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Journal of Sleep Research Oct 2023This cross-sectional study investigated objective-subjective sleep discrepancies and the physiological basis for morning perceptions of sleep, mood, and readiness, in...
Morning perception of sleep, stress, and mood, and its relationship with overnight physiological sleep: findings from the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) study.
This cross-sectional study investigated objective-subjective sleep discrepancies and the physiological basis for morning perceptions of sleep, mood, and readiness, in adolescents. Data collected during a single in-laboratory polysomnographic assessment from 137 healthy adolescents (61 girls; age range: 12-21 years) in the United States National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) study were analysed. Upon awakening, participants completed questionnaires assessing sleep quality, mood, and readiness. We evaluated the relationship between overnight polysomnographic, electroencephalographic, sleep autonomic nervous system functioning measures, and next morning self-reported indices. Results showed that older adolescents reported more awakenings, yet they perceived their sleep to be deeper and less restless than younger adolescents. Prediction models including sleep physiology measures (polysomnographic, electroencephalographic, and sleep autonomic nervous system) explained between 3% and 29% of morning sleep perception, mood, and readiness indices. The subjective experience of sleep is a complex phenomenon with multiple components. Distinct physiological sleep processes contribute to the morning perception of sleep and related measures of mood and readiness. More than 70% of the variance (based on a single observation per person) in the perception of sleep, mood, and morning readiness is not explained by overnight sleep-related physiological measures, suggesting that other factors are important for the subjective sleep experience.
Topics: Female; Humans; Adolescent; Child; Young Adult; Adult; Polysomnography; Cross-Sectional Studies; Sleep; Electroencephalography; Perception
PubMed: 36941027
DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13886 -
Journal of Physical Activity & Health Jun 2023Early morning is characterized by an increased risk of cardiovascular events, a sudden rise in blood pressure, impaired endothelial function, and exacerbated hemodynamic...
INTRODUCTION
Early morning is characterized by an increased risk of cardiovascular events, a sudden rise in blood pressure, impaired endothelial function, and exacerbated hemodynamic changes during physical activity. The study aims to examine whether the time of day of physical activity is associated with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD).
METHODS
We prospectively analyzed 83,053 participants in the UK Biobank with objectively measured physical activity and initially free of CVD. Based on the diurnal patterns of physical activity, participants were categorized into 4 groups: early morning (n = 15,908), late morning (n = 22,371), midday (n = 24,764), and evening (n = 20,010). Incident CVD was defined as the first diagnosis of coronary heart disease or stroke.
RESULTS
During 197.4 million person-years of follow-up, we identified 3454 CVD cases. After adjusting for the overall acceleration average, the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were 0.95 (0.86-1.07) for late morning, 1.15 (1.03-1.27) for midday, and 1.03 (0.92-1.15) for evening, as compared with the early morning group. In the joint analyses, higher levels of physical activity were associated with a lower risk of incident CVD in a similar manner across the early morning, late morning, and evening groups. However, the beneficial association was attenuated in the midday group.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, early morning, late morning, and evening are all favorable times of day to engage in physical activity for the primary prevention of CVD, while midday physical activity is associated with an increased risk of CVD compared with early morning physical activity after controlling for the levels of physical activity.
Topics: Humans; Cardiovascular Diseases; Exercise; Risk Factors; Biological Specimen Banks; Prospective Studies; United Kingdom
PubMed: 37076242
DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0505 -
Hypertension Research : Official... Dec 2021Little is known about the relationship of the difference between morning and evening systolic blood pressure (BP) (MEdif) in home BP with cardiovascular disease (CVD)...
Little is known about the relationship of the difference between morning and evening systolic blood pressure (BP) (MEdif) in home BP with cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence. To assess this relationship, we used data from the nationwide practice-based J-HOP (Japan Morning Surge-Home BP) study, which recruited 4258 cardiovascular risk participants (mean age 64.9 years; 46.8% men; 79.2% using antihypertensive medications) who underwent morning and evening home BP monitoring using a validated, automated device for 14 consecutive days. During a mean ± SD follow-up of 6.2 ± 3.8 years (26,295 person-years), 269 CVD events occurred. Adjusted Cox models suggested that higher MEdif (≥20 mmHg) was associated with higher CVD risks than was medium MEdif (0-20 mmHg) independent of the average morning and evening (MEave) home systolic BP (SBP) (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 1.40; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-1.91). We also divided participants into four BP phenotype groups as follows: "both non-elevated" (MEdif < 20 mmHg and MEave SBP < 135 mmHg), "elevated-MEdif" (MEdif ≥ 20 mmHg and MEave SBP < 135 mmHg), "elevated-MEave" (MEdif < 20 mmHg and MEave SBP ≥ 135 mmHg), and "both elevated" (MEdif ≥ 20 mmHg and MEave SBP ≥ 135 mmHg). The cumulative incidence of CVD events was higher in patients with the "elevated-MEdif," "elevated-MEave," and "both elevated" phenotypes than in those with the "both non-elevated" phenotype. After adjusting for covariates, the "both elevated" phenotype was associated with higher CVD risk than the "both non-elevated" phenotype (adjusted HR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.09-2.46). This is the first study demonstrating a direct correlation between CVD outcomes and the difference between morning and evening home SBP.
