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Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy... Jan 2023No studies have synthesized the literature regarding mechanical muscle function (ie, strength, power, rate of force development [RFD]) in people with Parkinson disease... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
No studies have synthesized the literature regarding mechanical muscle function (ie, strength, power, rate of force development [RFD]) in people with Parkinson disease (PD). Here, we aimed to expand our understanding of mechanical muscle function in people with PD (PwPD) by systematically reviewing (1) the psychometric properties of isokinetic/isometric dynamometry in PD, (2) the literature comparing mechanical muscle function in PwPD with healthy controls (HC), and (3) reported associations between muscle mechanical muscle function and functional capacity and/or disease severity.
METHODS
Systematic literature search in 6 databases. Included studies had to (1) enroll and report data on PwPD, (2) include assessment(s) of psychometric properties (ie, validity, reliability, responsiveness) of isokinetic/isometric dynamometry in PD, and/or (3) assess mechanical muscle function in both PwPD and HC using isokinetic/isometric dynamometry.
RESULTS
A total of 40 studies were included. Aim 1 studies (n = 2) showed high reliability for isometric dynamometry (hip-abductor/dorsiflexor/trunk flexor-extensor/handgrip: intraclass correlations coefficients range = 0.92-0.98). Aim 2 studies (n = 40) showed impaired mechanical muscle function (ie, strength, power, RFD) in PwPD compared with HC (effect sizes range = 0.52-1.89). Aim 3 studies (n = 11) showed weak-to-strong associations between overall and lower extremities muscle strength and functional capacity and/or disease severity outcomes (ie, Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
Sparse methodological evidence suggests high reliability when using dynamometry in PwPD. Muscle strength, power, and RFD are impaired in PwPD compared with HC. Muscle strength is associated with functional capacity and disease severity.Video Abstract available for more insights from the authors (see the Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, available at: http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A403 ).
Topics: Humans; Hand Strength; Muscle, Skeletal; Parkinson Disease; Reproducibility of Results; Muscle Strength
PubMed: 36318503
DOI: 10.1097/NPT.0000000000000421 -
Jornal Brasileiro de Nefrologia 2023Reduced muscle strength and low-exercise capacity are well documented in adults, but there are few studies examining those impairments in children and adolescents after...
INTRODUCTION
Reduced muscle strength and low-exercise capacity are well documented in adults, but there are few studies examining those impairments in children and adolescents after kidney transplantation. The objective of this study was to evaluate peripheral and respiratory muscle strength and the association with submaximal exercise capacity in children and adolescents after kidney transplant.
METHODS
Forty-seven patients between six and 18 years of age clinically stable after transplantation were included. Peripheral muscle strength (isokinetic and hand-grip dynamometry), respiratory muscle strength (maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressure), and submaximal exercise capacity (six-minute walk test - 6MWT) were assessed.
RESULTS
Patients had a mean age of 13.1 ± 2.7 years and an average of 34 months had elapsed since the transplantation. Flexors of the knee showed a significant reduction in muscle strength (77.3% of predicted) and knee extensors had normal values (105.4% of predicted). Hand-grip strength and maximal respiratory pressures (inspiratory and expiratory) also were significantly lower than expected (p < 0.001). Although distance walked in the 6MWT was significantly lower than predicted (p < 0.001), no significant correlation was found with peripheral and respiratory muscle strength.
CONCLUSION
Children and adolescents after kidney transplantation have reduced peripheral muscle strength of knee flexors, hand-grip, and maximal respiratory pressures. No associations were found between peripheral and respiratory muscle strength and submaximal exercise capacity.
Topics: Adult; Adolescent; Humans; Child; Kidney Transplantation; Muscle Strength; Respiratory Muscles; Hand Strength
PubMed: 37058682
DOI: 10.1590/2175-8239-JBN-2022-0096en -
Physiology International Sep 2023Grip strength is a marker of future health conditions and is mainly generated by the extrinsic flexor muscles of the fingers. Therefore, whether or not there is a...
BACKGROUND
Grip strength is a marker of future health conditions and is mainly generated by the extrinsic flexor muscles of the fingers. Therefore, whether or not there is a relationship between grip strength and forearm muscle size is vital in considering strategies for grip strength development during growth. Thus, this study aimed to examine the association between changes in grip strength and forearm muscle thickness in young children.
