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Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology &... Aug 2019According to the revised European consensus on sarcopenia, muscle strength is the primary parameter of sarcopenia and is associated with adverse outcomes or physical... (Review)
Review
According to the revised European consensus on sarcopenia, muscle strength is the primary parameter of sarcopenia and is associated with adverse outcomes or physical limitation. This literature review aims to clarify how and why to measure and preserve muscle strength in older population. Overall, the relationship between muscle strength and physical function is impacted by level of muscle mass, the degree of obesity (BMI), age and physical activity. Therefore, these factors are to be considered in the evaluation of muscle strength. It is necessary to have objective, reliable and sensitive tools to assess muscle strength, in different populations to detect and quantify weakness, to adapt physical exercises to patients' capacity and to evaluate the effects of treatment. Handgrip strength measurement might be reasonable for clinical practice while the measurement of knee flexors/extensors strength with both 1RM and dynamometers is increasingly important yet restricted by the requirement of special equipment. Physical activity and nutrition are two important behavioral factors to maintain muscle strength. Combined exercise and nutrition interventions improved muscle strength to a more prominent degree than exercise or nutrition alone.
Topics: Aged; Aging; Geriatric Assessment; Humans; Muscle Strength
PubMed: 31176745
DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109663 -
Cardiology in the Young Nov 2022Patients with CHD are less active if compared with controls and have limited functional capacity, related to muscle weakness and fatigue. The aim of this study was to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Patients with CHD are less active if compared with controls and have limited functional capacity, related to muscle weakness and fatigue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the peripheral and respiratory muscle strength of children and adolescents with CHD with systematic review and meta-analysis. The review included observational and randomised control trial studies which evaluated peripheral and respiratory muscle strength in children and adolescents with CHD under 18 years old. The peripheral muscle strength was evaluated through dynamometry and respiratory muscle strength through manovacuometry. In studies that compared patients with CHD and respective control groups, it was possible to perform a meta-analysis. A total of 5634 articles met the criteria of eligibility, 15 were included in the systematic review, and 4 were included in the meta-analysis. Twelve studies assessed peripheral muscle strength with a reduction in patients with CHD. In the meta-analysis, patients with CHD had lower muscle strength than controls (-34.07 nm; 95% CI, -67.46 to -0.68; I2 47%; p for heterogeneity = 0.05), and the meta-analysis of the handgrip muscle strength showed no significant difference between patients with CHD and controls (0.08 nm; 95% CI, -6.39 to 6.55; I2 98%; p for heterogeneity <0.00001). The meta-analysis in the present study showed lower limb muscle strength in patients with CHD in comparison to controls. In contrast, no difference was found regarding hand grip strength. Also, the review showed lower respiratory muscle strength in patients with CHD, yet no meta-analysis was possible to perform.
Topics: Child; Humans; Adolescent; Hand Strength; Muscle Strength; Respiratory Muscles; Lower Extremity
PubMed: 36200343
DOI: 10.1017/S1047951122003092 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2023Sarcopenia is defined as decreasing in muscle strength and mass, and dynapenia is defined as decreasing in muscle strength and maintained muscle mass. This study...
Sarcopenia is defined as decreasing in muscle strength and mass, and dynapenia is defined as decreasing in muscle strength and maintained muscle mass. This study elucidated the prevalence and characteristics of sarcopenia and dynapenia and evaluate in elderly spinal disorders patients. 1039 spinal disorders patients aged ≥ 65 years were included. We measured age, grip strength, muscle mass, spinal sagittal alignment parameters, low back pain (LBP) scores and health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) scores. Based on the previous reports, patients were categorised into normal group: NG, pre-sarcopenia group: PG, dynapenia group: DG, and sarcopenia group: SG. Pre-sarcopenia, dynapenia, and sarcopenia were found in 101 (9.7%), 249 (19.2%), and 91 (8.8%) patients, respectively. The spinal sagittal alignment parameters, trunk muscle mass, LBP, and HR-QoL scores were significantly worse in DG and SG compared with those in PG and NG. Spinal alignment, trunk muscle mass, and clinical outcomes, including LBP and HR-QoL scores, were maintained in the PG and poor in the DG and SG. Thus, intervention for muscle strength may be a treatment option for changes of spinal sagittal alignment and low back pain.
Topics: Aged; Humans; Sarcopenia; Low Back Pain; Quality of Life; Muscle Strength; Muscle, Skeletal; Hand Strength; Spinal Diseases
PubMed: 37336997
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37125-w -
Revista Da Associacao Medica Brasileira... 2022Patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) develop high muscle weakness. The objective of this study was to analyze the physical fitness of post-COVID-19... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
OBJECTIVE
Patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) develop high muscle weakness. The objective of this study was to analyze the physical fitness of post-COVID-19 patients and its relationship with dyspnea and health-related quality of life (HrQoL).
METHODS
This observational, retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted between October and November 2021 in the Universidad Europea de Madrid (Spain), with 32 post-COVID-19 patients aged 63.2 (14.1) years. Muscle strength, aerobic capacity, maximal respiratory mouth pressures, dyspnea, and HrQoL were analyzed 6-12 months after discharge for COVID-19. To analyze the relationship between continuous variables, Spearman's correlation test and Pearson's correlation test were performed.
