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Journal of Research in Health Sciences Mar 2023This study was conducted to determine the mortality rate and years of life lost (YLL) due to homicide in Fars province.
BACKGROUND
This study was conducted to determine the mortality rate and years of life lost (YLL) due to homicide in Fars province.
STUDY DESIGN
This was a cross-sectional study.
METHODS
All data related to deaths due to homicide in Fars province were obtained from the Populationbased Electronic Death Registration System. Crude and age-standardized mortality rate, YLL, and YLL rate data were calculated and joinpoint regression was used to examine the trend.
RESULTS
During 2004-2019, 2148 deaths due to homicide occurred in Fars province, and (1782 cases (83.0%) were men. The crude mortality rate in men decreased by 44.0% from 2004 to 2019, but a stable trend was observed in women. The total YLL due to homicide during these 16 years was 43230 (1.37 per 1000 people) in men and 8931 (0.29 per 1000 people) in women. According to the joinpoint regression analysis, the 16-year trend of the YLL rate due to premature mortality in men was decreasing, and the annual percent change (APC) was -4.00% (95% confidence interval [CI]: -6.60 to -1.20, =0.008). However, women demonstrated stable trends in this respect, and APC was -0.50% (95% CI: -3.10 to 2.20, =0.704).
CONCLUSION
The crude and standardized mortality rates and the number of YLL due to homicide in the study period had a significant decreasing trend in men but a stable trend in women. To control this issue, officials and policymakers should identify the areas of homicide and control its risk factors such as economic and social issues, drug addiction, and the state of violence.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Homicide; Cause of Death; Iran; Cross-Sectional Studies; Mortality, Premature; Mortality
PubMed: 37571944
DOI: 10.34172/jrhs.2023.108 -
European Journal of Clinical... Mar 2021Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) is a haematological index which reflects increased level of inflammation and thrombosis. We aimed to summarize the potential... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) is a haematological index which reflects increased level of inflammation and thrombosis. We aimed to summarize the potential prognostic role of PLR for the in-hospital and long-term outcomes in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) in a meta-analysis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Relevant cohort studies were identified by search the PubMed, Cochrane's Library and Embase databases. A random-effect model was applied to pool the results. In-hospital and long-term outcomes were compared between patients with higher and lower preprocedural PLR.
RESULTS
Eleven cohorts with 12 619 patients were included. Pooled results showed that higher preprocedural PLR was independently associated with increased risk of in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE, risk ratio [RR]: 1.76, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.39 to 2.22, P < .001; I = 49%), cardiac mortality (RR: 1.91, 95% CI: 1.18 to 3.09, P = .009; I = 0), all-cause mortality (RR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.52 to 3.01, P < .001, I = 24%) and no reflow after pPCI (RR: 2.22, 95% CI: 1.70 to 2.90, P < .001, I = 59%). Moreover, higher preprocedural PLR was associated with increased risk of MACE (RR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.25 to 2.03, I = 57%, P < .001) and all-cause mortality (RR: 2.36, 95% CI: 1.53 to 3.66, I = 78%, P < .001) during long-term follow-up of up to 82 months after discharge.
CONCLUSIONS
Higher PLR predicts poor in-hospital and long-term prognosis in STEMI patients after pPCI.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Hospital Mortality; Humans; Lymphocyte Count; Mortality; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; Platelet Count; Prognosis; ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
PubMed: 32810283
DOI: 10.1111/eci.13386 -
British Journal of Neurosurgery Feb 2022In this article, we have studied what the impact of the 2016 contract has been on the weekend mortality rate in a single UK Neurosurgery centre for emergency admissions.
OBJECTIVE
In this article, we have studied what the impact of the 2016 contract has been on the weekend mortality rate in a single UK Neurosurgery centre for emergency admissions.
METHODS
All adult neurosurgery admissions and mortality data from Leeds General Infirmary in 2016 and 2018 was included. Weekday was defined as between 00:01 am Monday and 23:59 Friday. Weekend was defined as anything outside this timeframe. In the first part of the analysis, we excluded all public holiday admissions and compared mortality risks between weekday and weekend admissions. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to examine the time to in-hospital death or censorship. From the model, we compared the hazard ratio of weekend-vs.-weekday admissions for 7-day, 30-day and overall mortalities as well as compared the hazard of mortality on each day of the week to Wednesday admission. In the second part of the analysis, we compared mortality risks of weekday admissions versus public holiday admissions. Finally, to further evaluate whether there was any change in service standard from 2016 to 2018, we assessed the odds ratio of mortality between admission in 2018 and 2016 on weekends and weekdays excluding public holidays.