METHODS
Two hundred eighteen young children (104 boys and 114 girls) performed maximum voluntary grip strength and ultrasound-measured muscle thickness measurements in the right hand. Two muscle thicknesses were measured as the perpendicular distance between the adipose tissue-muscle interface and muscle-bone interface of the radius (MT-radius) and ulna (MT-ulna). All participants completed the first measurement and underwent a second measurement one year after the first one.
RESULTS
There were significant (P < 0.001) within-subject correlations between MT-ulna and grip strength [r = 0.50 (0.40, 0.60)] and MT-radius and grip strength [r = 0.59 (0.49, 0.67)]. There was no significant between-subject correlation between MT-ulna and grip strength [r = 0.07 (-0.05, 0.20)], but there was a statistically significant (P < 0.001) between-subject relationship between MT-radius and grip strength [r = 0.27 (0.14, 0.39)].
CONCLUSION
Although we cannot infer causation from the present study, our findings suggest that as muscle size increases within a child, so does muscle strength. Our between-subject analysis, however, suggests that those who observed the greatest change in muscle size did not necessarily get the strongest.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Child; Child, Preschool; Forearm; Hand Strength; Muscle Strength; Muscle, Skeletal
PubMed: 37402166
DOI: 10.1556/2060.2023.00188 -
Scandinavian Journal of Medicine &... Aug 2021This systematic review and meta-analysis examined studies on the chronic effects of exergames on muscle strength in humans. PubMed, Scopus, CENTRAL, Web of Science,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
This systematic review and meta-analysis examined studies on the chronic effects of exergames on muscle strength in humans. PubMed, Scopus, CENTRAL, Web of Science, SciELO, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, and Google Scholar were searched, and manual searches of the reference lists of included studies and hand-searches on Physiotherapy Evidence Database and ResearchGate were conducted from inception to August 10, 2020. Randomized and non-randomized exergame intervention studies with or without a non-exercise group and/or a "usual care intervention group" (any other intervention that did not incorporate exergames), which evaluated muscle strength through direct measurements, were included. Forty-seven and 25 studies were included in the qualitative review and meta-analysis, respectively. The between-groups meta-analyses showed no significant differences between exergames and non-exercise control groups for handgrip strength in heathy/unhealthy middle-aged/older adults or knee extension maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) in healthy older adults. However, exergames provided a greater increase in handgrip strength, knee flexion MVIC, and elbow extension MVIC, but not knee extension MVIC or elbow flexion MVIC, in individuals with different health statuses when compared to usual care interventions. Also, there was a greater increase in handgrip strength in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy favouring usual care plus exergames compared to usual care interventions. These results suggest that exergames may improve upper and lower limb muscle strength in individuals with different heath statuses compared to usual care interventions, but not muscle strength in middle age/older adults after accounting for random error. Also, exergames appear to be a useful tool for improving handgrip strength in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy when added to usual care. However, as the exergame interventions were applied in different populations and there currently are many different approaches to perform exergames, future randomized controlled trials with high methodological quality and large sample sizes are needed to provide more compelling evidence in favour of a specific exergame protocol, or to elucidate exergame protocol design principles that appear to strongly influence outcomes.
Topics: Exercise Therapy; Humans; Muscle Strength; Video Games
PubMed: 33797115
DOI: 10.1111/sms.13964 -
Clinical Nutrition ESPEN Jun 2021Cancer provides a catabolic state, leading to weight loss and depletion of lean mass, which is accompanied by loss of muscle strength in pediatric patients. Muscle...
BACKGROUND & AIMS
Cancer provides a catabolic state, leading to weight loss and depletion of lean mass, which is accompanied by loss of muscle strength in pediatric patients. Muscle strength is considered a predictor of nutritional status. The aim was to evaluate the association between nutritional status and muscle strength in pediatric cancer patients hospitalized at the Cancer Hospital I.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was carried out with cancer patients aged 6-19 years hospitalized in the period from February to November 2019. In the first 48 h of hospitalization, anthropometric (body weight, height, mid-upper arm circumference - MUAC, tricipital skinfold - TSF, calculated body mass index - BMI and mid-arm muscle circumference - MAMC) and handgrip strength (HGS) assessments were performed. The statistical analysis for the data correlation was performed using Pearson's coefficient, linear regression, and association by χ2 test. The HGS values were distributed in quartiles. P-value < 0.05 was considered significant.
