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AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology Feb 2022Large-vessel vasculitis (LVV) is a noninfectious inflammation of the large vessels, including the aorta and its main branches. Imaging plays an essential role in... (Review)
Review
Large-vessel vasculitis (LVV) is a noninfectious inflammation of the large vessels, including the aorta and its main branches. Imaging plays an essential role in diagnosing LVV given the challenges of tissue biopsy. This article reviews the types of LVV and the multimodality imaging tools available to establish its diagnosis. The cornerstone of imaging diagnosis is morphologic assessment using gray-scale ultrasound (US), gray-scale US combined with color Doppler US, CTA, or MRA. In the last decade, substantial progress has been made in functional and molecular imaging with FDG PET/CT for the diagnosis of LVV. Investigation is ongoing to develop novel MRA techniques and new PET tracers to assess disease activity and to differentiate the various vasculitides. An algorithm is provided to guide imaging technique selection based on the patient's specific clinical presentation.
Topics: Aorta; Diagnostic Imaging; Humans; Multimodal Imaging; Vasculitis
PubMed: 34232695
DOI: 10.2214/AJR.21.26150 -
Philosophical Transactions. Series A,... Jun 2021This special issue focuses on synergistic tomographic image reconstruction in a range of contributions in multiple disciplines and various application areas. The topic...
This special issue focuses on synergistic tomographic image reconstruction in a range of contributions in multiple disciplines and various application areas. The topic of image reconstruction covers substantial inverse problems (Mathematics) which are tackled with various methods including statistical approaches (e.g. Bayesian methods, Monte Carlo) and computational approaches (e.g. machine learning, computational modelling, simulations). The issue is separated in two volumes. This volume focuses mainly on algorithms and methods. Some of the articles will demonstrate their utility on real-world challenges, either medical applications (e.g. cardiovascular diseases, proton therapy planning) or applications in material sciences (e.g. material decomposition and characterization). One of the desired outcomes of the special issue is to bring together different scientific communities which do not usually interact as they do not share the same platforms (such as journals and conferences). This article is part of the theme issue 'Synergistic tomographic image reconstruction: part 1'.
Topics: Algorithms; Bayes Theorem; Computer Simulation; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Machine Learning; Mathematical Concepts; Monte Carlo Method; Multimodal Imaging; Tomography
PubMed: 33966460
DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2020.0189 -
Circulation. Cardiovascular Imaging May 2020
Topics: Aged; Computed Tomography Angiography; Conservative Treatment; Coronary Aneurysm; Coronary Angiography; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Multimodal Imaging; Predictive Value of Tests
PubMed: 32397818
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.119.009643 -
Giornale Italiano Di Cardiologia (2006) Apr 2020The echocardiographic-fluoroscopic fusion imaging tool is able to acquire imaging data from both fluoroscopy and transesophageal images and co-register and align them in... (Review)
Review
The echocardiographic-fluoroscopic fusion imaging tool is able to acquire imaging data from both fluoroscopy and transesophageal images and co-register and align them in the three-dimensional space and time by putting onto the same coordinate system. In this way the soft tissues that are well visualized by echocardiography and the metallic materials (catheters and devices), better imaged by fluoroscopy, are displayed in the standard fluoroscopic projections in a hybrid image in real time. In this review, we describe the basic technical aspects and its main applications in transcatheter structural heart interventions.
Topics: Cardiac Catheterization; Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional; Fluoroscopy; Heart Diseases; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Multimodal Imaging
PubMed: 32250368
DOI: 10.1714/3336.33072 -
Pediatric Radiology Oct 2019Functional imaging techniques are playing an increasingly important role in the management of pediatric cancer. Technological advances have pushed the development of... (Review)
Review
Functional imaging techniques are playing an increasingly important role in the management of pediatric cancer. Technological advances have pushed the development of hybrid imaging techniques, including positron emission tomography (PET)/CT, PET/MR and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT. Together with an increasing need to identify surrogate biomarkers for response to novel therapies, the use of functional imaging techniques, which had been reserved primarily for lymphoma patients, is now being recognized as standard of care for the management of many other pediatric solid tumors. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent data describing the use of functional and metabolic imaging strategies for the staging and response assessment of common pediatric solid tumors, and to offer some guidance as to which techniques are most appropriate for which tumor types.
