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Journal of American College Health : J... Oct 2022To understand environmental predictors (i.e., nighttime noise disturbance) of sleep health (i.e., restedness) in residential college students and its potential mental...
To understand environmental predictors (i.e., nighttime noise disturbance) of sleep health (i.e., restedness) in residential college students and its potential mental health consequences, this study examined daily variation in restedness upon awakening as a potential mediator between nightly environmental noise disturbances and daily fluctuations in depressive and anxiety symptoms. The sample was comprised of 283 college students (M = 19.9, = 1.9; 79% female). Multilevel structural equation modeling was conducted based on an initial self-report, online questionnaire and an online 7-day daily sleep (morning) and mood (evening) diary. Daily fluctuations in college students' reports of restedness (morning diary) mediated the association between the nighttime presence of noise disturbances (morning diary) and depressive and anxiety symptoms (evening diary). Given the high prevalence of mental health problems in college students, creating more conducive sleep environments may help to prevent depressive and anxiety symptoms in this population.
Topics: Adult; Anxiety; Depression; Female; Humans; Male; Sleep; Students; Universities; Young Adult
PubMed: 33253078
DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1842422 -
International Journal of Sports... Sep 2019To analyze the diurnal variation of maximal fat oxidation (MFO) and the intensity that elicits MFO (Fatmax) in trained male athletes.
PURPOSE
To analyze the diurnal variation of maximal fat oxidation (MFO) and the intensity that elicits MFO (Fatmax) in trained male athletes.
METHODS
A total of 12 endurance-trained male athletes age 24.7 (4.1) y participated in the study. The authors measured MFO, Fatmax, maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max), and VO2 percentage at ventilatory threshold 2 with a graded exercise protocol performed on 2 days separated by 1 wk. One test was performed in the morning and the other in the afternoon. The authors assessed the participants' chronotype using the HÖME questionnaire.
RESULTS
MFO and Fatmax were greater in the afternoon than in the morning (Δ = 13%, P < .001 and Δ = 6%, P = .001, respectively), whereas there were similar VO2max and ventilatory threshold 2 in the morning, than in the afternoon test (Δ = 0.2%, P = .158 and Δ = 7%, P = .650, respectively). There was a strong positive association between VO2max and MFO in both morning and afternoon assessments (R2 = .783, P = .001 and R2 = .663, P < .001, respectively). Similarly, there was a positive association between VO2max and Fatmax in both morning and afternoon assessments (R2 = .406, P = .024 and R2 = .414, P = .026, respectively).
CONCLUSION
MFO and Fatmax may partially explain some of the observed diurnal variation in the performance of endurance sports.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Athletes; Basal Metabolism; Circadian Rhythm; Endurance Training; Energy Metabolism; Exercise Test; Humans; Male; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxygen Consumption; Young Adult
PubMed: 30702364
DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2018-0854 -
Journal of Alzheimer's Disease : JAD 2022High day-to-day blood pressure variability (BPV) has been associated with an increased risk for cognitive decline and mortality in the general population. Whether BPV is...
BACKGROUND
High day-to-day blood pressure variability (BPV) has been associated with an increased risk for cognitive decline and mortality in the general population. Whether BPV is associated with increased all-cause mortality in older people with cognitive impairment is unknown.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the association between day-to-day home BPV and all-cause mortality in older patients attending a memory clinic.
METHODS
We included 279 patients attending a memory clinic, who measured home blood pressure (BP) for 7 consecutive days in the morning and evening. Within-subject BPV was defined as the variation independent of the mean (VIM). Time-to-death was verified through the Dutch population registry. Cox proportional hazard regression was used. Separate analyses were performed for morning-to-morning and evening-to-evening BPV.