RESULTS
At 95% confidence interval, no significant difference in hazard ratio was found between admissions on different days in the week when compared to Wednesday in 2016 and 2018. There is a higher weekday admission 7-day mortality hazard ratio in 2018 compared to 2016 but overall there is no statistically significant difference in mortality hazard ratio between the two years. There is, however, a statistically significant difference in hazard ratio when comparing public holiday mortality in 2018 to weekday mortality.
CONCLUSIONS
There was no weekend effect in our unit in 2016 or in 2018, however there is a public holiday effect in 2018.
Topics: Adult; Hospital Mortality; Hospitalization; Hospitals; Humans; Neurosurgery; Patient Admission; Time Factors
PubMed: 33284053
DOI: 10.1080/02688697.2020.1853674 -
Injury Aug 2021To compare the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status Classification used in two prediction models for 30-day...
OBJECTIVE
To compare the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status Classification used in two prediction models for 30-day mortality after hip fracture surgery.
STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING
Data from 3651 patients (mean age: 83 years) from a Norwegian University Hospital were retrospectively obtained and randomly divided into two cohorts: a model cohort (n = 1825) to develop two prediction models with CCI and ASA as the main predictors, and a validation cohort (n = 1826) to assess the predictive ability of both models. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve determined the best model to predict mortality.
RESULTS
Area under the ROC curve at 30 days was 0.726 (p = 0.988) for both the CCI- and ASA-model. The chosen cut-off-points on the ROC curve for CCI- and ASA-model corresponded to similar model sensitivities of 0.657 and specificities of 0.680 and 0.679, respectively. Hence, each model predicts correctly 66% (n = 96) of the mortalities and 68% (n = 1132 and n = 1131) of the survivals. 23% (n = 33) of the mortalities were predicted by neither model.
CONCLUSION
The CCI- and ASA-model had equal predictive ability of 30-day mortality after hip fracture. Considering the effort involved in calculating Charlson Comorbidity Index score, the ASA score may be the preferred tool to predict the 30-day mortality after hip fracture.
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Comorbidity; Hip Fractures; Hospital Mortality; Humans; ROC Curve; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 33581871
DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2021.02.004 -
Anesthesia and Analgesia Dec 2021The health care systems of low-income countries have severely limited capacity to treat surgical diseases and conditions. There is limited information about which... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
The health care systems of low-income countries have severely limited capacity to treat surgical diseases and conditions. There is limited information about which hospital mortality outcomes are suitable metrics in these settings.
METHODS
We did a 1-year observational cohort study of patient admissions to the Surgery and the Obstetrics and Gynecology departments and of newborns delivered at a Ugandan secondary referral hospital. We examined the proportion of deaths captured by standardized metrics of mortality.
RESULTS
There were 17,015 admissions and 9612 deliveries. A total of 847 deaths were documented: 385 (45.5%) admission deaths and 462 (54.5%) perinatal deaths. Less than one-third of admission deaths occurred during or after an operation (n = 126/385, 32.7%). Trauma and maternal mortality combined with perioperative mortality produced 79.2% (n = 305/385) of admission deaths. Of 462 perinatal deaths, 412 (90.1%) were stillborn, and 50 (10.9%) were early neonatal deaths. The combined metrics of the trauma mortality rate, maternal mortality ratio, thirty-day perioperative mortality rate, and perinatal mortality rate captured 89.8% (n = 761/847) of all deaths documented at the hospital.
CONCLUSIONS
The combination of perinatal, maternal, trauma, and perioperative mortality metrics captured most deaths documented at a Ugandan referral hospital.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Delivery, Obstetric; Female; Hospital Mortality; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Maternal Mortality; Middle Aged; Perinatal Mortality; Perioperative Period; Pregnancy; Reproducibility of Results; Secondary Care Centers; Stillbirth; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Uganda; Wounds and Injuries; Young Adult
PubMed: 34415855
DOI: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000005734 -
Journal of Global Health Oct 2022China accounts for 13% of the world's 5-19-year-olds population. We estimated levels and trends of mortality by sex-age-cause among 5-19-year-olds at national and...
