the intravenous antibiotic course and was given oral antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS Pituitary abscess is a rare pituitary lesion. However, taking the history of recent meningitis, sinusitis, and/or surgery may help to reach an early diagnosis, prompt surgical intervention, and vital therapeutic steps to reduce mortality rates and improve patient's outcomes. PA should always be considered when patients demonstrate signs of pituitary dysfunction associated with signs of infection. Furthermore, antibiotics should be administered immediately once the PA case is confirmed and should last for at least 6 weeks postoperatively.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Brain Abscess; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Morganella morganii; Pituitary Diseases; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 36110038
DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.936743 -
Food Science & Nutrition Jul 2020The inactivation and damage of histamine-forming bacterium, , in phosphate buffer and tuna meat slurry by high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) alone or in combination with...
The inactivation and damage of histamine-forming bacterium, , in phosphate buffer and tuna meat slurry by high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) alone or in combination with 0.2% lemon essential oil (LEO) treatments were studied using viability measurement and scanning electron microscopy (). HHP alone or in combination with LEO treatments showed first-order destruction kinetics to during pressure holding period. The D values of (200 to 600 MPa) in phosphate buffer ranged from 16.4 to 0.08 min, whereas those in tuna meat slurry ranged from 51.0 to 0.10 min, respectively. in tuna meat slurry had higher D values and were more resistant to HHP treatments than in phosphate buffer. In addition, the D values of HHP in combination with LEO treatment were lower than those of HHP treatment alone at <400 MPa of pressure, indicating that it is more effective to inactivate under the same pressure. The results showed the at HHP in combination with LEO treatment was more susceptible to pressure treatment alone. HHP with or without LEO treatments can be used to inactivate by causing disruption to bacterial cell membrane and cell wall as demonstrated by micrographs.
PubMed: 32724607
DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1626 -
PloS One 2021Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) represent a serious threat to public health due to the lack of treatment and high mortality. The rate of antimicrobial...
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) represent a serious threat to public health due to the lack of treatment and high mortality. The rate of antimicrobial resistance of Enterobacterales isolates to major antimicrobials, including carbapenems, is much higher in Vietnam than in Western countries, but the reasons remain unknown due to the lack of genomic epidemiology research. A previous study suggested that carbapenem resistance genes, such as the carbapenemase gene blaNDM, spread via plasmids among Enterobacterales in Vietnam. In this study, we characterized blaNDM-carrying plasmids in Enterobacterales isolated in Vietnam, and identified several possible cases of horizontal transfer of plasmids both within and among species of bacteria. Twenty-five carbapenem-nonsusceptible isolates from a medical institution in Hanoi were sequenced on Illumina short-read sequencers, and 13 blaNDM-positive isolates, including isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii, Morganella morganii, and Proteus mirabilis, were further sequenced on an Oxford Nanopore Technologies long-read sequencer to obtain complete plasmid sequences. Almost identical 73 kb IncFII(pSE11)::IncN hybrid plasmids carrying blaNDM-1 were found in a P. mirabilis isolate and an M. morganii isolate. A 112 kb IncFII(pRSB107)::IncN hybrid plasmid carrying blaNDM-1 in an E. coli isolate had partially identical sequences with a 39 kb IncR plasmid carrying blaNDM-1 and an 88 kb IncFII(pHN7A8)::IncN hybrid plasmid in a C. freundii isolate. 148-149 kb IncFIA(Hl1)::IncA/C2 plasmids and 75-76 kb IncFII(Yp) plasmids, both carrying blaNDM-1 were shared among three sequence type 11 (ST11) isolates and three ST395 isolates of K. pneumoniae, respectively. Most of the plasmids co-carried genes conferring resistance to clinically relevant antimicrobials, including third-generation cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones, in addition to blaNDM-1. These results provide insight into the genetic basis of CRE in Vietnam, and could help control nosocomial infections.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Enterobacteriaceae; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Plasmids; Vietnam; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 34319973
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231119 -
EcoHealth Sep 2021Studies on the microbiota of freshwater cetaceans are scarce and may provide important data on animal and environmental health. This study aimed to evaluate the...
Studies on the microbiota of freshwater cetaceans are scarce and may provide important data on animal and environmental health. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of Gram-negative bacteria recovered from two populations of free-ranging Amazon river dolphins (Inia geoffrensis). Twenty-one animals were captured and released, 13 from Negro River and 8 from Tapajós River, Brazil. Swab samples were obtained from the oral cavity, blowhole, genital opening and rectum and were cultured on MacConkey agar. Isolates were biochemically identified, and antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed by disk diffusion method. Overall, 132 isolates were recovered, of which 71 were recovered from animals from Negro River and 61 from Tapajós River. The most commonly recovered bacterial species were Enterobacter cloacae, Morganella morganii, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Overall, 51.6% (63/122) of the isolates were not-susceptible (intermediate resistance and resistance), of which 28/122 (22.9%) were resistant to at least one antimicrobial. Cephalothin, cefuroxime and cefepime were the drugs to which more resistant and intermediate results were observed (P < 0.001). The results indicate that free-ranging Amazon river dolphins host resistant bacteria, contributing for their maintenance in the environment. This study highlights the importance of the One Health approach to monitor the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. Summary Gram-negative bacteria recovered from 21 free-ranging Amazon river dolphins (Inia geoffrensis) from the Negro River and the Tapajós River populations were evaluated for their antimicrobial susceptibility. Overall, 51.6% (63/122) of the isolates were not-susceptible (intermediate resistance and resistance), of which 28/122 (22.9%) were resistant to at least one antimicrobial. Cephalothin, cefuroxime and cefepime were the drugs to which more resistant and intermediate results were observed. Thus, free-ranging Amazon river dolphins, never treated with antimicrobials, host resistant bacteria, contributing for their maintenance in the environment and highlighting the importance of the One Health approach to monitor the emergence of antimicrobial resistance.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Dolphins; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; One Health
PubMed: 34709509
DOI: 10.1007/s10393-021-01558-4 -
Microbiology Spectrum Oct 2022The emergence of the plasmid-mediated high levels of the tigecycline resistance gene has drawn worldwide attention and has posed a major threat to public health. In this...