RESULTS
Mean age was 73±9 years, dementia and mild cognitive impairment were diagnosed in 35% and 34% respectively, and mean home BP was 139/79 mmHg. After a mean follow-up of 3.2 years, 52 patients had died. Neither day-to-day systolic nor diastolic VIM were associated with mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] systolic VIM: 0.99, 95% -CI 0.92-1.06, p = 0.770, HR diastolic VIM: 1.04, 95% -CI 0.93-1.17, p = 0.517). When morning and evening measurements were analyzed separately, systolic morning-to-morning VIM was associated with mortality (adjusted HR: 1.09, 95% -CI 1.01-1.18, p = 0.033).
CONCLUSION
In this study, day-to-day BPV was not associated with all-cause mortality in patients attending a memory clinic. However, morning-to-morning BPV was. Due to the short assessment window, there is still a lack of clarity; hence future research is warranted to clarify the role of all BPV components in aging.
Topics: Aged; Aging; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; Cognitive Dysfunction; Female; Humans; Male; Mortality; Risk Factors
PubMed: 34924378
DOI: 10.3233/JAD-215002 -
Journal of Hypertension Jun 2021The prognostic importance of the nocturnal blood pressure (BP) fall and early-morning surge were scarcely investigated in patients with resistant hypertension (RHT). We...
OBJECTIVE
The prognostic importance of the nocturnal blood pressure (BP) fall and early-morning surge were scarcely investigated in patients with resistant hypertension (RHT). We investigated them in a prospective cohort of 1726 RHT individuals.
METHODS
The nocturnal fall and morning surge were calculated from the baseline ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) and also as mean cumulative values using all ABPMs performed during follow-up. Dipping patterns (normal, extreme, reduced, and reverse) were defined by classic cut-off values of the night-to-day ratio, while MS (difference between early-morning and night-time BP) was categorized into quartiles and at the extremes of its distribution (5th, 10th, 90th, and 95th percentiles). The primary outcomes were total cardiovascular events (CVEs), major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), all-cause and cardiovascular mortalities. Multivariate Cox analyses examined the associations between nocturnal BP fall and morning surge and outcomes.
RESULTS
Over a median follow-up of 8.3 years, 417 CVEs occurred (358 MACEs), and 391 individuals died (233 cardiovascular deaths). Reduced and reverse dipping patterns were significant predictors of CVEs and MACEs, with hazard ratios between 1.6 and 2.5, whereas extreme dipping was a protective factor in younger individuals (hazard ratios 0.3--0.4) but a hazardous factor in elderly (hazard ratios 3.7--5.0) and in individuals with previous cardiovascular diseases (hazard ratios 2.6--4.4). No morning surge parameter was predictive of any outcome in fully adjusted analyses.
CONCLUSION
Abnormal dipping patterns but not the early-morning BP surge, were important prognostic markers for future cardiovascular morbidity in RHT patients. The prognosis of extreme dippers depended on age and the presence of cardiovascular diseases.
Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; Cardiovascular Diseases; Circadian Rhythm; Humans; Hypertension; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 33427790
DOI: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000002775 -
Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi =... May 2022Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous disease, with diurnal variations in symptoms, among which morning symptoms are the most common, which... (Review)
Review
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous disease, with diurnal variations in symptoms, among which morning symptoms are the most common, which have an important impact on patients' daily activities, quality of life and health, and the risk of exacerbations. This review focuses on the occurrence of morning symptoms of COPD, their impacts on patients with COPD, the tools used to assess morning symptoms, and the current treatment of morning symptoms.
Topics: Circadian Rhythm; Humans; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Quality of Life; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 35527465
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20210828-00602 -
The American Journal of Geriatric... Apr 2022Morning activation deficits (MADs) correlate with depression symptom persistence in older dementia caregivers. To clarify the potential of MADs as a target for...
OBJECTIVES
Morning activation deficits (MADs) correlate with depression symptom persistence in older dementia caregivers. To clarify the potential of MADs as a target for depression interventions, we aimed to: 1) adapt an existing behavioral activation program, Engage therapy, to target mornings; and 2) evaluate effects on self-reported MADs and depression symptoms.
