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Evidence-based Complementary and... 2022To assess the effectiveness of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with gallbladder stones and chronic cholecystitis.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the effectiveness of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with gallbladder stones and chronic cholecystitis.
METHODS
From July 2018 to January 2020, 90 patients with gallbladder stones and chronic cholecystitis assessed for eligibility were recruited and concurrently assigned (1 : 1) to receive either small-incision cholecystectomy (observation group) or laparoscopic cholecystectomy (experimental group). Outcome measures included operation time, intraoperative bleeding volume, postoperative hospital stay, c-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-), gastrin (GAS), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), motilin (MOT), and adverse events.
RESULTS
Patients given laparoscopic cholecystectomy showed lower levels of operation-related indices versus those receiving small-incision cholecystectomy ( < 0.05). Laparoscopic cholecystectomy resulted in lower postoperative levels of CRP, IL-6, and TNF- in the patients versus small-incision cholecystectomy ( < 0.05). Patients receiving laparoscopic cholecystectomy showed better GAS, VIP, and MOT levels than those receiving small-incision cholecystectomy ( < 0.05). The eligible patients after laparoscopic cholecystectomy had a significantly lower incidence of adverse events versus those after small-incision cholecystectomy ( < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy effectively shortens the operative time and length of hospital stay in patients with gallbladder stones and chronic cholecystitis, reduces intraoperative bleeding, attenuates the inflammatory response, and enhances the gastrointestinal function, with less surgical trauma and high safety. Clinical trials are, however, required prior to promotion.
PubMed: 35966742
DOI: 10.1155/2022/1434410 -
Computational and Mathematical Methods... 2022The present study was designed to observe the effect of quadruple therapy combined with probiotics on -related peptic ulcer. The patients in the control group ( = 90)...
The present study was designed to observe the effect of quadruple therapy combined with probiotics on -related peptic ulcer. The patients in the control group ( = 90) were given regular quadruple therapy including proton pump inhibitor ilaprazole enteric-coated tablet + two antibiotics amoxicillin dispersible tablet and metronidazole tablet + colloidal bismuth pectin capsule for 2 weeks. Patients in the study group ( = 90) were given abovementioned quadruple therapy combined with probiotics live combined , , and Capsules, oral for 2 weeks. Then Hp clearance rate, recurrence rate, levels of gastrointestinal hormone makers, and advance reactions between two groups were compared. At the 2nd week after the treatment, the clearance rate in the study group (87.79%) was significantly higher than the control group (78.89%), and the total recurrence rate in the study group (6.67%) was significantly lower than the control group (13.33%) ( < 0.05). Serum gastrin and motilin expression were lower, and somatostatin expressions was significantly higher than those in the control group ( < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the total incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups ( > 0.05). In summary, quadruple therapy combined with probiotics in the treatment of -related peptic ulcer can improve the clearance rate, reduce the recurrence rate, and is beneficial to improving the level of gastrointestinal hormones, with certain safety.
Topics: Humans; Helicobacter pylori; Helicobacter Infections; Bismuth; Metronidazole; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Gastrins; Motilin; Tablets, Enteric-Coated; Drug Therapy, Combination; Peptic Ulcer; Amoxicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Probiotics; Pectins; Somatostatin
PubMed: 36267315
DOI: 10.1155/2022/1221190 -
BMC Biology Aug 2020Endocrine cells of the zebrafish digestive system play an important role in regulating metabolism and include pancreatic endocrine cells (PECs) clustered in the islets...
BACKGROUND
Endocrine cells of the zebrafish digestive system play an important role in regulating metabolism and include pancreatic endocrine cells (PECs) clustered in the islets of Langerhans and the enteroendocrine cells (EECs) scattered in the intestinal epithelium. Despite EECs and PECs are being located in distinct organs, their differentiation involves shared molecular mechanisms and transcription factors. However, their degree of relatedness remains unexplored. In this study, we investigated comprehensively the similarity of EECs and PECs by defining their transcriptomic landscape and comparing the regulatory programmes controlled by Pax6b, a key player in both EEC and PEC differentiations.
