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European Geriatric Medicine Feb 2021To examine the relationship between sleep quality and duration and muscle strength among community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
To examine the relationship between sleep quality and duration and muscle strength among community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults.
METHODS
A systematic review was conducted from March 2020 until May 2020. Searches were done for peer-reviewed and English-written articles reporting results of studies in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and in article references lists. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses was used as well as the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) to appraise the methodological quality.
RESULTS
Twenty-one cross-sectional, three prospective studies and a total of 92,363 subjects were included. The majority of the included studies are classified as "high quality". Handgrip strength is the main method of muscle strength assessment. Sleep assessment is usually conducted using subjective measures, such as validated sleep scales or self-reported questionnaires. Actigraphy, as an objective measure, is used less often. Most studies support strong evidence on the association between weak muscle strength and poor sleep quality and duration among middle-aged and older adults; whereas the results for the gender-specific association and the impact of short or long sleep duration were inconclusive.
CONCLUSION
This review has identified strong evidence on the relationship between sleep quality and duration and muscle strength among middle-aged and older adults. Health professionals should consider this relationship as a component of geriatric assessment in community practice and geriatric settings. Future rigorous research with a combination of subjective and objective measurements is needed to explore whether gender and specific sleep duration are related to muscle strength.
Topics: Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Hand Strength; Humans; Middle Aged; Muscle Strength; Prospective Studies; Sleep
PubMed: 32974889
DOI: 10.1007/s41999-020-00399-8 -
Journal of Critical Care Dec 2022Augmented calories may attenuate muscle loss experienced in critical illness. This exploratory sub-study assessed the effect of augmented calorie delivery on muscle... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
PURPOSE
Augmented calories may attenuate muscle loss experienced in critical illness. This exploratory sub-study assessed the effect of augmented calorie delivery on muscle mass, strength, and function.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Patients in The Augmented versus Routine approach to Giving Energy Trial (TARGET) randomised to 1.5 kcal/ml or 1.0 kcal/ml enteral formulae at a single-centre were included. Ultrasound-derived muscle layer thickness (MLT) at quadriceps, forearm and mid-upper arm, and handgrip strength, were measured weekly from baseline to hospital discharge, and 3- and 6-months. Physical function was assessed at 3- and 6-months using the 'get up and go' and 6-min walk tests. Data are mean ± SD.
RESULTS
Eighty patients were recruited (1.5 kcal: n = 38, 58 ± 14y, 60%M, APACHE II 20 ± 7; 1.0 kcal: n = 42, 54 ± 18y, 66%M, APACHE II 22 ± 10). The 1.5 kcal/ml group received more calories with no difference in quadriceps MLT at any timepoint including ICU discharge (primary outcome) (2.90 ± 1.27 vs 2.39 ± 1.06 cm; P = 0.141). Relationships were similar for all MLT measures, handgrip strength, and 6-min walk test. Patients in the 1.5 kcal/ml group had improved 'get up and go' test at 3-months (6.66 ± 1.33 vs. 9.11 ± 2.94 s; P = 0.014).
CONCLUSION
Augmented calorie delivery may not attenuate muscle loss or recovery of strength or function 6-months post-ICU, but this requires exploration in a larger trial.
Topics: Humans; APACHE; Critical Illness; Energy Intake; Hand Strength; Intensive Care Units; Muscle Strength; Muscles
PubMed: 36058058
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2022.154140 -
International Journal of Environmental... Oct 2022We hypothesized that a combined index of upper and lower body muscle strength would be more strongly associated with diabetes than either measure alone. Women recruited...
We hypothesized that a combined index of upper and lower body muscle strength would be more strongly associated with diabetes than either measure alone. Women recruited into the Integrated Women's Health Program had their handgrip strength (HGS) measured using a dynamometer and underwent a timed 5-repetition chair stand (RCS) test. HGS < 18 kg and RCS performance ≥ 12 s assessed upper and lower body strength, respectively, both individually and combined in a muscle strength index (MSI). Diabetes was defined as physician-diagnosed, use of anti-diabetic medication, or fasting blood glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L. Binary logistic regression examined the associations between muscle strength and diabetes. Of 1170 midlife women, 12.1% had diabetes. A low HGS was independently associated with diabetes (aOR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.44). Prolonged RCS was also associated with diabetes (aOR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.09, 2.30), but this was not independent of visceral adiposity and muscle mass. A poor MSI had higher odds of diabetes (aOR: 2.37, 95% CI: 1.40, 4.03), independent of age, ethnicity, education level, menopausal status, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, height, visceral adiposity, and muscle mass. The combination of both upper and lower body muscle strength into a composite MSI was more strongly associated with diabetes than either weak HGS or prolonged RCS alone in midlife women.
