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Radiologic Clinics of North America Jan 2022Pediatric musculoskeletal infections often pose a diagnostic challenge due to their frequently vague and nonspecific clinical presentation. Imaging evaluation is a... (Review)
Review
Pediatric musculoskeletal infections often pose a diagnostic challenge due to their frequently vague and nonspecific clinical presentation. Imaging evaluation is a crucial component to diagnostic workup of these entities. Changed epidemiology of these infections over the past 2 decades has resulted in increases in both disease incidence and severity in the pediatric population. Prompt and accurate diagnosis is essential in order to reduce the risk of morbid sequelae, and to optimize patient management. In this article, the unique pathophysiology of musculoskeletal infections and characteristic imaging findings in children compared with adults are reviewed.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Diagnostic Imaging; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infections; Male; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Musculoskeletal System; Practice Guidelines as Topic
PubMed: 34836563
DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2021.08.012 -
Pediatric Clinics of North America Feb 2020A limp is a common presentation to pediatricians, emergency centers, and orthopedists. A directed history and physical examination, and the development of a differential... (Review)
Review
A limp is a common presentation to pediatricians, emergency centers, and orthopedists. A directed history and physical examination, and the development of a differential diagnosis based on limp type, patient's age, and the anatomic site that is most likely affected, provides a selective approach to diagnostic testing. Laboratory tests are indicated when infection, inflammatory arthritis, or a malignancy is considered. Imaging usually begins with plain radiography. Ultrasonography is valuable in assessing irritable hips. Advanced imaging is done in select cases. Prompt referral to an orthopedist is essential, especially if septic joint, vascular or compartment issues, or open fractures are suspected.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Decision Trees; Gait; Gait Analysis; Humans; Infant; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Musculoskeletal System; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 31779828
DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2019.09.009 -
Indian Journal of Pediatrics Oct 2023Musculoskeletal (MSK) pain is a common pediatric problem and can occur due to many etiologies. A pediatrician should be clinically equipped to identify the cause of... (Review)
Review
Musculoskeletal (MSK) pain is a common pediatric problem and can occur due to many etiologies. A pediatrician should be clinically equipped to identify the cause of musculoskeletal pain by a meticulous history, a detailed physical examination and judicious use of appropriate investigations. In this review, the authors attempt to delineate the approach and discuss a few common causes of musculoskeletal pain.
PubMed: 37863870
DOI: 10.1007/s12098-023-04884-3 -
Muscle & Nerve May 2024Electrodiagnostic evaluations are commonly requested for patients with suspected radiculopathy. Understanding lower extremity musculoskeletal conditions is essential for... (Review)
Review
Electrodiagnostic evaluations are commonly requested for patients with suspected radiculopathy. Understanding lower extremity musculoskeletal conditions is essential for electrodiagnostic medicine specialists, as musculoskeletal disorders often mimic or coexist with radiculopathy. This review delineates radicular pain from other types originating from the lumbosacral spine and describes musculoskeletal conditions frequently mimicking radiculopathy, such as those that cause radiating pain and sensorimotor dysfunction. In clinical evaluation, a history of pain radiating along a specific dermatomal territory with associated sensory disturbance suggests radiculopathy. Physical examination findings consistent with radiculopathy include myotomal weakness, depressed or absent muscle stretch reflexes, focal atrophy along a discrete nerve root territory, and potentially positive dural tension maneuvers like the straight leg raise. However, electrodiagnostic medicine specialists must be knowledgeable of musculoskeletal mimics, which may manifest as incomplete radiation within or beyond a dermatomal territory, non-radiating pain, tenderness, and give-way weakness, in the context of a normal neurological examination. A systematic approach to musculoskeletal examination is vital, and this review focuses on high-yield physical examination maneuvers and diagnostic investigations to differentiate between musculoskeletal conditions and radiculopathy. This approach ensures accurate diagnoses, promotes resource stewardship, enhances patient satisfaction, and optimizes care delivery. Musculoskeletal conditions resembling L1 to S4 radiculopathy are reviewed, emphasizing their distinctive features in history, physical examination, and diagnostic investigation. Among the more than 30 musculoskeletal disorders reviewed are hip and knee osteoarthritis, lumbar facet syndrome, myofascial pain syndrome, greater trochanteric pain syndrome, and plantar fasciitis.