RESULTS
RNA sequencing was performed on EECs and PECs isolated from wild-type and pax6b mutant zebrafish. Data mining of wild-type zebrafish EEC data confirmed the expression of orthologues for most known mammalian EEC hormones, but also revealed the expression of three additional neuropeptide hormones (Proenkephalin-a, Calcitonin-a and Adcyap1a) not previously reported to be expressed by EECs in any species. Comparison of transcriptomes from EECs, PECs and other zebrafish tissues highlights a very close similarity between EECs and PECs, with more than 70% of genes being expressed in both endocrine cell types. Comparison of Pax6b-regulated genes in EECs and PECs revealed a significant overlap. pax6b loss-of-function does not affect the total number of EECs and PECs but instead disrupts the balance between endocrine cell subtypes, leading to an increase of ghrelin- and motilin-like-expressing cells in both the intestine and pancreas at the expense of other endocrine cells such as beta and delta cells in the pancreas and pyyb-expressing cells in the intestine. Finally, we show that the homeodomain of Pax6b is dispensable for its action in both EECs and PECs.
CONCLUSION
We have analysed the transcriptomic landscape of wild-type and pax6b mutant zebrafish EECs and PECs. Our study highlights the close relatedness of EECs and PECs at the transcriptomic and regulatory levels, supporting the hypothesis of a common phylogenetic origin and underscoring the potential implication of EECs in metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Endocrine Cells; Gene Expression Regulation; Intestines; PAX6 Transcription Factor; Pancreas; Transcriptome; Zebrafish
PubMed: 32867764
DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00840-1 -
Ocular Immunology and Inflammation 2022In this study, we investigated the presence of motilin receptors (MR) in adnexal tissue including the human main lacrimal gland.
INTRODUCTION
In this study, we investigated the presence of motilin receptors (MR) in adnexal tissue including the human main lacrimal gland.
METHOD
17 adnexal human specimens comprising of 11 isolated human main lacrimal gland specimens, four full-thickness human eyelid excisions and two exenterations containing full-thickness eyelid and portions of the main lacrimal gland were immunolabelled with a rabbit polyclonal human MR antibody.
RESULTS
Our results demonstrated that all main lacrimal gland specimens (13/13, 100%) were positive for MR expression with a predominance (10/13 (77%) of grade 1+ punctate distribution. Motilin receptors were not found in eccrine glands, cutaneous sebaceous glands, glands of Zeis or glands of Moll (0/6, 0%). We also confirmed MR expression in the accessory lacrimal gland tissue.
CONCLUSION
In summary, we discovered the MR receptor in the lacrimal and accessory lacrimal gland - the significance of which, in the lacrimal gland, remains unclear - but motilin may play a role in the muscarinic control of aqueous tear secretion.
Topics: Lacrimal Apparatus; Motilin; Receptors, Gastrointestinal Hormone; Receptors, Neuropeptide; Humans
PubMed: 33974477
DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2021.1903937 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Jan 2024Moluodan concentrated pill (MLD) is a traditional herbal formula used in China for the treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG). However, its pharmacological...
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacological mechanism of Moluodan concentrated pill in the treatment of atrophic gastritis: A network pharmacological study and in vivo experiments.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Moluodan concentrated pill (MLD) is a traditional herbal formula used in China for the treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG). However, its pharmacological mechanism of action remains unclear.