Topics: Humans; Female; Hand Strength; Blood Glucose; Muscle Strength; Exercise; Diabetes Mellitus
PubMed: 36294234
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013654 -
Liver International : Official Journal... Feb 2023
Topics: Humans; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Cause of Death; Muscle Strength; Risk Factors; Hand Strength
PubMed: 36520009
DOI: 10.1111/liv.15498 -
International Journal of Environmental... May 2021Functional mobility and muscle strength are well known risk factors for sarcopenia. Furthermore, possible associations have been suggested between predisposing factors...
BACKGROUND
Functional mobility and muscle strength are well known risk factors for sarcopenia. Furthermore, possible associations have been suggested between predisposing factors of sarcopenia and reaction time among the elderly. This study aims to analyze possible associations of functional mobility and muscle strength and reaction times in a population of people aged >60 years.
METHODS
A total of 290 older people (69.35 ± 5.55 years) participated in this study. The following parameters were assessed: optoacoustic lower-limb reaction time (OALLRT); acoustic lower-limb reaction time (ALLRT); optic lower-limb reaction time (OLLRT, using an optical detection system), functional mobility (through the timed up-and-go test) and muscle strength (using a dynamometer).
RESULTS
Our results show that lower values of muscle strength were associated with increased reaction times in OALLRT (β = -0.170; 95% confidence interval -0.011-0.000; R = 0.237; = 0.035) and in ALLRT (β = -0.228; 95% confidence interval -0.011-0.002; R = 0.199; = 0.006).
CONCLUSION
Increased muscle strength (which at low values are risk factors for sarcopenia) was associated with decreased reaction times in people >60 years of age.
Topics: Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Hand Strength; Humans; Muscle Strength; Muscle, Skeletal; Physical Functional Performance; Reaction Time
PubMed: 34072660
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115893 -
Physical Therapy in Sport : Official... Nov 2023To compare hip muscle strength and functional performance in football players with and without hip dysplasia and investigate if the relationships were modified by sex.
OBJECTIVE
To compare hip muscle strength and functional performance in football players with and without hip dysplasia and investigate if the relationships were modified by sex.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional study.
METHODS
This study compared football players with hip dysplasia (HD group) and without hip dysplasia (control group). Hip muscle strength (Nm/kg) and functional task performance were assessed in both groups. Linear regression with generalized estimating equations were used to assess differences between groups. Sex was assessed as a potential effect modifier.
RESULTS
101 football players were included (HD group, n = 50, control group, n = 51). There was no difference in hip muscle strength or functional performance between the HD group and the control group. Results ranged from hip extension strength (Estimate -0.13.95%CI: 0.29 to 0.02, P = 0.087) to hip external rotation strength (Estimate 0.00.95%CI: 0.05 to 0.05, P = 0.918). No relationships were modified by sex or age.
CONCLUSIONS
Similar levels of hip muscle strength and functional performance were found in active football players with and without hip dysplasia. These findings differ from other studies. This may be due to our cohort having less advanced hip dysplasia than the surgical populations that have been previously investigated, or due to a beneficial effect of football participation on muscle strength and functional performance in people with hip dysplasia.
Topics: Humans; Football; Hip Joint; Hip Dislocation; Cross-Sectional Studies; Muscle Strength; Groin
PubMed: 37598519
DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2023.08.002 -
Muscle & Nerve Aug 2022Dysferlinopathy demonstrates heterogeneity in muscle weakness between patients, which can progress at different rates over time. Changing muscle strength due to disease...
INTRODUCTION/AIMS
Dysferlinopathy demonstrates heterogeneity in muscle weakness between patients, which can progress at different rates over time. Changing muscle strength due to disease progression or from an investigational product is associated with changing functional ability. The purpose of this study was to compare three methods of strength testing used in the Clinical Outcome Study (COS) for dysferlinopathy to understand which method and which muscle groups were most sensitive to change over time.
METHODS
Patients were evaluated at each study visit using functional scales, manual muscle testing, and handheld dynamometry (HHD) at all 15 sites. A fixed-frame system (Fixed) was used at a subset of seven sites. Screening and baseline visits were evaluated for reliability. Data over a 1-year period were analyzed to determine sensitivity to change among strength modalities and individual muscle groups.
RESULTS
HHD and Fixed captured significant change across 1 year in summed muscle strength score of four muscle groups (P < .01). Strength summed scores were significantly correlated with functional scales (rho = 0.68-0.92, P < .001). Individual muscle groups, however, showed high levels of variability between visits.
DISCUSSION
Although both HHD and Fixed demonstrate change over 12 months, HHD is a less expensive option that provides data on a continuous scale and may be easier to implement. Due to variability in strength measures, researchers should carefully consider use of strength testing as an outcome and may wish to select functional measures with less variability as clinical trial endpoints.