RESULTS
The sample consisted of 63 patients, 52.40% male and 47.60% female. The mean age was 13.01 (±3.83; 6.20-19.78) years. The frequency of adequate BMI was 45.60% and the mean HGS was 17.10 kg (±8.93). There was a strong positive correlation between HGS and MAMC and weight (r = 0.743; p < 0,001 and r = 0.706; p < 0,001, respectively), and association with MAMC independently of age and sex. According to quartile distribution, the lowest HGS quartile also showed association with below adequate MAMC (p = 0.005).
CONCLUSIONS
These results showed muscle strength was associated with nutritional status and low muscle strength was associated with low muscle mass, independently of age and sex.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Hand Strength; Humans; Male; Muscle Strength; Neoplasms; Nutrition Assessment; Nutritional Status
PubMed: 34024552
DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.03.009 -
Archives of Medical Research Apr 2023The existing literature regarding the association between muscle strength and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality relies mostly on a single measurement...
BACKGROUND
The existing literature regarding the association between muscle strength and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality relies mostly on a single measurement of muscle strength but has seldomly focused on the accumulated exposure.
OBJECTIVE
This study explored the association between cumulative muscle strength and risks of CVD and all-cause mortality in middle-aged and older adults.
METHODS
A total of 6,972 patients from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, who underwent 3 repeated measurements of muscle strength over 4 years and were followed-up for another 3 years for CVD and all-cause mortality outcomes participated in this study. Muscle strength was evaluated by grip strength and chair-rising time. Cumulative muscle strength was calculated as the area under the curve. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were analyzed.
RESULTS
The odds of CVD and all-cause mortality decreased as cumulative grip strength increased or cumulative chair-rising time decreased. For each 1 standard deviation (SD) increment in cumulative grip strength, the multivariable-adjusted OR for CVD and all-cause mortality were 0.81 (95% CI 0.73-0.91) and 0.85 (95% CI 0.73-0.99), respectively. For each 1 SD decrease in cumulative chair-rising time, the corresponding OR were 0.81 (95% CI 0.75-0.88) and 0.87 (95% CI 0.77-0.98), respectively. However, neither the change-slope of grip strength nor that of chair-rising time was related to decreased OR of CVD or of all-cause mortality.
CONCLUSIONS
Cumulative muscle strength was associated with a reduced risk of CVD and all-cause mortality in middle-aged and older Chinese adults.
Topics: Middle Aged; Humans; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Prospective Studies; Longitudinal Studies; Muscle Strength; Hand Strength; Risk Factors
PubMed: 36732106
DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2023.01.002 -
Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation Apr 2022Research examining the measurement of trunk muscle strength after stroke is limited and diverse. This review, therefore, was undertaken to summarize research addressing... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Research examining the measurement of trunk muscle strength after stroke is limited and diverse. This review, therefore, was undertaken to summarize research addressing what is known about measurements of trunk muscle strength after stroke.
METHODS
Potentially relevant research was identified via 3 electronic database searches and a hand search. The research was examined for information on patients, measurement procedures and study findings. Findings regarding measurement properties (ie, validity, reliability, and responsiveness) were of particular interest.
RESULTS
Searches identified 260 potentially relevant articles of which 28 met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Research involving diverse populations and measurement procedures demonstrates that trunk muscle strength is impaired after stroke. Many studies show that measurements of trunk muscle strength have known-groups/conditions and convergent validity with balance and performance of functional activities. The literature also supports the reliability of measurements of trunk strength after stroke. Little is known regarding the responsiveness of the measurements.
CONCLUSIONS
Trunk strength is commonly impaired after stroke. As weakness of the trunk muscles can affect balance and function, it may warrant routine measurement.
Topics: Humans; Muscle Strength; Postural Balance; Reproducibility of Results; Stroke; Torso
PubMed: 33843498
DOI: 10.1080/10749357.2021.1904583 -
Cumulative muscle strength and risk of diabetes: A prospective cohort study with mediation analysis.Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice Mar 2023Previous studies assessing the association of muscle strength with risk of diabetes have seldomly accounted for the cumulative exposure over time. This study examined...
AIMS
Previous studies assessing the association of muscle strength with risk of diabetes have seldomly accounted for the cumulative exposure over time. This study examined the association of 4-year cumulative muscle strength with risk of diabetes in middle-aged and older adults.
METHODS
We included participants without diabetes, who had 3 repeated measurements of muscle strength, which was assessed by grip strength (normalized by body-weight) and chair-rising time, over 4 years. Cumulative muscle strength was calculated based on trapezoid rule. Logistic regression analysis and mediation analysis for cumulative blood pressure were performed.