AIM OF THE STUDY
The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of action of MLD in the treatment of CAG using network pharmacology and in vivo experiments.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The active compounds of MLD were determined using network pharmacology, utilizing various Chinese medicine databases such as the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform, Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Database, Integrative Pharmacology-based Research Platform of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and a comprehensive database of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Immuno-Oncology. The compounds found in the root of Anemone altaica Fisch. were extracted from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure literature database. Additionally, the Swiss Target Prediction database and Similarity Ensemble Approach were employed to identify the potential targets of these components. CAG-related targets were gathered from the GeneCards and DisGeNET databases. Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) of the genes associated with the drug-disease crossover were examined, and a core PPI network was constructed using the STRING database (version 11.5) and Cytoscape (version 3.7.2). A gene-pathway network was established to identify significant target genes and pathways through Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. Finally, based on these findings and existing data, the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway was selected for further validation through in vivo experiments.
RESULTS
A total of 724 active molecules in MLD yielded 961 identified target genes, of which 179 were found to be potentially associated with CAG. From the common targets, a PPI network revealed ten core targets. Enrichment analysis suggested that MLD may primarily target TNF and AKT in the treatment of CAG. Essential signaling pathways, such as the PI3K-AKT and TNF pathways, were found to be crucial for the therapeutic effects of MLD on CAG. Furthermore, potential interactions and crosstalk between these pathways were identified. Moreover, we confirmed that MLD effectively improved gastric mucosa atrophy and cellular ultrastructural damage, while increasing pepsinogen secretion and decreasing gastrin, somatostatin, and motilin levels. Subsequent molecular biology studies in rat models of CAG demonstrated that MLD treatment significantly reduced the expression levels of TNF-α, phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K), and phosphorylated Akt (P < 0.05). Notably, the expression of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) exhibited a contrasting trend (P < 0.05), potentially associated with the crucial tumor suppressor role of NF-κB p105.
CONCLUSION
This study provides evidence that MLD effectively alleviates stomach mucosal atrophy through modulation of the TNF/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. These findings establish a solid theoretical foundation for the practical management of CAG.
Topics: Animals; Rats; Gastritis, Atrophic; NF-kappa B; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Atrophy; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Molecular Docking Simulation
PubMed: 37480968
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116937 -
Nutritional Neuroscience Dec 2019Intragastric bitter tastants may decrease appetite and food intake. We aimed to investigate the gut-brain signaling and brain mechanisms underlying these effects. Brain... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Intragastric bitter tastants may decrease appetite and food intake. We aimed to investigate the gut-brain signaling and brain mechanisms underlying these effects. Brain responses to intragastric quinine-hydrochloride (QHCl, 10 µmol/kg) or placebo infusion were recorded using functional magnetic resonance imaging in 15 healthy women. Appetite-related sensations, plasma levels of gastrointestinal hormones and hedonic food intake ( drink test) were assessed. Lower octanoylated ghrelin (<0.04), total ghrelin (<0.01), and motilin (<0.01) plasma levels were found after QHCl administration, along with lower prospective food consumption ratings (<0.02) and hedonic food intake (<0.05). QHCl increased neural activity in the hypothalamus and hedonic (anterior insula, putamen, caudate, pallidum, amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, midbrain) regions, but decreased activity in the homeostatic medulla (all pFWE-corrected<0.05). Differential brain responses to QHCl versus placebo covaried with subjective and hormonal responses and predicted differences in hedonic food intake. Intragastric QHCl decreases prospective and actual food intake in healthy women by interfering with homeostatic and hedonic brain circuits in a ghrelin- and motilin-mediated fashion. These findings suggest a potential of bitter tastants to reduce appetite and food intake, through the gut-brain axis.
Topics: Adult; Appetite; Brain; Cross-Over Studies; Eating; Female; Gastrointestinal Tract; Ghrelin; Humans; Intubation, Gastrointestinal; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Motilin; Placebos; Quinine; Signal Transduction; Single-Blind Method; Stomach
PubMed: 29607741
DOI: 10.1080/1028415X.2018.1457841 -
Journal of Cellular and Molecular... Apr 2021In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of circORC2 in modulating miR-19a and its downstream signalling during the pathogenesis of STC. In this study, three...