METHODS
While trialing the 9-week Engage adaption (targeting mornings) in six older dementia caregivers, we incorporated feedback and finalized an adapted program called Scheduling Activity and Monitoring Mornings (SAMM). We delivered the SAMM protocol to 13 dementia caregivers (all female; mean age = 69, standard deviation = 7). We report modifications made/rationale, as well as changes in subjective MADs (relevant items from the Composite Scale of Morningness) and depression symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire - 9).
RESULTS
Using caregiver and expert input, we adapted the protocol to: include educational materials/content describing the potential relationship between morning inactivity and depression; target activity scheduling within 2 hours of awakening (preferably earlier); and focus only on the main components of morning activity scheduling, planning, and monitoring. This program was associated with decreases in subjective MADs averaging 29% at week 4, 52% at week 6, and 57% by week 9 (all p's <0.005). Initial depression symptoms were significantly reduced, by 62%, at week 9.
CONCLUSIONS
These preliminary findings suggest that subjective MADs can be modified pragmatically, and that doing so may have antidepressant effects. A controlled trial with measures of the putative mechanism is needed to clarify whether, and if so how, targeting MAD with SAMM causally perturbs depression's mechanisms.
Topics: Aged; Antidepressive Agents; Behavior Therapy; Caregivers; Dementia; Depression; Female; Humans; Pilot Projects
PubMed: 34753633
DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2021.09.017 -
PeerJ 2022The present study seeks to explore the relationship between measures of cycling training on a given day and the heart rate variability (HRV) and mood states obtained the...
OBJECTIVE
The present study seeks to explore the relationship between measures of cycling training on a given day and the heart rate variability (HRV) and mood states obtained the following morning. The association between HRV and mood state is also studied, as is the relationship between internal and external measures of training.
METHODS
During a 6-week period, five recreational road cyclists collected 123 recordings of morning HRV and morning mood, and 66 recordings of training power and rate of perceived exertion (RPE). Training power was used as an external measure of performance and RPE as an internal measure of performance. The HRV parameters used in the study were the mean of RR intervals (mean RR) and the standard deviation of all RR intervals (SDNN) as time domain analysis, and the normalized high frequency band (HFnu), normalized low frequency band (LFnu) and the ratio between low and high frequency bands, as frequency domain analysis. Mood was measured using a 10-point cognitive scale.
RESULTS
It was found that the higher the training power on a given day, the lower the HFnu and the higher LF/HF were on the following morning. At the same time, results showed an inverse relationship between training and mood, so the tougher a training session, the lower the mood the following day. A relationship between morning HRV and mood was also found, so that the higher mean RR and HFnu, the more positive the mood (r = 0.497 and r = 0.420 respectively; < 0.001). Finally, RPE correlated positively with external power load variables (IF: r = 0.545; < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
Altogether, the results indicate a relationship between training of cyclists on a given day and their morning HRV and mood state on the following day. Mood and HRV also seem positively related. It is argued that developing a monitoring system that considers external and internal training loads, together with morning mood, could help understand the state of the individual, enabling feedback to athletes to facilitate the adaptation to training and to prevent problems associated with overtraining. However, more research is needed to further understand the association between the different variables considered.
Topics: Humans; Heart Rate; Pilot Projects; Electrocardiography; Bicycling; Athletes
PubMed: 35378933
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13094 -
Hypertension Research : Official... Mar 2023The aim of this study was to determine the independent association of nocturnal hypoxia with morning minus evening home blood pressure (MEdif) in a cohort of outpatients...
The aim of this study was to determine the independent association of nocturnal hypoxia with morning minus evening home blood pressure (MEdif) in a cohort of outpatients with at least one cardiovascular risk. A total of 1053 participants underwent home blood pressure (BP) portable pulse oximetry measurements, and 147 (14%) had an MEdif ≥20 mmHg, where MEdif was defined as the difference between morning and evening home systolic BP. When participants were divided into quartiles according to the lowest oxygen saturation (SpO) during the nighttime, those in the lowest quartile (range, 54-79%) were significantly more likely to have MEdif ≥20 mmHg than those in the top quartile (range, 89-97%) (adjusted odds ratio, 1.98; 95% confidence interval, 1.13-3.49). The present study revealed an association between lowest SpO during the nighttime and increased MEdif in a cohort of outpatients with at least one cardiovascular risk.