The emergence of the plasmid-mediated high levels of the tigecycline resistance gene has drawn worldwide attention and has posed a major threat to public health. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of the (X4)-positive isolates collected from a pig slaughterhouse and farms. A total of 101 tigecycline resistance strains were isolated from 353 samples via a medium with tigecycline, of which 33 carried (X4) (9.35%, 33/353) and 2 carried (X6) (0.57%, 2/353). These strains belong to seven different species, with Escherichia coli being the main host bacteria. Importantly, this report is the first one to demonstrate that (X4) was observed in Morganella morganii. Whole-genome sequencing results revealed that (X4)-positive bacteria can coexist with other resistance genes, such as and . Additionally, we were the first to report that (X4) and coexist in a Klebsiella quasipneumoniae strain. The phylogenetic tree of 533 (X4)-positive E. coli strains was constructed using 509 strains from the NCBI genome assembly database and 24 strains from this study, which arose from 8 sources and belonged to 135 sequence types (STs) worldwide. We used Nanopore sequencing to interpret the selected 21 nonclonal and representative strains and observed that 19 (X4)-harboring plasmids were classified into 8 replicon types, and 2 (X6) genes were located on integrating conjugative elements. A total of 68.42% of plasmids carrying (X4) were transferred successfully with a conjugation frequency of 10 to 10. These findings highlight that diverse plasmids drive the widespread dissemination of the tigecycline resistance gene (X4) in of porcine origin. Tigecycline is considered to be the last resort of defense against diseases caused by broad-spectrum resistant Gram-negative bacteria. In this study, we systematically analyzed the prevalence and genetic environments of the resistance gene (X4) in a pig slaughterhouse and farms and the evolutionary relationship of 533 (X4)-positive Escherichia coli strains, including 509 (X4)-positive E. coli strains selected from the 27,802 assembled genomes of E. coli from the NCBI between 2002 and 2022. The drug resistance of tigecycline is widely prevalent in pig farms where tetracycline is used as a veterinary drug. This prevalence suggests that pigs are a large reservoir of (X4) and that (X4) can spread horizontally through the food chain via mobile genetic elements. Furthermore, tetracycline resistance may drive tigecycline resistance through some mechanisms. Therefore, it is important to monitor tigecycline resistance, develop effective control measures, and focus on tetracycline use in the pig farms.
Topics: Swine; Animals; Tigecycline; Escherichia coli; Veterinary Drugs; Phylogeny; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Plasmids; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Tetracycline; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
PubMed: 36125305
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01615-22 -
The Journal of Emergency Medicine Mar 2022The Proteeae group (i.e., Proteus species, Morganella morganii, and Providencia species) frequently causes urinary tract infections (UTIs) and is generally resistant to...
BACKGROUND
The Proteeae group (i.e., Proteus species, Morganella morganii, and Providencia species) frequently causes urinary tract infections (UTIs) and is generally resistant to nitrofurantoin. Proteeae species can produce urease, which can increase urine pH.
OBJECTIVE
Our aim was to determine whether higher urine pH in the emergency department is associated with nitrofurantoin resistance.
METHODS
A single health system database of emergency department patients aged 18 years and older who received urinalysis between April 18, 2014, and March 7, 2017, was examined using χ test and multivariable regression analysis.
RESULTS
Of 67,271 urine samples analyzed, 13,456 samples grew a single bacterial species. Urine cultures growing the Proteeae group were associated with significantly more alkaline urine than other bacteriuria cultures (odds ratio [OR] 2.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.06-2.36; p < 0.001). The Proteeae species represented 4.4% of urine samples at pH 5-7, 24.4% at pH 8-9, and 40.0% at pH 9. At urine pH 5-7, 80.4% of urine samples were sensitive to nitrofurantoin; however, this percentage decreased to 66.1% for urine pH 8-9 and 54.6% for urine pH 9. Nitrofurantoin had the highest OR (2.10, 95% CI 1.85-2.39) among cefazolin, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole for bacteriuria sensitive to those antibiotics at urine pH 5-7. At urine pH 8-9 and 9, nitrofurantoin had the lowest OR among the antibiotics: 0.48 (95% CI 0.42-0.54) and 0.31 (95% CI 0.24-0.40), respectively (p < 0.001 for both).
CONCLUSIONS
Urine pH of 8 or higher is associated with high rates of nitrofurantoin resistance.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriuria; Emergency Service, Hospital; Female; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nitrofurantoin; Urinary Tract Infections
PubMed: 35000812
DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2021.10.022