In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of circORC2 in modulating miR-19a and its downstream signalling during the pathogenesis of STC. In this study, three groups of patients, that is healthy control (HC) group, normal transit constipation (NTC) group (N = 42) and slow transit constipation (STC) group, were, respectively, recruited. RT-PCR and Western blot analysis were exploited to investigate the changes in the expression levels of miR-19a and circORC2 in these patients, so as to establish a circORC2/miR-19a signalling pathway. The basic information of the patients showed no significant differences among different patient groups. Compared with the HC group, concentrations of neurotensin (NST) and motilin (MLN) were both significantly reduced in the NTC and STC groups, especially in the STC group. Also, miR-19a level was highest, whereas circORC2 level was lowest in the STC group. Furthermore, circORC2 was validated to sponge the expression of miR-19a, and the transfection of circORC2 reduced the expression of miR-19a. Meanwhile, MLN and NST mRNAs were both targeted by miR-19a, and the transfection of circORC2 dramatically up-regulated the expression of MLN and NST. On the contrary, the transfection of circORC2 siRNA into SMCs and VSMCs exhibited the opposite effect of circORC2. Collectively, the results of this study established a regulatory relationship among circORC2, miR-19a and neurotensin/motilin, which indicated that the overexpression of circORC2 could up-regulate the levels of neurotensin and motilin, thus exerting a beneficial effect during the treatment of STC.
Topics: Aged; Apoptosis; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Constipation; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Male; MicroRNAs; Motilin; Neurotensin; Origin Recognition Complex; Prognosis; RNA, Circular
PubMed: 33629528
DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16211 -
Pharmaceutical Biology Dec 2023L (Rutaceae) (Au) and Blanco (Rutaceae) (Ci) are commonly used as couplet prokinetics and DC. (Umbelliferae) (Bup) is an herbal antidepressant in traditional Chinese...
CONTEXT
L (Rutaceae) (Au) and Blanco (Rutaceae) (Ci) are commonly used as couplet prokinetics and DC. (Umbelliferae) (Bup) is an herbal antidepressant in traditional Chinese medicine.
OBJECTIVE
This study evaluates the synergistic prokinetic effects of Bup with Au and Ci in mice suffering from multistress-induced delayed gastric emptying (DGE).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Kunming mice were divided into four groups: control, DGE, AuCi and AuCiBup. Mice were gavaged with AuCi (14.25 g/kg) or AuCiBup (22.13 g/kg) extract for 12 days. Gastric reminder rate, intestinal driving ratio, sucrose preference and open field test were examined, and serotonin (5-HT), motilin (MTL), substance P (SP), 5-HTR and c-kit were assayed. Intracellular Ca levels in primary cultured gastric smooth muscle cells (GSMCs) were determined.
RESULTS
Both AuCi and AuCiBup treatment significantly reduced gastric residual rate (39.5% and 67.7%, < 0.01). Higher serum levels of 5-HT, MTL and SP were observed in treatment groups (AuCi: 0.060 mg/L, AuCiBup: 0.089 mg/L, DGE: 0.025 mg/L, < 0.01). The expression of 5-HTR and c-kit in the antrum and duodenum was upregulated after treatment (AuCi and AuCiBup, 4.3-times, 2.8-times to DGE, < 0.01). Medicated serums of AuCi and AuCiBup effectively increased the influx of Ca into GSMCs (1.8-times, < 0.01). In terms of 5-HTR expression, circulatory contents of 5-HT and SP and Ca influx, AuCiBup demonstrated better prokinetic effects than AuCi.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings indicate the potential for developing combination therapy with antidepressants and prokinetics in gastrointestinal dysmotility management.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Serotonin; Citrus; Gastroparesis; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Antidepressive Agents; Gastric Emptying
PubMed: 36728913
DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2173249 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Jan 2024In traditional Chinese herbal medicine, rhubarb is said to remove accumulation with purgation, clearing heat, and discharging fire. Modern pharmacology has shown that...