RESULTS
The participants had a mean handgrip strength of 22.1 (9.0) kg and very poor HrQoL. Negative moderate correlations were found between handgrip strength and length of hospital and intensive care unit stay (r=-0.37; p=0.002). In addition, muscle strength was negatively correlated with dyspnea (r=-0.37; p=0.008) and HrQoL, and moderate-large negative correlations were found between dyspnea and HrQoL.
CONCLUSION
Higher handgrip strength was associated with lower COVID-19 severity and less sequelae. Therefore, either the patients with severe COVID-19 suffered greater muscle breakdown, or higher muscle strength acted as a mitigating factor for the disease. It is suggested that post-COVID-19 rehabilitation programs should focus on increasing muscle strength. Also, adequate physical fitness could mitigate the physical and mental post-COVID-19 sequelae.
Topics: Humans; Quality of Life; Hand Strength; Retrospective Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; COVID-19; Muscle Strength; Dyspnea; Disease Progression
PubMed: 36449807
DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20220974 -
Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia Apr 2022
Topics: Breathing Exercises; Exercise Tolerance; Heart Failure; Humans; Lung; Muscle Strength; Prognosis; Respiratory Muscles
PubMed: 35508045
DOI: 10.36660/abc.20211060 -
Journal of Clinical Densitometry : the... 2022Adolescence is an important period for the acquisition of bone mass, which can be enhanced by several factors. This study aimed examine the relationships of handgrip...
Adolescence is an important period for the acquisition of bone mass, which can be enhanced by several factors. This study aimed examine the relationships of handgrip strength, free-fat mass, and fat mass with bone mineral density in adolescents. 118 adolescents (60 girls), aged 10 to 14 years, participated in the study. Information on sex, age, handgrip strength, free-fat mass, fat mass and bone mineral density were collected. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to examine possible relationships between bone mineral density and handgrip strength, free-fat mass and fat mass. There was a relation between handgrip strength and free-fat mass with bone mineral density in both sexes. Fat mass was correlated with bone mineral density only in girls (r= 0.314, p< 0.014). The final models, adjusted for sexual maturation, included free-fat mass (girls - β= 0.419, p< 0.001; boys - β= 0.455; p< 0.001) and handgrip strength (girls - β= 0.358, p< 0.05; boys - β= 0.325; p< 0.05) and these variables together explained 51.8% and 62.9% of the variation of bone mineral density, in girls and boys, respectively. Handgrip strength and free-fat mass were positively associated with bone mineral density. A sex-specific difference indicated that higher levels of free-fat mass are of paramount importance for both sexes.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adolescent; Body Composition; Bone Density; Child; Female; Hand Strength; Humans; Male; Muscle Strength
PubMed: 34756705
DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2021.09.001 -
International Journal of Environmental... Apr 2023Maintaining sufficient muscle strength is fundamental to prevent a decline in basic physical functions such as gait, and is therefore a prerequisite for a healthy...
Maintaining sufficient muscle strength is fundamental to prevent a decline in basic physical functions such as gait, and is therefore a prerequisite for a healthy independent life in older people. However, the relationship between gait parameters and the strength of single muscle groups is reported with inconclusive results. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship of strength of nine single muscle groups of lower and upper leg muscles as well as handgrip strength for gait parameters in older adults. Sixty-nine independently living older adults participated in the study. Maximum ankle plantar- and dorsiflexion, knee flexion and extension, as well as hip abduction, adduction, flexion, and extension strength, were measured using an isokinetic dynamometer. Additionally, hand grip strength measured via a hand dynamometer was obtained. Walking gait parameters were recorded with a 3D motion capture system on an instrumented treadmill. The relationships between multiple strength and gait variables were analyzed by Pearson's correlation coefficient. Linear regression analyses were performed to identify the predictive ability of muscle strength (normalized to body weight) for gait speed, stride time, stance time, stride length and step width. Multiple significant weak to moderate positive ([r = 0.343, = 0.047]-[r = 0.538, = 0.002]) and negative ([r = -0.340, = 0.046]-[r = 0.593, = 0.001]) correlations that were unequally distributed between both sexes were detected. Significant regression models explained ([r = 16.6%, = 0.015]-[r = 44.3 %, = 0.003]) and ([r = 21.8%, = 0.022]-[r = 36.1%, = 0.044]) of the gait parameter variations for men and women, respectively. The results suggest a sex-specific relevance of single muscle groups for all gait parameters. This may be attributed to anatomical differences and it is important to prevent strength-related changes in gait parameters.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Aged; Hand Strength; Gait; Walking; Leg; Muscle Strength
PubMed: 37047976
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075362 -
PloS One 2024Adolescent childbirth is associated with worse physical function over the long-term. Differential loss of muscle strength during pregnancy and postpartum for adolescents...