PubMed: 38726566
DOI: 10.1002/mus.28106 -
Advances in Experimental Medicine and... 2020Advancements in musculoskeletal analysis have been achieved by adopting deep learning technology in image recognition and analysis. Unlike musculoskeletal modeling based... (Review)
Review
Advancements in musculoskeletal analysis have been achieved by adopting deep learning technology in image recognition and analysis. Unlike musculoskeletal modeling based on computational anatomy, deep learning-based methods can obtain muscle information automatically. Through analysis of image features, both approaches can obtain muscle characteristics such as shape, volume, and area, and derive additional information by analyzing other image textures. In this chapter, we first discuss the necessity of musculoskeletal analysis and the required image processing technology. Then, the limitations of skeletal muscle recognition based on conventional handcrafted features are discussed, and developments in skeletal muscle recognition using machine learning and deep learning technology are described. Next, a technique for analyzing musculoskeletal systems using whole-body computed tomography (CT) images is shown. This study aims to achieve automatic recognition of skeletal muscles throughout the body and automatic classification of atrophic muscular disease using only image features, to demonstrate an application of whole-body musculoskeletal analysis driven by deep learning. Finally, we discuss future development of musculoskeletal analysis that effectively combines deep learning with handcrafted feature-based modeling techniques.
Topics: Bone and Bones; Deep Learning; Humans; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Muscle, Skeletal; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 32030670
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-33128-3_11 -
Emergency Medicine Clinics of North... Feb 2020With the high cost and limited availability of gold standard imaging modalities, ultrasound has become an alternative in many musculoskeletal (MSK) injuries. Ultrasound... (Review)
Review
With the high cost and limited availability of gold standard imaging modalities, ultrasound has become an alternative in many musculoskeletal (MSK) injuries. Ultrasound has become increasingly portable and readily available in many acute care settings. Its ability to diagnose MSK injuries and help guide management has the potential to improve patient safety and flow. Ultrasound has been shown to diagnose fractures, dislocations, and tendon and ligament injuries. It helps guide fracture and dislocation reductions and aids in regional anesthesia for pain management. This article reviews the common MSK injuries that can be diagnosed with ultrasound with a focus on point-of-care ultrasound.
Topics: Humans; Musculoskeletal System; Point-of-Care Systems; Ultrasonography; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 31757253
DOI: 10.1016/j.emc.2019.09.009 -
Cardiovascular and Interventional... Nov 2023Percutaneous thermal ablation is widely used for local control and palliation of a variety of lesions throughout the musculoskeletal system. In this setting, safe... (Review)
Review
Percutaneous thermal ablation is widely used for local control and palliation of a variety of lesions throughout the musculoskeletal system. In this setting, safe ablation is predicated on the avoidance of unintentional injury to vulnerable neural structures that are often in proximity to ablation targets. This article highlights key periprocedural considerations in musculoskeletal ablation and reviews the array of active and passive thermoprotective measures that are critical to safe and successful treatment.
Topics: Humans; Cryosurgery; Musculoskeletal System; Catheter Ablation; Ablation Techniques
PubMed: 36944852
DOI: 10.1007/s00270-023-03407-z -
Pediatric Radiology Nov 2019Cerebral palsy is a neurologic condition with myriad musculoskeletal and articular manifestations. While every patient is unique with innumerable variations in... (Review)
Review
Cerebral palsy is a neurologic condition with myriad musculoskeletal and articular manifestations. While every patient is unique with innumerable variations in presentation, symptoms and treatments, there are broad themes and recognizable patterns of development. Many of these findings spill over to other neurodevelopmental disorders, and lessons learned from children with cerebral palsy translate well to multiple neurologic conditions. This review focuses on the more common manifestations involving the spine, knee, foot and ankle, with an emphasis on collecting and describing imaging features, along with clinical and radiologic pearls and pitfalls.
Topics: Ankle; Cerebral Palsy; Foot; Humans; Knee; Lower Extremity; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Radiography; Spine
PubMed: 31686165
DOI: 10.1007/s00247-019-04519-w -
Journal of Medical Ultrasonics (2001) Oct 2022
Topics: Humans; Musculoskeletal System; Ultrasonography; Ultrasonography, Interventional; Musculoskeletal Diseases
PubMed: 36344757
DOI: 10.1007/s10396-022-01255-x -
International Journal of Rheumatic... Apr 2021
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Heart Disease Risk Factors; Humans; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Prognosis; Rheumatic Diseases; Risk Assessment
PubMed: 33817989
DOI: 10.1111/1756-185X.14112