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Current Opinion in Ophthalmology Nov 2021Here, we provide an overview of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKH), including recent updates in our understanding of disease pathophysiology, classification and... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Here, we provide an overview of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKH), including recent updates in our understanding of disease pathophysiology, classification and therapeutics.
RECENT FINDINGS
Advancements in bioinformatics, metabolomics and genomics investigations continue to illuminate VKH pathogenesis, and may provide insight into future therapeutic options. Multimodal imaging is indispensable in the initial evaluation of VKH, and is becoming increasingly important in understanding disease pathogenesis, as well as monitoring therapeutic response. Enhanced VKH classification criteria, released in 2021, provide standardized guidelines and terminology for clinical and research purposes.
SUMMARY
Modern research and imaging techniques continue to improve our understanding of VKH; more work is needed to further elucidate pathogenic mechanisms and establish optimal therapeutic recommendations.
Topics: Genomics; Humans; Multimodal Imaging; Uveomeningoencephalitic Syndrome
PubMed: 34545845
DOI: 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000809 -
Journal of the American College of... May 2023Right ventricular (RV) size and function assessed by multimodality imaging are associated with outcomes in a variety of cardiovascular diseases. Understanding RV anatomy... (Review)
Review
Right ventricular (RV) size and function assessed by multimodality imaging are associated with outcomes in a variety of cardiovascular diseases. Understanding RV anatomy and physiology is essential in appreciating the strengths and weaknesses of current imaging methods and gives these measurements greater context. The adaptation of the right ventricle to different types and severity of stress, particularly over time, is specific to the cardiovascular disease process. Multimodality imaging parameters, which determine outcomes, reflect the ability to image the initial and longitudinal RV response to stress. This paper will review the standard and novel imaging methods for assessing RV function and the impact of these parameters on outcomes in specific disease states.
Topics: Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine; Heart; Heart Ventricles; Multimodal Imaging; Cardiovascular Diseases; Ventricular Function, Right; Ventricular Dysfunction, Right
PubMed: 37164529
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.03.392 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2020Atherosclerosis is a lipoprotein-driven inflammatory disorder leading to a plaque formation at specific sites of the arterial tree. After decades of slow progression,... (Review)
Review
Atherosclerosis is a lipoprotein-driven inflammatory disorder leading to a plaque formation at specific sites of the arterial tree. After decades of slow progression, atherosclerotic plaque rupture and formation of thrombi are the major factors responsible for the development of acute coronary syndromes (ACSs). In this regard, the detection of high-risk (vulnerable) plaques is an ultimate goal in the management of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Vulnerable plaques have specific morphological features that make their detection possible, hence allowing for identification of high-risk patients and the tailoring of therapy. Plaque ruptures predominantly occur amongst lesions characterized as thin-cap fibroatheromas (TCFA). Plaques without a rupture, such as plaque erosions, are also thrombi-forming lesions on the most frequent pathological intimal thickening or fibroatheromas. Many attempts to comprehensively identify vulnerable plaque constituents with different invasive and non-invasive imaging technologies have been made. In this review, advantages and limitations of invasive and non-invasive imaging modalities currently available for the identification of plaque components and morphologic features associated with plaque vulnerability, as well as their clinical diagnostic and prognostic value, were discussed.
Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Biomarkers; Diagnostic Imaging; Disease Susceptibility; Humans; Molecular Imaging; Multimodal Imaging; Plaque, Atherosclerotic; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 32340284
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082992 -
Recent Results in Cancer Research.... 2020Oncologic imaging has been a major focus of clinical research on PET/MR over the last 10 years. Studies so far have shown that PET/MR with F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)... (Review)
Review
Oncologic imaging has been a major focus of clinical research on PET/MR over the last 10 years. Studies so far have shown that PET/MR with F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) overall provides a similar accuracy for tumor staging as FDG PET/CT. The effective radiation dose of whole-body FDG PET/MR is more than 50% lower than for FDG PET/CT, making PET/MR particularly attractive for imaging of children. However, the longer acquisition times and higher costs have so far limited broader clinical use of PET/MR technology for whole-body staging. With the currently available technology, PET/MR appears more promising for locoregional staging of diseases for which MR is the anatomical imaging modality of choice. These include brain tumors, head and neck cancers, gynecologic malignancies, and prostate cancer. For instance, PET imaging with ligands of prostate-specific membrane antigen, combined with multi-parametric MR, appears promising for detection of prostate cancer and differentiation from benign prostate pathologies as well as for detection of local recurrences. The combination of functional parameters from MR, such as apparent diffusion coefficients, and molecular parameters from PET, such as receptor densities or metabolic rates, is feasible in clinical studies, but clinical applications for this multimodal and multi-parametric imaging approach still need to be defined.
Topics: Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Multimodal Imaging; Neoplasm Staging; Neoplasms; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 32594404
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-42618-7_22 -
Current Opinion in Ophthalmology May 2021Stargardt disease is the most common inherited macular dystrophy but has a wide clinical spectrum, and several inherited macular dystrophies have phenotypic similarities... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Stargardt disease is the most common inherited macular dystrophy but has a wide clinical spectrum, and several inherited macular dystrophies have phenotypic similarities that can make clinical diagnosis challenging. This review seeks to highlight key clinical and multimodal imaging features to aid clinicians in accurate diagnosis.