Adolescent childbirth is associated with worse physical function over the long-term. Differential loss of muscle strength during pregnancy and postpartum for adolescents compared to adults may be one explanation for this, but research examining these differences is lacking. The objective of this study as to assess hand grip strength and hip adduction muscle strength in adolescents and adults during pregnancy and postpartum. A prospective cohort study was carried out with adolescent (13 to 18 years) and adult (23 to 28 years) primigravid women. Assessments were performed at three timepoints: before the 16th gestational week, during the third trimester, and between the fourth and sixth week postpartum. Hand grip strength (continuous and muscle weakness if ≤ 20.67 kgf) and hip adductor measures (continuous and muscle weakness if ≤ 13.8 kgf) were assessed using dynamometry. Generalized estimating equations modelled longitudinal relationships between muscle weakness and age group. More adolescents had hip adductor weakness than adults in the third trimester of pregnancy (62.5% vs. 31.8%, p < 0.005), which was corroborated by the longitudinal analyses. For all women, there were higher odds of hip adductor weakness in the third trimester (OR = 4.35; p< 0.001) and postpartum (OR = 9.45; p < 0.001) compared to the 16th gestational week. No significant difference in HGS was observed between age groups or across the different timepoints. The higher proportion of hip adductor weakness among adolescents may indicate a need for resistance training during and after pregnancy and physical therapy if weakness or injury is noted.
Topics: Adult; Pregnancy; Humans; Adolescent; Female; Hand Strength; Prospective Studies; Muscle Strength; Postpartum Period; Muscle Weakness
PubMed: 38536784
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300062 -
Muscle architecture and its relationship with lower extremity muscle strength in multiple sclerosis.Acta Neurologica Belgica Dec 2022This study was planned to determine the muscle architecture (pennation angle, muscle fiber length, and muscle thickness) and its relationship to lower extremity muscle... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
This study was planned to determine the muscle architecture (pennation angle, muscle fiber length, and muscle thickness) and its relationship to lower extremity muscle strength in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (pwMS). The muscle architecture (pennation angle, muscle fiber length, and muscle thickness) and lower extremity muscle strength were assessed in 33 pwMS [13 Relapsing-Remitting MS (RRMS), 5 Primary Progressive MS (PPMS), 5 Secondary Progressive MS (SPMS), and 11 matched healthy controls (HC)]. Muscle architecture features were assessed with ultrasonography and muscle strength were assessed with a digital hand-held dynamometer. The rectus femoris muscle thickness and pennation angle, gastrocnemius muscle thickness, and the tibialis anterior pennation angle were significantly lower in pwMS compared to HC (p < 0.05). The strength of hip flexors, hip extensors, knee extensors, foot plantar, and foot dorsi flexors were lower in pwMS. In PPMS group, muscle strength of hip flexors was lower than RRMS and SPMS groups, and muscle strength of foot dorsi flexors was lower than RRMS (p < 0.05). In pwMS, positive correlations were found, between knee flexor strength and biceps femoris pennation angle. Also knee extensor strength and rectus femoris fiber length and muscle thickness were correlated positively (p < 0.05). According to our results the muscle architecture is affected in MS. The determination of architectural changes of lower extremity muscles may guide the arrangement of optimal strength exercises in functional rehabilitation programs.ClinicalTrials: NCT03766698.
Topics: Humans; Lower Extremity; Multiple Sclerosis; Muscle Strength; Muscle, Skeletal; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 34417688
DOI: 10.1007/s13760-021-01768-1 -
Aging Clinical and Experimental Research Sep 2023Increased oxidative stress seems to be one of the causes of muscle strength loss during aging. Uric acid (UA) is an important antioxidant that has been positively...
BACKGROUND & AIMS
Increased oxidative stress seems to be one of the causes of muscle strength loss during aging. Uric acid (UA) is an important antioxidant that has been positively associated with muscle strength in older adults. However, UA is also a prerequisite for gout, which is a type of arthritis that increases inflammation. The association between UA and muscle strength in individuals with gout is unknown. The aim of the study was to associate muscle strength with UA in older adults with or without gout diagnosis.
METHODS
The present study evaluated older adults aged from 60 to 80 years from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2012 and 2013-2014. A total of 2529 individuals (1249 men and 1280 women) were evaluated, with (n = 201) or without (n = 2328) gout diagnosis. Muscle strength was measured using a handgrip dynamometer. The combined grip strength (sum of highest values of both hands) was evaluated. Linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between UA and strength adjusting for confounders.
RESULTS
Evaluating the individuals without gout, UA was positively associated with muscle strength [(β = 0.66 (CI = 0.08; 1.24); p = 0.028)]. However, this association was not significant in individuals with gout [(β = 0.20 (CI = - 1.18; 1.58); p = 0.774)].
CONCLUSION
Serum UA is positively associated with handgrip strength only in older adults without gout diagnosis. These results suggest that the presence of gout may avoid a positive association between UA and muscle strength in older adults.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Aged; Uric Acid; Hand Strength; Nutrition Surveys; Gout; Muscle Strength
PubMed: 37341867
DOI: 10.1007/s40520-023-02462-3