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JAMA Mar 2023
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Humans; Cause of Death; Mortality; Child Mortality; United States
PubMed: 36912829
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.3517 -
Journal of Epidemiology Jul 2021Unlike many North American and European countries, Japan has observed a continuous increase in cancer incidence over the last few decades. We examined the most recent...
BACKGROUND
Unlike many North American and European countries, Japan has observed a continuous increase in cancer incidence over the last few decades. We examined the most recent trends in population-based cancer incidence and mortality in Japan.
METHODS
National cancer mortality data between 1958 and 2018 were obtained from published vital statistics. Cancer incidence data between 1985 and 2015 were obtained from high-quality population-based cancer registries maintained by three prefectures (Yamagata, Fukui, and Nagasaki). Trends in age-standardized rates (ASR) were examined using Joinpoint regression analysis.
RESULTS
For males, all-cancer incidence increased between 1985 and 1996 (annual percent change [APC] +1.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.7-1.5%), increased again in 2000-2010 (+1.3%; 95% CI, 0.9-1.8%), and then decreased until 2015 (-1.4%; 95% CI, -2.5 to -0.3%). For females, all-cancer incidence increased until 2010 (+0.8%; 95% CI, 0.6-0.9% in 1985-2004 and +2.4%; 95% CI, 1.3-3.4% in 2004-2010), and stabilized thereafter until 2015. The post-2000 increase was mainly attributable to prostate in males and breast in females, which slowed or levelled during the first decade of the 2000s. After a sustained increase, all-cancer mortality for males decreased in 1996-2013 (-1.6%; 95% CI, -1.6 to -1.5%) and accelerated thereafter until 2018 (-2.5%; 95% CI, -2.9 to -2.0%). All-cancer mortality for females decreased intermittently throughout the observation period, with the most recent APC of -1.0% (95% CI, -1.1 to -0.9%) in 2003-2018. The recent decreases in mortality in both sexes, and in incidence in males, were mainly attributable to stomach, liver, and male lung cancers.
CONCLUSION
The ASR of all-cancer incidence began decreasing significantly in males and levelled off in females in 2010.
Topics: Female; Humans; Incidence; Japan; Male; Mortality; Neoplasms; Registries
PubMed: 33551387
DOI: 10.2188/jea.JE20200416 -
National Vital Statistics Reports :... Sep 2023Objective-This report presents final 2020 data on U.S. deaths, death rates, life expectancy, infant and maternal mortality, and trends by selected characteristics such...
Objective-This report presents final 2020 data on U.S. deaths, death rates, life expectancy, infant and maternal mortality, and trends by selected characteristics such as age, sex, Hispanic origin and race, state of residence, and cause of death. Methods-Information reported on death certificates is presented in descriptive tabulations. The original records are filed in state registration offices. Statistical information is compiled in a national database through the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program of the National Center for Health Statistics. Causes of death are processed according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision. Beginning in 2018, all states and the District of Columbia were using the 2003 revised certificate of death for the entire year, which includes the 1997 Office of Management and Budget revised standards for race. Data based on these revised standards are not completely comparable to previous years. Results-In 2020, a total of 3,383,729 deaths were reported in the United States. The age-adjusted death rate was 835.4 deaths per 100,000 U.S. standard population, an increase of 16.8% from the 2019 rate. Life expectancy at birth was 77.0 years, a decrease of 1.8 years from 2019. Age-specific death rates increased from 2019 to 2020 for age groups 15 years and over and decreased for age group under 1 year. Many of the 15 leading causes of death in 2020 changed from 2019. COVID-19, a new cause of death in 2020, became the third leading cause in 2020. The infant mortality rate decreased 2.9% to a historic low of 5.42 infant deaths per 1,000 live births in 2020. Conclusions-In 2020, the age-adjusted death rate increased and life expectancy at birth decreased for the total, male, and female populations, primarily due to the influence of deaths from COVID-19.
Topics: Adolescent; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; COVID-19; Databases, Factual; District of Columbia; Hispanic or Latino; Infant Death; United States; Cause of Death; Life Expectancy; Infant Mortality; Mortality; Maternal Mortality
PubMed: 37748091
DOI: No ID Found -
Salud Publica de Mexico Feb 2021Objetivo. Estimar el exceso de defunciones por todas las causas en México durante 2020. Material y métodos. Se construyó un canal endémico con las defunciones...