National and sub-national levels and causes of mortality among 5-19-year-olds in China in 2004-2019: A systematic analysis of evidence from the Disease Surveillance Points System.
BACKGROUND
China accounts for 13% of the world's 5-19-year-olds population. We estimated levels and trends of mortality by sex-age-cause among 5-19-year-olds at national and subnational levels in China annually from 2004 to 2019, to inform strategies for reducing child and adolescent mortality in China and other countries.
METHODS
We used adjusted empirical data on levels and causes of deaths from the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention's Disease Surveillance Point (DSP) system. We considered underreporting and surveillance sampling design, applied smoothing techniques to produce reliable time trends, and fitted age-specific deaths and population to national estimates produced by international agencies to allow for cross-national comparisons.
RESULTS
The top leading causes for 54 594 deaths among 5-19-year-olds were neoplasms, road traffic injuries, and drowning. All-cause mortality in 5-19-year-olds has been declining steadily between 2004-2019, with evident yet narrowing geographical and gender disparities. Injury mortalities were one of the fastest declining causes, but widespread disparities were observed across subpopulations. Falling injuries and rising non-communicable diseases had the most pronounced epidemiological transition in the eastern region. Decrease in drowning fractions stalled for 15-19-year-olds in central/western rural areas. Suicide shares sustained or increased for 15-19-year-olds except among females in eastern rural areas.
CONCLUSIONS
China made significant improvements in child and adolescent survival since 2004. However, constant targeted investments are needed to maintain and accelerate progress. A sustainable sample registration system like the DSP is likely essential for supporting such a process.
Topics: Adolescent; Cause of Death; Child; China; Drowning; Female; Global Health; Humans; Infant; Noncommunicable Diseases
PubMed: 36181508
DOI: 10.7189/jogh.12.11008 -
Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia =... 2021To estimate trends of fetal (FMR) and neonatal (NMR) mortality rates due to avoidable causes and maternal education in the city of Rio de Janeiro (2000-2018).
OBJECTIVE
To estimate trends of fetal (FMR) and neonatal (NMR) mortality rates due to avoidable causes and maternal education in the city of Rio de Janeiro (2000-2018).
METHODS
Ecological time series study. Mortality and Live Birth Information System Data. The List of Avoidable Causes of Death Due to Interventions of the Brazilian Health System was used for neonatal deaths and an adaptation for fetal deaths, according to maternal education indicators (low <4 and high ≥12, years of study). Joinpoint regression models were used to estimate trends in FMR, based on one thousand births, and NMR, based on one thousand live births.
RESULTS
FMR decreased from 11.0 to 9.3% and NMR from 11.3 to 7.8% (2000/2018). In 2006, FMR (10.5%) exceeded NMR (9.0%), remaining higher. From 2000 to 2018, the annual decrease of FMR was 0.8% (2000 to 2018) and of NMR, 3.8% until 2007, decreasing to 1.1% by 2011; from then on, it remained stable. Avoidable causes, especially those reducible by adequate prenatal care, showed higher rates. Both FMR and NMR for low-education women were higher than those for the high-education level, the difference being much more pronounced for FMR, and at the end of the period: low- and high-education FMR were respectively 16.4 and 4.5% (2000) and 48.5 and 3.9% (2018), and for NMR, 18.2 and 6.7% (2000) and 28.4 and 5.0% (2018).
CONCLUSION
The favorable trend of decreasing mortality was not observed for children of mothers with low education, revealing inequalities. The causes were mostly avoidable, being related to prenatal care and childbirth.
Topics: Brazil; Cause of Death; Child; Educational Status; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant Mortality; Maternal Mortality; Pregnancy; Prenatal Care
PubMed: 33886881
DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720210008.supl.1 -
The Journal of Investigative Dermatology Jan 2024Vitiligo is a common autoimmune skin disorder; however, there is limited information about risks of mortality among patients with vitiligo. Therefore, we aimed to...
Vitiligo is a common autoimmune skin disorder; however, there is limited information about risks of mortality among patients with vitiligo. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the mortality in patients with vitiligo. A population-based cohort study was conducted using the data linkage of the National Health Insurance Service database and the National Death Registry. Patients with incident vitiligo were matched with sociodemographic factors-matched controls without vitiligo in a 1:5 ratio. All-cause and cause-specific mortalities were compared between patients with vitiligo and controls. In total, 107,424 patients with incident vitiligo and 537,120 matched controls were included. The mortality rates were 34.8 and 45.3 per 10,000 person-years in patients and controls, respectively. Patients with vitiligo showed a significantly lower risk of mortality (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.75, 95% confidence interval = 0.72-0.78). The cause-specific mortality from infectious diseases, oncologic diseases, hematologic diseases, endocrine diseases, neurologic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, and renal/urogenital disease was significantly lower in patients with vitiligo. Patients with vitiligo were associated with a lower risk of mortality, suggesting that vitiligo-associated autoimmunity might contribute to reduced morbidity and mortality.