Topics: Child; Contrast Media; Humans; Multimodal Imaging; Neoplasm Staging; Neoplasms; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 31620853
DOI: 10.1007/s00247-019-04489-z -
Journal of Nanobiotechnology Mar 2021Despite tremendous progress has been achieved in tumor theranostic over the past decade, accurate identification and complete eradication of tumor cells remain a great...
BACKGROUND
Despite tremendous progress has been achieved in tumor theranostic over the past decade, accurate identification and complete eradication of tumor cells remain a great challenge owing to the limitation of single imaging modality and therapeutic strategy.
RESULTS
Herein, we successfully design and construct BiVO/FeO@polydopamine (PDA) superparticles (SPs) for computed tomography (CT)/photoacoustic (PA)/magnetic resonance (MR) multimodal imaging and radiotherapy (RT)/photothermal therapy (PTT) synergistic therapy toward oral epithelial carcinoma. On the one hand, BiVO NPs endow BiVO/FeO@PDA SPs with impressive X-ray absorption capability due to the high X-ray attenuation coefficient of Bi, which is beneficial for their utilization as radiosensitizers for CT imaging and RT. On the other hand, FeO NPs impart BiVO/FeO@PDA SPs with the superparamagnetic property as a T-weighted contrast agent for MR imaging. Importantly, the aggregation of FeO NPs in SPs and the presence of PDA shell greatly improve the photothermal conversion capability of SPs, making BiVO/FeO@PDA SPs as an ideal photothermal transducer for PA imaging and PTT. By integrating advantages of various imaging modalities (CT/PA/MR) and therapeutic strategies (RT/PTT), our BiVO/FeO@PDA SPs exhibit the sensitive multimodal imaging feature and superior synergistic therapeutic efficacy on tumors.
CONCLUSIONS
Since there are many kinds of building blocks with unique properties appropriating for self-assembly, our work may largely enrich the library of nanomateirals for tumor diagnosis and treatment.
Topics: Animals; Bismuth; Contrast Media; Ferric Compounds; Humans; Indoles; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Multimodal Imaging; Nanoparticles; Phototherapy; Polymers; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Vanadates
PubMed: 33781296
DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00802-x -
Journal of Nuclear Cardiology :... Jun 2022Anderson-Fabry disease (AFD) is a multisystem X-linked disorder of lipid metabolism frequently associated with progressive glycosphingolipid accumulation in cardiac,... (Review)
Review
Anderson-Fabry disease (AFD) is a multisystem X-linked disorder of lipid metabolism frequently associated with progressive glycosphingolipid accumulation in cardiac, renal, and nervous cells. The diagnosis of AFD is usually assessed by enzyme assay and genetic tests, but advanced cardiac imaging can be useful in detecting early signs of the disease. Echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance are the first-line imaging modalities to investigate cardiac involvement in AFD, but the recent introduction of new molecular and hybrid imaging techniques opens to a wider range of diagnostic applications. This article aims to provide an overview of nuclear cardiology techniques in diagnosis and clinical management of AFD.
Topics: Cardiology; Cardiomyopathies; Echocardiography; Fabry Disease; Humans; Multimodal Imaging
PubMed: 32378117
DOI: 10.1007/s12350-020-02124-1 -
Ophthalmology. Retina Aug 2022To describe the clinical course and anatomic features of focal scleral nodules (FSNs) based on their clinical characteristics and multimodal imaging findings and analyze...
OBJECTIVE
To describe the clinical course and anatomic features of focal scleral nodules (FSNs) based on their clinical characteristics and multimodal imaging findings and analyze their potential associations with the patient's age.
DESIGN
Single-center, retrospective, observational case series.
SUBJECTS
Twenty-three lesions of 23 patients with FSN.
METHODS
Clinical characteristics were analyzed, and multimodal imaging was performed, including color fundus photography, OCT, fundus autofluorescence imaging, near-infrared imaging, B-scan ultrasonography, fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography, and OCT angiography of FSNs.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Qualitative features, including the slope of anterior curvature (curvature of the dome shape is less than nodular curvature, which is less than volcanic curvature; i.e., volcanic curvature has the steepest slope), retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) status, and fluid compartments, were analyzed. Quantitative measurements, including maximum linear basal diameter, maximum horizontal length at the choroidoscleral border, maximum vertical length (V) from the choroidoscleral border, and choroidal thickness, were analyzed.