RECENT FINDINGS
Multimodal imaging has provided additional information to aid in the diagnosis of Stargardt disease and its masquerades. These data from multimodal imaging are important to correlate with findings from clinical examination to help support the clinical diagnosis or guide molecular investigations.
SUMMARY
This review highlights the key similarities and differences, in history, clinical examination and multimodal imaging, to help distinguish between Stargardt disease and other macular dystrophies. These findings can help direct a focused molecular analysis for accurate diagnosis, which is critical in the era of gene and stem cell therapies.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Macular Degeneration; Multimodal Imaging; Stargardt Disease
PubMed: 33653979
DOI: 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000750 -
Radiologic Clinics of North America Jul 2023Patients with gynecologic malignancies often require a multimodality imaging approach for initial staging, treatment response assessment, and surveillance. MRI imaging... (Review)
Review
Patients with gynecologic malignancies often require a multimodality imaging approach for initial staging, treatment response assessment, and surveillance. MRI imaging and PET are two well-established and widely accepted modalities in this setting. Although PET and MRI imaging are often acquired separately on two platforms (a PET/computed tomography [CT] and an MRI imaging scanner), hybrid PET/MRI scanners offer the potential for comprehensive disease assessment in one visit. Gynecologic malignancies have been one of the most successful areas for implementation of PET/MRI. This article provides an overview of the role of this platform in the care of patients with gynecologic malignancies.
Topics: Humans; Female; Genital Neoplasms, Female; Positron-Emission Tomography; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Multimodal Imaging; Neoplasm Staging; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Radiopharmaceuticals; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography
PubMed: 37169433
DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2023.02.013 -
Nature Biomedical Engineering Mar 2023Myocardial infarction, stroke, mental disorders, neurodegenerative processes, autoimmune diseases, cancer and the human immunodeficiency virus impact the haematopoietic... (Review)
Review
Myocardial infarction, stroke, mental disorders, neurodegenerative processes, autoimmune diseases, cancer and the human immunodeficiency virus impact the haematopoietic system, which through immunity and inflammation may aggravate pre-existing atherosclerosis. The interplay between the haematopoietic system and its modulation of atherosclerosis has been studied by imaging the cardiovascular system and the activation of haematopoietic organs via scanners integrating positron emission tomography and resonance imaging (PET/MRI). In this Perspective, we review the applicability of integrated whole-body PET/MRI for the study of immune-mediated phenomena associated with haematopoietic activity and cardiovascular disease, and discuss the translational opportunities and challenges of the technology.
Topics: Humans; Multimodal Imaging; Atherosclerosis; Positron-Emission Tomography; Inflammation; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
PubMed: 36522465
DOI: 10.1038/s41551-022-00970-7 -
Journal of Thoracic Imaging Jul 2023
Topics: Humans; Ischemia; Multimodal Imaging; Patient-Centered Care
PubMed: 37369018
DOI: 10.1097/RTI.0000000000000720 -
Heart Failure Reviews Mar 2022Aortic valve stenosis has become the most common valvular heart disease on account of aging population and increasing life expectancy. Echocardiography is the primary... (Review)
Review
Aortic valve stenosis has become the most common valvular heart disease on account of aging population and increasing life expectancy. Echocardiography is the primary diagnosis tool for this, but it still has many flaws. Therefore, advanced cardiovascular multimodal imaging techniques are continuously being developed in order to overcome these limitations. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) allows a comprehensive morphological and functional evaluation of the aortic valve and provides important data for the diagnosis and risk stratification in patients with aortic stenosis. CMR can functionally assess the aortic flow using two-dimensional and time-resolved three-dimensional velocity-encoded phase-contrast techniques. Furthermore, by late gadolinium enhancement and T1-mapping, CMR can reveal the presence of both irreversible replacement and diffuse interstitial myocardial fibrosis. Moreover, its role in guiding aortic valve replacement procedures is beginning to take shape. Recent studies have rendered the importance of active and passive biomechanics in risk stratification and prognosis prediction in patients with aortic stenosis, but more work is required is just in its infancy, but data are promising. In addition, cardiac computed tomography is particularly useful for the diagnosis of aortic valve stenosis, and in preprocedural evaluation of the aorta, while positron emission tomography can be also used to assess valvular inflammation and active calcification. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of current available data regarding advanced cardiovascular multimodal imaging in aortic stenosis.
Topics: Aged; Aortic Valve; Aortic Valve Stenosis; Contrast Media; Gadolinium; Humans; Multimodal Imaging
PubMed: 34279768
DOI: 10.1007/s10741-021-10131-8 -
Recent Results in Cancer Research.... 2020During the last decade, positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) have... (Review)
Review
During the last decade, positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) have procured advances in research and clinical application of fusion imaging. The recent introduction of digital PET/CT opens new horizons for multimodality molecular imaging. This system offers more precise, simultaneous morphologic, functional, and molecular information of a living system. Moreover, other combinations of anatomic and functional imaging modalities hold promise in basic medical research or in clinical medicine. These developments are paralleled by advances in the field of biomolecules and particles that will provide new agents useful for more than one imaging modality and will facilitate the study of the same target by different imaging devices. Digital PET/CT may emerge as a powerful multimodality technique with great clinical impact on the diagnosis and therapy assessment of oncological diseases due to its enhanced sensitivity.
Topics: Humans; Multimodal Imaging; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 32594412
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-42618-7_30