Topics: Humans; Vitiligo; Cohort Studies; Cause of Death; Risk Factors; Republic of Korea
PubMed: 37517513
DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.07.007 -
Scandinavian Journal of Public Health Jun 2024The aim of this study was to investigate associations between having visited the theatre/cinema and an arts exhibition during the past year and all-cause, cardiovascular...
AIMS
The aim of this study was to investigate associations between having visited the theatre/cinema and an arts exhibition during the past year and all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer and other-cause mortality.
METHODS
The 2008 public health postal survey in Scania, Sweden, was distributed to a stratified random sample of the adult population (18-80 years old). The participation rate was 54.1%, and 25,420 participants were included in the present study. The baseline 2008 survey data were linked to cause-of-death register data to create a prospective cohort with 8.3-year follow-up. Associations between visit to the theatre/cinema, visit to an arts exhibition and mortality were investigated in survival (Cox) regression models.
RESULTS
Just over a quarter (26.5%) had visited both the theatre/cinema and an arts exhibition during the past year, 36.6% only the theatre/cinema, 4.9% only an arts exhibition and 32% neither of the two. Not visiting the theatre/cinema during the past year was associated with higher all-cause and CVD mortality. Not visiting an arts exhibition was associated with higher all-cause and other-cause mortality. The combination of having visited neither the theatre/cinema nor an arts exhibition during the past year was associated with higher all-cause, CVD and other-cause mortality.
CONCLUSIONS
Topics: Humans; Adult; Middle Aged; Aged; Sweden; Male; Female; Prospective Studies; Young Adult; Adolescent; Aged, 80 and over; Mortality; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Art; Neoplasms; Culture
PubMed: 37086102
DOI: 10.1177/14034948231165853 -
Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex... Jan 2021Ambient ozone (O) pollution has become a big issue in China. Recent studies have linked long- and short-term O exposure to several public health risks. In this study, we...
Ambient ozone (O) pollution has become a big issue in China. Recent studies have linked long- and short-term O exposure to several public health risks. In this study, we (1) characterize the long-term and short-term O-attributed health metric in China from 2015 to 2019; (2) estimate the surface O trends; and (3) quantify the long-term and short-term health impacts (i.e. all-cause, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality) in 350 urban Chinese cities. In these 5-years, the national annual average of daily maximum 8 h average (AVGDMA8) O concentrations and warm-season (April-September) 4th highest daily maximum 8 h average (4DMA8) O concentrations increased from 74.0 ± 15.5 μg/m (mean ± standard deviation) to 82.3 ± 12.0 μg/m and 167 ± 37.0 μg/m to 174 ± 30.0 μg/m respectively. During this period, the DMA8 O concentration increased by 1.9 ± 3.3 μg/m/yr across China, with over 70% of the monitoring sites showing a positive upward trend and 19.4% with trends >5 μg/m/yr. The estimated long-term all-cause, cardiovascular and respiratory premature mortalities attributable to AVGDMA8 O exposure in 350 Chinese cities were 181,000 (95% CI: 91,500-352,000), 112,000 (95% CI: 38,100-214,000) and 33,800 (95% CI: 0-71,400) in 2019, showing increases of 52.5%, 52.9% and 54.6% respectively compared to 2015 levels. Similarly, short-term all-cause, cardiovascular and respiratory premature mortalities attributed to ambient 4DMA8 O exposure were 156,000 (95% CI: 85,300-227,000), 73,500 (95% CI: 27,500-119,000) and 28,600 (95% CI: 14,500-42,800) in 2019, increases of 19.6%, 19.8% and 21.2% respectively compared to 2015. The results of this study are important in ascertaining the effectiveness of recent emission control measures and to identify the areas that require urgent attention.
Topics: Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; China; Cities; Environmental Exposure; Mortality; Mortality, Premature; Ozone; Particulate Matter
PubMed: 33288298
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116183