RESULTS
The mean age at presentation was 44 ± 17 years (range, 4-68 years), and the mean follow-up duration was 32.2 ± 29.5 months. On OCT, all lesions were confined to the sclera. Patients with volcanic or nodular anterior curvature were younger than those with the dome-shaped phenotype (35 ± 19 years vs. 52 ± 9 years, respectively; Mann-Whitney U test; P = 0.015). The Spearman rank correlation analysis displayed a significant correlation between age at diagnosis and V (r = -0.466; P = 0.025). The Wilcoxon matched paired t test for the patients demonstrated a significant decrease in V at the final follow-up visit (initial, 555 ± 228 μm vs. final, 517 ± 202 μm, respectively; P = 0.028). We observed subretinal fluid, intraretinal fluid, pigment epithelial detachment, and severe outer retinal atrophy in a relatively older population with sustained nodular or volcanic anterior curvature (age, 52 ± 7 years; range, 43-60 years). One lesion diagnosed in a patient aged 4 years demonstrated spontaneous regression.
CONCLUSIONS
Young patients tended to have protruded lesions (high V) with nodular or volcanic anterior curvature. Older patients manifested the dome-shaped phenotype, and those with sustained nodular or volcanic curvature tended to develop fluid compartments or atrophic changes of the overlying RPE and retina because of possible chronic mechanical compression. Thus, there could be a significant association between FSN phenotype and age.
Topics: Fluorescein Angiography; Humans; Multimodal Imaging; Retrospective Studies; Sclera; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 35318135
DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2022.03.013 -
Progress in Retinal and Eye Research Nov 2023White spot syndromes (WSS) pose challenges in the field of ophthalmology, particularly in terms of accurate diagnosis and effective management. However, recent... (Review)
Review
White spot syndromes (WSS) pose challenges in the field of ophthalmology, particularly in terms of accurate diagnosis and effective management. However, recent advancements in multimodal imaging (MMI) have significantly contributed to our understanding of WSS, allowing for improved characterization of these inflammatory chorioretinopathies. By employing various imaging modalities, including fundus fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, fundus autofluorescence, optical coherence tomography (OCT), ultra-widefield imaging, and OCT angiography, researchers and clinicians have gained valuable insights into the underlying pathophysiological changes and clinical progression of WSS. Furthermore, MMI has unveiled novel and atypical variants within the spectrum of WSS, expanding our knowledge in this field. Notably, the identification of secondary forms of WSS occurring concurrently with unrelated chorioretinal disorders has suggested a potential autoimmune mechanism underlying these conditions. The introduction of MMI has also facilitated a more comprehensive evaluation of previously ill-defined entities, such as acute zonal occult outer retinopathy, leading to improved diagnostic criteria and enhanced recognition of distinct features. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advances and interpretations in WSS. By integrating MMI into the diagnosis and management of these conditions, this review aims to enhance patient outcomes and provide valuable insights into the complexities surrounding WSS.
Topics: Humans; Retrospective Studies; White Dot Syndromes; Retinal Diseases; Multimodal Imaging; Choroid Diseases; Fluorescein Angiography; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 37574123
DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101207 -
Clinical Radiology Aug 2022Malignant lymphomas represent approximately 5% of all malignant neoplasms of the head and neck. The head and neck region is the second most frequent anatomical site of... (Review)
Review
Malignant lymphomas represent approximately 5% of all malignant neoplasms of the head and neck. The head and neck region is the second most frequent anatomical site of extra-nodal lymphomas (after the gastrointestinal tract). Most are non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of B-cell lineage, and overall diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is the most common type. They can present in highly variable appearances in different anatomical subsites in the head and neck. There is little literature on their imaging appearances on different imaging methods including ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and integrated positron-emission tomography (PET)/CT. The review aims to illustrate the presentation of histopathological-proven extra-nodal lymphoma in the head and neck using various imaging methods.
Topics: Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Multimodal Imaging; Neck; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 35641340
DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2022.04.017