Topics: Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; Cardiovascular Diseases; Circadian Rhythm; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Japan; Male; Middle Aged
PubMed: 34321616
DOI: 10.1038/s41440-021-00686-2 -
Chronobiology International Dec 2022Morningness is associated with well-being, better sleep quality, and more conscientiousness, while eveningness is associated with negative emotionality, poorer sleep...
Morningness is associated with well-being, better sleep quality, and more conscientiousness, while eveningness is associated with negative emotionality, poorer sleep quality, and less conscientiousness. The current study aimed to further understanding of associations with conscientiousness by assessing specific behavioural indicators of conscientiousness, morningness-eveningness, and also the Morning Affect and Distinctness (amplitude of diurnal variation) aspects of circadian functioning. A survey of Chinese university students ( = 369, aged 18-30, mean = 19.48, = 1.922; 108 males, 261 females), included the Morningness-Eveningness-Stability-Scale, measures of conscientiousness, mindfulness, life satisfaction, aspects of sleep, and the Behavioural Indicators of Conscientiousness (BIC) scale. Morningness and Morning Affect were positively correlated with life satisfaction, mindfulness, better sleep quality, more conscientiousness, and with BIC including Hardworking, Self-control, and Punctuality. Distinctness showed negative correlations with these variables. Negative correlations between Eveningness and conscientiousness, and the BIC subscales of Hardworking and Cleanliness were no longer significant after controlling for Morning Affect. Mediation analysis showed that the associations between Eveningness and conscientiousness/BIC were mediated by Morning Affect. These results extend previous research by showing associations between circadian functioning and specific behavioural indicators of conscientiousness, and suggest that low Morning Affect may provide a mechanism for the relationship between Eveningness and conscientiousness.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Circadian Rhythm; Sleep; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 36278268
DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2134787 -
Experimental Physiology May 2023What is the central question of this study? We sought to establish between-day reproducibility in estimates of middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv) and...
NEW FINDINGS
What is the central question of this study? We sought to establish between-day reproducibility in estimates of middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv) and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) in young, healthy male and female adults in tightly controlled experimental conditions. What is the main finding and its importance? Measures of MCAv assessed during morning, afternoon and evening hours are reproducible between days. There is diurnal variation in CVR, with values being highest during the evening compared with the morning. Greater diurnal variation in CVR is associated with more efficient sleep and greater nocturnal blood pressure dipping. These data enhance our understanding of modulators of MCAv and CVR.
ABSTRACT
Transcranial Doppler (TCD) is used to assess cerebral blood velocity (CBV) and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR). Assessments of TCD reproducibility are limited, and few include multiple within-day measurements. We sought to establish reproducibility of CBV and CVR in healthy adults during three time periods (morning, afternoon and evening). We hypothesized that CBV and CVR measured at the same time of day are reproducible between days. We also hypothesized that CBV and CVR exhibit diurnal variation, with measurements being higher in the evening compared with morning/afternoon hours. Twelve adults [six male and six female, 27 years (95% CI, 22-31 years)] completed three measurements (morning, afternoon and evening) on two separate days in controlled conditions (e.g., meals, activity and sleep). Middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv, TCD) was measured continuously at rest and during two CVR tests (end-expiratory apnoea and carbogen inhalation). Intraclass correlation coefficients for resting MCAv showed moderate to good reproducibility, which did not differ between morning, afternoon and evening (0.87, 0.56 and 0.67, respectively; P > 0.05). Intraclass correlation coefficients for peak MCAv during apnoea (0.80, 0.46 and 0.65, respectively; P > 0.05) and minute 2 of carbogen inhalation (0.81, 0.74 and 0.73, respectively; P > 0.05) were also not different from morning compared with afternoon/evening. Time of day had no effect on resting MCAv (F = 0.69, P = 0.51, ƞ = 0.06) or the peak response to apnoea (F = 1.00, P = 0.39, ƞ = 0.08); however, peak MCAv during carbogen breathing exhibited diurnal variation, with highest values in the evening (F = 3.41, P = 0.05, ƞ = 0.24). Measures of CBV and CVR assessed via TCD during morning, afternoon and evening hours are reproducible between days. There is diurnal variation in the MCAv response to carbogen exposure, with CVR being highest during evening compared with morning hours.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Male; Female; Middle Cerebral Artery; Apnea; Reproducibility of Results; Carbon Dioxide; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Blood Flow Velocity
PubMed: 36951536
DOI: 10.1113/EP090873 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Jan 2022Naloxegol antagonizes peripheral opioid-related side effects without preventing opioid-related analgesia. However, the effect of naloxegol on opioid-induced bladder...