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
In traditional Chinese herbal medicine, rhubarb is said to remove accumulation with purgation, clearing heat, and discharging fire. Modern pharmacology has shown that rhubarb extract has a purgative effect when given to experimental animals in an appropriate dose. However, the active components and their mechanism of action are still not clearly defined.
AIM OF THE STUDY
The current research aimed to evaluate the synergistic stool-softening effects and explore the action mechanism of rhubarb free anthraquinones (RhA) and their monomers on constipation in rats.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A rat model of water deficit-induced constipation was established to induce constipation, and these rats were treated with RhA and its monomers. ELISA, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, qPCR and Western blotting based on network pharmacology and molecular docking were conducted to explore the possible mechanism of action of RhA and its monomers.
RESULTS
RhA, aloe-emodin, rhein, and chrysophanol showed stool-softening activity, and the combination of aloe-emodin and rhein had the strongest softening effect on faecal pellets. Aloe-emodin, rhein, and chrysophanol significantly increased the serum levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), motilin (MTL), and substance P (SP), upregulated the expression of VIP, cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1), protein kinase A (PKA), cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), aquaporin 3 (AQP3), aquaporin 4 (AQP4), and aquaporin 8 (AQP8), decreased the expression of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and Na/H exchanger 3 (NHE3), and reduced the colonic tissue concentration of Na-K-ATPase in the constipated rats. Osmolality of colonic fluid in model rats treated by RhA, aloe-emodin, rhein, and chrysophanol was increased.
CONCLUSION
Aloe-emodin, rhein, and chrysophanol were the stool-softening components of the RhA extract, and there were certain drug-interactions between the components. RhA upregulated VIP expression, activated the cyclic adenosine monophosphate protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA) pathway, and further stimulated CFTR expression while inhibiting NHE3 and ENaC expression, resulting in a hypertonic state in the colonic lumen. Water transport could then be driven by an osmotic gradient, which in turn led to the upregulation of AQP3, AQP4, and AQP8 expression. In addition, RhA likely improved gastrointestinal motility by increasing serum VIP, SP, and MTL concentrations, thus promoting faecal excretion.
Topics: Animals; Rats; Rheum; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator; Emodin; Molecular Docking Simulation; Sodium-Hydrogen Exchanger 3; Constipation; Anthraquinones; Aquaporin 3; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 37907143
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117336 -
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine Nov 2019Changes in the levels of serum oxidative stress indexes, gastrointestinal hormones and inflammatory factors in children with different severity of reflux esophagitis...
Changes in the levels of serum oxidative stress indexes, gastrointestinal hormones and inflammatory factors in children with different severity of reflux esophagitis (RE) were detected. Sixty child patients diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) via gastroscopy were selected and divided into non-erosive reflux disease group (NERD group, n=12) and RE group (n=48) according to whether there was esophageal mucosal injury. In RE group, the patients were further divided into grade I RE group (n=15), grade II RE group (n=18) and grade III RE group (n=15) based on the severity of mucosal injury. None of the child patients took PPI and domperidone within 2 weeks before enrollment. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) in the esophageal mucosa was detected. The changes in the levels of serum vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), motilin, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were determined. The DeMeester score was the highest in grade III RE group, followed by grade II RE group, grade I RE group and NERD group (P<0.05). The content of MDA in the esophageal mucosa was higher in RE group than that in NERD group, and the T-SOD activity declined with the increased severity of injury (P<0.05). In the three RE groups, the level of plasma VIP was significantly higher, while the motilin level was remarkably lower than those in NERD group (P<0.05). With the increased severity of disease, the expression levels of serum IL-1β, IL-8 and TNF-α in RE group were gradually raised (P<0.05). RE patients have strong oxidative stress and inflammatory response, an increased level of serum VIP, a regulator of gastrointestinal motility, and a decreased level of motilin. Controlling the changes in the above factors using effective treatment means can improve the development of GERD.
PubMed: 31602227
DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7978