Objetivo. Estimar el exceso de defunciones por todas las causas en México durante 2020. Material y métodos. Se construyó un canal endémico con las defunciones (2015- 2019), estableciendo el umbral epidémico en el percentil 90, y se comparó con las actas de defunción para estimar el exceso de mortalidad. Resultados. A la semana 53, ocurrieron 326 612 defunciones en exceso (45.1%), con un máximo en la semana 28 (98.0%) y un mínimo en la semana 41 (35.2%); después de la semana 4 los hombres (51.3%), principalmente de 45-64 años de edad, sin embargo, en los de 60 años o más ocurrió el mayor nú-mero de defunciones. Conclusión. En México, el exceso de mortalidad ha sido prolongado en comparación con otros países, con alta variabilidad interestatal. Esto podría deberse a las condiciones socioeconómicas y a la alta prevalencia de comorbilidades que aumentan el riesgo de morir en la población mexicana.
Topics: COVID-19; Cause of Death; Female; Humans; Male; Mexico; Middle Aged; Mortality; Pandemics
PubMed: 34098600
DOI: 10.21149/12225 -
Journal of Public Health (Oxford,... Nov 2023Cardiovascular and cancer mortality are the two leading causes of death in the developed world including the USA. However, mortality trends for these diseases are highly...
BACKGROUND
Cardiovascular and cancer mortality are the two leading causes of death in the developed world including the USA. However, mortality trends for these diseases are highly dynamic, and the geographic landscape is in transition. We analyze patterns of mortality improvement at county level during recent decades focusing on mortality decline and geographic diversity.
METHODS
We grouped age-adjusted mortality rates of cardiovascular and cancer diseases from CDC WONDER for 2959 US counties into 3-year time periods to improve reliability. We calculated percent mortality decrease between 1981-83 and 2016-19 for both causes to quantify mortality improvements for counties.
RESULTS
Using standard deviation as an index of disparities, place-based cancer mortalities were 68% larger than cardiovascular disparities. Significantly, 566 US counties had same or higher rates of cancer mortality in 2019 as in 1981. The geographic distribution of mortality improvement in either cause tends to favor largely populated areas along coasts. Less-populated, rural places in the interior and southeastern regions were experiencing less improvement.
CONCLUSIONS
At the county level, large place-based disparities exist for both causes of death with the magnitude of disparities being substantially larger for the reduction in cancer deaths. Put differently, place matters, more for cancer than cardiovascular mortality.
Topics: Humans; Mortality; Neoplasms; Reproducibility of Results; United States; Cardiovascular Diseases; Geography
PubMed: 37395175
DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdad089 -
BMC Cancer Jul 2020The incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing worldwide. This is not accompanied by a corresponding increase in mortality. In contrast, in most populations' thyroid...
BACKGROUND
The incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing worldwide. This is not accompanied by a corresponding increase in mortality. In contrast, in most populations' thyroid cancer mortality has been decreasing in recent decades, although there are some notable exceptions. Relatively few studies focus on mortality and in Latin America we do not find evidence on the temporal trend of mortality. The study of the epidemiology of the thyroid cancer should be approached with a suitable methodology and with data based on the population. Trends should be expressed as an annual percentage of change and/or average annual rate of change. An appropriate method for analyzing trends in thyroid cancer mortality rates is the Joinpoint regression analysis. Previously published findings are described, and the methodology used is compared.
SHORT CONCLUSION
At the global level, Ecuador is one of the countries with the highest incidence rate of thyroid cancer. However, mortality data are scarce and not rigorous. It is important to raise awareness of updated and reliable population-based data on the trend of thyroid cancer mortality in Eccuador.
Topics: Ecuador; Humans; Incidence; Mortality; Registries; Survival Rate; Thyroid Neoplasms
PubMed: 32646384
DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07137-0 -
American Family Physician Jul 2020
Review
Topics: Adult; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Mortality; Neoplasms; Treatment Outcome; Vitamin D; Vitamins
PubMed: 32603077
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Maternal-fetal &... Aug 2022This is the first comprehensive review to focus on currently available evidence regarding maternal, fetal and neonatal mortality cases associated with Coronavirus...
OBJECTIVE
This is the first comprehensive review to focus on currently available evidence regarding maternal, fetal and neonatal mortality cases associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, up to July 2020.
METHODS
We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and Web of Science databases to identify any reported cases of maternal, fetal or neonatal mortality associated with COVID-19 infection. The references of relevant studies were also hand-searched.