BACKGROUND
Naloxegol antagonizes peripheral opioid-related side effects without preventing opioid-related analgesia. However, the effect of naloxegol on opioid-induced bladder dysfunction remains unknown.
HYPOTHESIS
patients given naloxegol have lower residual bladder urine volume than those given placebo.
METHODS
136 patients scheduled for elective hip and knee surgery were randomized to oral naloxegol or placebo given the morning of surgery, and on the first two postoperative mornings. Residual urine volume was measured ultrasonographically within 30 min after voiding once in the morning and once in the afternoon for two postoperative days. Opioid-related Symptom Distress Scale (ORSDS), the need for indwelling urinary catheterization, and quality of recovery (QoR) score were secondary outcomes.
RESULTS
67 were randomized to naloxegol and 64 to placebo. We did not identify a significant effect on urine residual volume, with an estimated ratio of geometric means of 0.9 (0.3, 2.6), = 0.84. There were no significant differences in ORSDS or QoR. There were 19 (29%) patients assigned to naloxegol who needed indwelling urination catheterization versus 7 (11%) patients in the placebo group, = 0.012.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results do not support use of naloxegol for postoperative urinary retention after hip and knee surgery.
PubMed: 35054148
DOI: 10.3390/jcm11020454 -
Rhinology Oct 2023Cumulative animal studies have suggested that olfaction can be regulated by circadian clock. However, human studies on the topic are relatively limited. The present...
BACKGROUND
Cumulative animal studies have suggested that olfaction can be regulated by circadian clock. However, human studies on the topic are relatively limited. The present study thus aimed to investigate diurnal variation in olfaction in healthy adults while examining potential modulating factors.
METHODS
We conducted four rounds of testing on 56 healthy adults (32 women) aged 31 ± 12 years, throughout a single day, during morning (8:00-10:00 h), noon (12:00-14:00 h), afternoon (16:00-18:00 h), and evening (20:00-22:00 h). At the first appointment, participants completed full olfactory function testing using the Sniffin’ Sticks, questionnaires on medical history, nasal symptoms, sleep quality, and chronotype, and were assessed for blood pressure, heart rate, peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF), attention level, and rated their smell ability, nasal patency, wakefulness, and concentration level using visual analog scale (VAS) ratings. Subsequent appointments measured olfactory threshold, attentional level, PNIF, blood pressure, heart rate and VAS ratings repeatedly.
RESULTS
Olfactory threshold (OT) scores varied significantly between different times of the day, with the highest score in the evening and the lowest in the morning. Similar differences were also observed in PNIF, with the highest value in the evening and the lowest in the morning. However, there were no significant correlations between OT score and PNIF across all four-time testing, as well as between differences in [OT evening â€" OT morning] and [PNIF evening â€" PNIF morning]. Furthermore, a generalized linear mixed model indicated that the testing time of the morning, evening chronotype, self-reported body mass index (BMI), rated smell ability, and rated nasal patency significantly predicted the Sniffin' Sticks OT score.
CONCLUSIONS
Olfactory function fluctuates throughout the waking hours of the day, with the highest olfactory sensitivity observed in the evening and the lowest in the morning. This pattern is also seen in nasal patency. However, it appears that the circadian changes of nasal airflow may not significantly depend on the circadian changes of the olfactory sensitivity. In addition, chronotype and BMI may regulate such olfactory-circadian variation. These findings provide important insights for future research on the accurate diagnosis and treatment of olfactory dysfunction.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Female; Chronotype; Nose; Circadian Rhythm; Smell; Surveys and Questionnaires; Sleep
PubMed: 37506378
DOI: 10.4193/Rhin23.150 -
Arthritis & Rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) Apr 2020Morning stiffness is a hallmark symptom of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but its etiology is poorly understood. This study was undertaken to determine whether any...
OBJECTIVE
Morning stiffness is a hallmark symptom of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but its etiology is poorly understood. This study was undertaken to determine whether any histologic features of synovium are associated with this symptom.
METHODS
Data on patient-reported morning stiffness duration and severity, and Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28) were collected from 176 patients with RA undergoing arthroplasty. Synovium was scored for 10 histopathologic features: synovial lining hyperplasia, lymphocytes, plasma cells, Russell bodies, binucleate plasma cells, fibrin, synovial giant cells, detritus, neutrophils, and mucin. Fibrinolysis of clots seeded with various cell types was measured in turbidimetric lysis assays.