Topics: Humans; Muscle Strength; Muscle Strength Dynamometer; Muscular Dystrophies, Limb-Girdle; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 35506767
DOI: 10.1002/mus.27570 -
Nutrients Feb 2022Sarcopenia refers to common age-related changes characterised by loss of muscle mass, strength, and physical performance that results in physical disability, poorer... (Review)
Review
Sarcopenia refers to common age-related changes characterised by loss of muscle mass, strength, and physical performance that results in physical disability, poorer health status, and higher mortality in older adults. Diet quality is indicated as a potentially modifiable risk factor for sarcopenia. However, the association between diet quality and sarcopenia in developing economies appears to be conflicting. Hence, we conducted a systematic review of the literature from developing economies examining the relationship between diet quality and at least one of the three components of sarcopenia, including muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance, and the overall risk of sarcopenia. No restrictions on age and study design were employed. We identified 15 studies that met review inclusion criteria. There was heterogeneity among the studies in the diet quality metric used and sarcopenia-related outcomes evaluated. Longitudinal evidence and studies relating diet quality to a holistic definition of sarcopenia were lacking. Although limited and predominantly cross-sectional, the evidence consistently showed that diet quality defined by diversity and nutrient adequacy was positively associated with sarcopenia components, such as muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance.
Topics: Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diet; Humans; Muscle Strength; Muscle, Skeletal; Sarcopenia
PubMed: 35215518
DOI: 10.3390/nu14040868 -
Scientific Reports Aug 2022Health outcomes of the elderly vary between rural and urban areas. Sarcopenia is diagnosed as loss of muscle strength or impaired physical performance, namely "low...
Health outcomes of the elderly vary between rural and urban areas. Sarcopenia is diagnosed as loss of muscle strength or impaired physical performance, namely "low muscle function" and low muscle mass. Outcomes of low muscle mass and low muscle function are not equal. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of low muscle mass, low muscle function, and sarcopenia in rural and urban populations and to determine whether regional differences were associated with each of these components. Participants aged ≥ 69 years (n = 2354) were recruited from three urban districts and one rural district in Korea. Low muscle mass was defined by appendicular lean mass using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Low muscle function was defined by handgrip strength and 5-chair stand test. Sarcopenia was defined as low muscle mass plus low muscle function. The prevalence of low muscle function (53.7% vs. 72.8%), and sarcopenia (16.3% vs. 24.4%) were higher in the rural elderly population. Rural residence was associated with low muscle function (OR 1.63; 95% CI 1.13-2.37, P = 0.009), but not with low muscle mass (OR 0.58; 95% CI 0.22-1.54, P = 0.271) or with sarcopenia (OR 1.13; 95% CI 0.63-2.00, P = 0.683). Interventions to detect and improve low muscle function in rural elderly population are needed.
Topics: Aged; Hand Strength; Humans; Muscle Strength; Muscles; Rural Population; Sarcopenia
PubMed: 35995980
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18167-y -
Journal of Bodywork and Movement... Jul 2023This study is aimed to evaluate pain, muscle strength, scapular muscular endurance and scapular kinesis in individuals with Nonspecific Chronic Neck Pain and to compare...
Assessment of pain, scapulothoracic muscle strength, endurance and scapular dyskinesis in individuals with and without nonspecific chronic neck pain: A cross-sectional study.
INTRODUCTION
This study is aimed to evaluate pain, muscle strength, scapular muscular endurance and scapular kinesis in individuals with Nonspecific Chronic Neck Pain and to compare them with asymptomatic individuals. In addition, to investigate the effect of mechanical changes in the scapular region on neck pain.
METHOD
40 individuals who applied to Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine Hospital Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Center and diagnosed with NSCNP and 40 asymptomatic individuals for the control group were included the study. Pain was evaluated with Visual Analogue Scale, pain threshold and pain tolerance with algometer, cervical deep flexor group muscle strength with Stabilizer Pressure Biofeedback device, and neck and scapulothoracic muscle strength with Hand Held Dynamometer. Scapular Dyskinesia Test, Scapular Depression Test and Lateral Scapular Slide Test were used to evaluate scapular kinesis. A timer was used to evaluate scapular muscular endurance.
RESULT
Pain threshold and pain tolerance values of the NSCNP group were lower (p < 0.05). Muscle strength around neck and scapulothoracic region of the NSCNP group were lower than the asymptomatic individuals (p < 0.05). NSCNP group had more scapular dyskinesia (p < 0.05). Scapular muscular endurance values of the NSCNP group were lower (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
As a result, pain threshold and pain tolerance decreased, muscle strength of the neck region and the scapular region decreased, scapular endurance values decreased and the incidence of scapular dyskinesia increased in the individuals with NSCNP compared to the asymptomatic individuals. It is thought that our study will provide a different perspective in the evaluation of neck pain and including the scapular region to the evaluations.
Topics: Humans; Neck Pain; Cross-Sectional Studies; Pain Measurement; Scapula; Chronic Pain; Muscle Strength; Dyskinesias
PubMed: 37330779
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2023.04.008