RESULTS
Of 2815 studies screened, 10 studies reporting 37 maternal and 12 perinatal mortality cases (7 fetal demise and 5 neonatal death) were finally eligible for inclusion to this review. All maternal deaths were seen in women with previous co-morbidities, of which the most common were obesity, diabetes, asthma and advanced maternal age. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and severity of pneumonia were considered as the leading causes of all maternal mortalities, except for one case who died of thromboembolism during postpartum period. Fetal and neonatal mortalities were suggested to be a result of the severity of maternal infection or the prematurity, respectively. Interestingly, there was no evidence of vertical transmission or positive COVID-19 test result among expired neonates.
CONCLUSION
Current available evidence suggested that maternal mortality mostly happened among women with previous co-morbidities and neonatal mortality seems to be a result of prematurity rather than infection. However, further reports are needed so that the magnitude of the maternal and perinatal mortality could be determined more precisely.
Topics: COVID-19; Female; Humans; Infant Mortality; Infant, Newborn; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Maternal Mortality; Perinatal Death; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 32799712
DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1806817 -
Puerto Rico Health Sciences Journal Mar 2023The analysis of morbidity and mortality is fundamental for improving the quality of patient care. The objective of this study was to evaluate the combined medical and...
OBJECTIVE
The analysis of morbidity and mortality is fundamental for improving the quality of patient care. The objective of this study was to evaluate the combined medical and surgical morbidity and mortality of neurosurgical patients.
METHODS
We performed a daily prospective compilation of morbidities and mortalities during a consecutive 4-month period in all the patients who were 18 years of age or older and had been admitted to the neurosurgery service at the Puerto Rico Medical Center. For each patient, any surgical or medical complication, adverse event, or death within 30 days was included. The patients' comorbidities were analyzed for their influence on mortality.
RESULTS
Fifty-seven percent of the patients presented at least 1 complication. The most frequent complications were hypertensive episodes, mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours, sodium disturbances, and bronchopneumonia. Twenty-one patients died, for an overall 30-day mortality of 8.2%. Mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours, sodium disturbances, bronchopneumonia, unplanned intubation, acute kidney injury, blood transfusion, shock, urinary tract infection, cardiac arrest, arrhythmia, bacteremia, ventriculitis, sepsis, elevated intracranial pressure, vasospasm, stroke, and hydrocephalus were significant factors for mortality. None of the analyzed patients' comorbidities were significant for mortality or longer length of stay. The type of surgical procedure did not influence the length of stay.
CONCLUSION
The mortality and morbidity analysis provided valuable neurosurgical information that may influence future treatment management and corrective recommendations. Indication and judgment errors were significantly associated with mortality. In our study, the patients' comorbidities were not significant for mortality or increased length of stay.
Topics: Patient Care; Prospective Studies; Neurosurgical Procedures; Postoperative Complications; Hospital Mortality; Comorbidity; Morbidity; Puerto Rico
PubMed: 36941096
DOI: No ID Found -
European Journal of Clinical... Jun 2021Hypertension is usually associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. Uncertainty exists about the possible role of hypertension as a poor prognostic factor for... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Hypertension is usually associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. Uncertainty exists about the possible role of hypertension as a poor prognostic factor for cancer-specific mortality (CSM). To assess the association between pre-existing hypertension and the risk of mortality and relapse after a diagnosis of cancer, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies.
METHODS
PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library and EMBASE were searched from inception until May 2020, without language restrictions, for observational studies reporting the prognosis of patients with hypertension and cancer. The primary outcome of the study refers to CSM in hypertensive vs nonhypertensive patients, and secondary endpoints were overall mortality (OM) and progression- or relapse-free survival. The effect size was reported as hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs.
RESULTS
Mortality and relapse associated with hypertension in patients with various cancers were evaluated among 1 603 437 participants (n = 66 studies). Overall, diagnosis of cancer and hypertension was associated with an increased independent risk of OM (HR = 1.2 [95% CI, 1.13-1.27], P < .01) and CSM (HR = 1.12 [95% CI, 1.04-1.21], P < .01) but not of relapse (HR = 1.08 [95% CI, 0.98-1.19], P = .14).
CONCLUSIONS
Among cancer patients, those with pre-existing hypertension have a poorer outcome, probably due to multifactorial reasons. Adequate control of lifestyle, more intensive follow-ups, monitoring for hypertension- and anticancer-related cardiovascular complications, and establishing multidisciplinary cardio-oncology units can be useful measures for reducing mortality and improving care in this setting.
Topics: Cause of Death; Comorbidity; Disease-Free Survival; Humans; Hypertension; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasms; Proportional Hazards Models; Survival Rate
PubMed: 33470426
DOI: 10.1111/eci.13493