Topics: Humans; Blood Pressure; Hypertension; General Practitioners; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; Hypoxia; Circadian Rhythm
PubMed: 36207529
DOI: 10.1038/s41440-022-01054-4 -
Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine :... Oct 2020Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic condition that is characterized by recurrent pauses in breathing during sleep causing intermittent hypoxia. The main factor...
STUDY OBJECTIVES
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic condition that is characterized by recurrent pauses in breathing during sleep causing intermittent hypoxia. The main factor responsible for oxygen metabolism homeostasis is hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), comprised of 2 subunits: α (oxygen sensitive) and β. The aim of the study was to investigate the HIF-1α serum protein level and mRNA HIF-1α expression in patients with OSA and a healthy control group and determine their evening-morning variation and association with polysomnography parameters.
METHODS
Eighty-four individuals were enrolled in the study. All patients underwent polysomnography examination and based on the results were divided into 2 groups: OSA group (n = 60) and control group (n = 24). Peripheral blood was collected in the evening before and in the morning after the polysomnography. HIF-1α expression was evaluated on protein in blood serum and mRNA level in peripheral blood leukocytes.
RESULTS
HIF-1α serum protein concentration was higher in patients with OSA compared with control patients in both the evening (1,490.1 vs. 727.0 pg/mL; P < .001) and the morning (1,368.9 vs. 702.1 pg/mL; P < .001) samples. There was no difference between evening and morning HIF-1α serum protein level in either group. No differences were observed in HIF-1α mRNA expression between the OSA and control group. Additionally, evening and morning HIF-1α serum protein level correlated with number of desaturations during sleep (r = .384, P < .001 and r = .433, P < .001, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
Observed differences in HIF-1α serum protein level between the OSA and the control groups without difference between evening and morning measurements suggest chronic increase in this protein concentration by intermittent nocturnal hypoxia in OSA.
Topics: Blood Proteins; Humans; Hypoxia; Polysomnography; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive; Up-Regulation
PubMed: 32663129
DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.8682 -
BioRxiv : the Preprint Server For... Sep 2023Time-of-day differences in acute exercise performance in mice are well established with late active phase (afternoon) runners exhibiting significantly greater endurance...
Time-of-day differences in acute exercise performance in mice are well established with late active phase (afternoon) runners exhibiting significantly greater endurance performance compared to early active phase (morning) runners. In this study, we asked if performance adaptations would be different when training for 6 weeks at two different times of day, and if this corresponds to steady state changes in the phase of peripheral tissue clocks. To address these questions, we endurance trained female PER2::Luciferase mice, at the same relative workload, either in the morning, at ZT13, or in the afternoon, at ZT22. Then, after training, we recorded luminescence from tissues of PER2::Luciferase mice to report timing of tissue clocks in several peripheral tissues. After 6 weeks, we found that both groups exhibited significant improvements in maximal endurance capacity (total treadmill work)( < 0.0001), but the morning runners exhibited an enhanced rate of adaptation as there was no detectable difference in maximal endurance capacity = 0.2182) between the morning and afternoon runners. In addition, morning and afternoon runners exhibited divergent clock phase shifts with a significant 5-hour phase advance in the EDL ( < 0.0001) and soleus ( < 0.0001) of morning runners, but a phase delay in the EDL ( < 0.0001) and Soleus ( < 0.0001) of afternoon runners. Therefore, our data demonstrate that morning training enhances endurance adaptations compared to afternoon training in mice, and we suggest this is due to phase advancement of muscle clocks to better align metabolism with exercise performance.
PubMed: 37781623
DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.18.557933