RESULTS
Stiffness severity and morning stiffness duration were both significantly associated with DAS28 (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.001, respectively). None of the synovial features examined were associated with patient-reported stiffness severity. The presence of neutrophils and fibrin in RA synovial tissue were significantly associated (P < 0.0001) with patient-reported morning stiffness of ≥1 hour, such that 73% of patients with both synovial fibrin and neutrophils reported morning stiffness of ≥1 hour. Further, neutrophils and fibrin deposits colocalized along the synovial lining. In in vitro analyses, fibrin clots seeded with necrotic neutrophils were more resistant to fibrinolysis than those seeded with living neutrophils or no cells (P = 0.008). DNase I treatment of necrotic neutrophils abrogated the delay in fibrinolysis.
CONCLUSION
In RA, prolonged morning stiffness may be related to impaired fibrinolysis of neutrophil-enmeshed fibrin deposits along the synovial membrane. Our findings also suggest that morning stiffness severity and duration may reflect distinct pathophysiologic phenomena.
Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Female; Fibrin; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neutrophils; Severity of Illness Index; Synovial Membrane
PubMed: 31612614
DOI: 10.1002/art.41141 -
Journal of Insect Physiology Jan 2022At high density, juvenile locusts create marching hopper bands. Understanding the roles of temperature and vegetation on the movement of these bands shall allow to...
At high density, juvenile locusts create marching hopper bands. Understanding the roles of temperature and vegetation on the movement of these bands shall allow to better forecast and control them. Following a hopper band in North Argentina in November 2019, we explored the thermoregulation behaviours of the South American locust, Schistocerca cancellata. Gut-content samples informed about the feeding status at different time of the day. Hoppers' body temperature was above cold air temperature in the mornings during basking and group-basking activities and before the onset of marching behaviour. Marching by walking or hopping was dominant at body temperatures close to 40 °C. Jumping, stilting, shading and perching on plants were seen as thermoregulatory behaviours to avoid ground temperatures above 50 °C. Feeding was observed throughout the day with continuous high gut contents despite an intermittent pattern of feeding-resting-marching. Speed and daily travelled distance of the front of the hopper band was depending on the type of encountered vegetation. Daily behavioural patterns, thermoregulatory behaviours, walking speed and daily travelled distances of S. cancellata were similar to the ones observed for the Desert locust, S. gregaria, in Africa. High air temperatures recorded during the observation times could explain the continuous feeding patterns. These species may have evolved behaviours of alternating consuming a bit and marching as a migration strategy to avoid staying where no food is available after the havoc left behind large hopper bands. Recommendations made for the control of Desert locust hopper bands can be extended to South American locust ones.
Topics: Animals; Body Temperature Regulation; Feeding Behavior; Grasshoppers; Plants; Temperature
PubMed: 34826390
DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2021.104328 -
Cancer Nursing 2019Morning fatigue is a distinct symptom experienced during chemotherapy that demonstrates significant interindividual variability.
BACKGROUND
Morning fatigue is a distinct symptom experienced during chemotherapy that demonstrates significant interindividual variability.
OBJECTIVES
The aims of this study were to identify subgroups with distinct morning fatigue profiles and evaluate how these subgroups differed by demographic, clinical, and symptom characteristics.
METHODS
Outpatients (N = 1332) with breast, gastrointestinal, gynecological, or lung cancer completed questionnaires 6 times over 2 cycles of chemotherapy. Morning fatigue was assessed with the Lee Fatigue Scale. Latent profile analysis was used to identify distinct morning fatigue profiles.
RESULTS
Four morning fatigue profiles (ie, very low, low, high, and very high) were identified. In the high and very high classes, all 6 morning fatigue scores were higher than the clinical cutoff score. Compared with those in the very low and low classes, patients in the very high class were younger and not married/partnered; lived alone; had higher incomes, higher comorbidity, and higher body mass index; and did not exercise regularly. Across the 4 classes, functional status and attentional function scores decreased and anxiety, depression, sleep disturbance, morning fatigue, and evening fatigue scores increased across the 2 cycles.
CONCLUSION
Results provide insights into modifiable risk factors for morning fatigue. These risk factors can be used to develop more targeted interventions.
IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE
Patients in the high and very high morning fatigue classes experienced high symptom and comorbidity burdens and significant decrements in functional status. Using this information, clinicians can identify patients who are at an increased risk for higher levels of morning fatigue and prescribe interventions to improve this devastating symptom.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antineoplastic Agents; Fatigue; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Outpatients; Risk Factors; Severity of Illness Index; Sleep Wake Disorders; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 30024437
DOI: 10.1097/NCC.0000000000000626