RESULTS
We included 3731 and 3799 participants with data on cumulative grip strength and cumulative chair-rising time, respectively. The odds of diabetes were gradually reduced with increments in cumulative grip strength or decrements in cumulative chair-rising time, with the corresponding odds ratio being 0.79 and 0.89 per 1 standard deviation change after multivariable-adjustment. Cumulative systolic blood pressure mediated 10.8% and 14.2% of the associations of diabetes with cumulative grip strength and cumulative chair-rising time, respectively. Cumulative grip strength also correlated inversely with blood pressure, glycemia, and inflammation.
CONCLUSIONS
Higher cumulative muscle strength was associated with lower risk of diabetes and better cardiometabolic health in middle-aged and older Chinese adults.
Topics: Middle Aged; Humans; Aged; Prospective Studies; Mediation Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus; Muscle Strength; Hand Strength
PubMed: 36738835
DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110562 -
Quality of Life Research : An... Mar 2022Pulmonary complications are among the major disadvantages of burns. The present study aimed to determine the effect of inspiratory muscle training on respiratory muscle... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
PURPOSE
Pulmonary complications are among the major disadvantages of burns. The present study aimed to determine the effect of inspiratory muscle training on respiratory muscle strength and health status in burned patients.
METHODS
The current randomized clinical trial was conducted on 64 burned patients in Burn Center of Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad, Iran. In the intervention group, a Powerbreathe device (KH1 digital model) was used twice a day for 10 days, accompanied by the routine procedures and in the control group, only chest physiotherapy and incentive spirometer were used.
RESULTS
Before the intervention, the mean scores of respiratory muscle strength were 38.8 ± 10.1 and 35.8 ± 9.0 in the Powerbreathe group and control group, respectively (p = .206). After the intervention, the mean score of respiratory muscle strength of Powerbreathe group was 49.2 ± 11.8 and in the control group was 39.3 ± 8.5 (p < 0.001). Moreover, the mean scores of health status before the intervention in the burned patients were 66.3 ± 14.8 and 63.0 ± 17.3 in the Powerbreathe group and control group, respectively (p = 0.550). In the post-intervention phase, the mean health status score of the burned patients in the intervention and control groups were measured at 75.9 ± 14.1 and 66.7 ± 15.9, respectively (p = 0.019).
CONCLUSION
It seems that inspiratory muscle training improves respiratory muscle strength and health status in the burned patients. Therefore, the use of Powerbreathe is recommended for the prevention and improvement of pulmonary complications in patients with chest burns.
Topics: Health Status; Humans; Muscle Strength; Physical Therapy Modalities; Quality of Life; Respiratory Muscles
PubMed: 34535839
DOI: 10.1007/s11136-021-02996-x -
Journal of Oral Rehabilitation Nov 2022Muscle strength decreases with age, causing a decline in physical and oro-facial function. However, the impact of physiological and pathophysiological factors on tongue... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
Muscle strength decreases with age, causing a decline in physical and oro-facial function. However, the impact of physiological and pathophysiological factors on tongue pressure (TP) has not been clarified. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare and analyse TP and handgrip strength (HGS) between individuals aged <60 and ≥60 years, gender and need for care (independent older adults (IC) and older adults receiving nursing care (NC)). Furthermore, the effect of HGS in physical function on TP was examined.
METHODS
Human clinical studies reporting HGS and TP were searched systematically using PubMed and Ichushi-Web published from 1969 to Nov 2021. Random-effects meta-regressions were performed to compare between subgroups and to examine the association between HGS and TP (α < .05).
RESULTS
Forty-four studies with a total of 10 343 subjects were included. TP and HGS values were significantly higher in people aged <60 years relative to ≥60 years and in IC relative to NC (all p < .001). Regarding gender, there was no significant difference in TP (p = .370). However, a significant gender-dependent difference in TP was observed in people aged <60 years (p < .001), but not in aged ≥60 years in IC group (p = .118) and aged ≥60 years in NC group (p = .895). There was a significant positive correlation of HGS and TP (p < .001).
CONCLUSIONS
Similar to decrease in HGS, age-related sarcopaenia seems to have an effect on oro-facial muscles like the tongue. Research on rehabilitation measures for oro-facial muscle strength, similar to HGS might be beneficial to improve the personally acquired oro-facial potential.
Topics: Aged; Hand Strength; Humans; Muscle Strength; Pressure; Sex Factors; Tongue
PubMed: 35972300
DOI: 10.1111/joor.13362