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Journal of Sport and Health Science Sep 2021Running-related musculoskeletal injuries (RRMIs), especially stemming from overuse, frequently occur in runners. This study aimed to systematically review the literature...
OBJECTIVE
Running-related musculoskeletal injuries (RRMIs), especially stemming from overuse, frequently occur in runners. This study aimed to systematically review the literature and determine the incidence and prevalence proportion of RRMIs by anatomic location and specific pathology.
METHODS
An electronic database search with no date beginning restrictions was performed in SPORTDiscus, PubMed, and MEDLINE up to June 2020. Prospective studies were used to find the anatomic location and the incidence proportion of each RRMI, whereas retrospective or cross-sectional studies were used to find the prevalence proportion of each RRMI. A separate analysis for ultramarathon runners was performed.
RESULTS
The overall injury incidence and prevalence were 40.2% ± 18.8% and 44.6% ± 18.4% (mean ± SD), respectively. The knee, ankle, and lower leg accounted for the highest proportion of injury incidence, whereas the knee, lower leg, and foot/toes had the highest proportion of injury prevalence. Achilles tendinopathy (10.3%), medial tibial stress syndrome (9.4%), patellofemoral pain syndrome (6.3%), plantar fasciitis (6.1%), and ankle sprains (5.8%) accounted for the highest proportion of injury incidence, whereas patellofemoral pain syndrome (16.7%), medial tibial stress syndrome (9.1%), plantar fasciitis (7.9%), iliotibial band syndrome (7.9%), and Achilles tendinopathy (6.6%) had the highest proportion of injury prevalence. The ankle (34.5%), knee (28.1%), and lower leg (12.9%) were the 3 most frequently injured sites among ultramarathoners.
CONCLUSION
The injury incidence proportions by anatomic location between ultramarathoners and non-ultramarathoners were not significantly different (p = 0.798). The pathologies with the highest incidence proportion of injuries were anterior compartment tendinopathy (19.4%), patellofemoral pain syndrome (15.8%), and Achilles tendinopathy (13.7%). The interpretation of epidemiological data in RRMIs is limited due to several methodological issues encountered.
Topics: Athletic Injuries; Humans; Incidence; Musculoskeletal System; Prevalence; Running
PubMed: 33862272
DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2021.04.001 -
Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology Oct 2022The acromioclavicular (AC) joint is commonly injured in athletes participating in contact and overhead throwing sports. Injuries range from simple sprains to complete... (Review)
Review
The acromioclavicular (AC) joint is commonly injured in athletes participating in contact and overhead throwing sports. Injuries range from simple sprains to complete ligamentous disruption, and they are classified by the established Rockwood grading system. High-grade injuries are associated with fractures around the AC joint and disruption of the superior shoulder suspensory complex, a ring of osseous and ligamentous structures at the superior aspect of the shoulder. Radiographs are the mainstay of imaging of the AC joint, with magnetic resonance imaging reserved for high-grade injuries to aid classification and plan surgical management. Low-grade AC joint injuries tend to be managed conservatively, but a wide range of surgical procedures have been described for higher grade injuries and fractures around the AC joint. This review illustrates the anatomy of the AC joint and surrounding structures, the imaging features of AC joint injury, and the most commonly performed methods of reconstruction and their complications.
Topics: Humans; Acromioclavicular Joint; Shoulder; Joint Diseases; Sprains and Strains; Ligaments; Fractures, Bone; Joint Dislocations
PubMed: 36535595
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1750726 -
The Journal of the American Academy of... Jun 2020Increasing numbers of people are participating in the sport of rock climbing, and its growth is expected to continue with the sport's Olympic debut in 2020. Extreme... (Review)
Review
Increasing numbers of people are participating in the sport of rock climbing, and its growth is expected to continue with the sport's Olympic debut in 2020. Extreme loading of the upper extremities, contorted positioning of the lower extremities, rockfall, and falling from height create an elevated and diverse injury potential that is affected by experience level and quantity of participation. Injuries vary from acute traumatic injuries to chronic overuse injuries. Unique sport-specific injuries to the flexor tendon pulley system exist, but the remaining musculoskeletal system is not exempt from injury. Orthopaedic evaluation and surgery is frequently required. Understanding the sport of rock climbing and its injury patterns, treatments, and prevention is necessary to diagnose, manage, and counsel the rock-climbing athlete.
Topics: Accidental Falls; Athletic Injuries; Chronic Disease; Cumulative Trauma Disorders; Humans; Mountaineering; Musculoskeletal System
PubMed: 32015250
DOI: 10.5435/JAAOS-D-19-00575 -
Current Sports Medicine Reports Jun 2021Treatment of musculoskeletal conditions in athletes with extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) is gaining popularity as greater evidence supports its use. ESWT... (Review)
Review
Treatment of musculoskeletal conditions in athletes with extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) is gaining popularity as greater evidence supports its use. ESWT protocols (describing energy flux density, number of impulses, type of shockwave (focused or radial), number/frequency/duration of treatment session, area of application, and postprocedural therapy protocols) can be adjusted in the clinical setting. Protocols vary across studies, and optimal protocols for most indications are yet to be determined. ESWT can safely be used to treat various musculoskeletal conditions in athletes, including rotator cuff tendinopathy, lateral elbow epicondlyopathy, greater trochanteric pain syndrome, hamstring tendinopathy, patellar tendinopathy, Achilles tendinopathy, other tendinopathies, plantar fasciopathy, bone stress injuries, and medial tibial stress syndrome. ESWT can be used to treat in-season athletes, as it often requires no/minimal time away from sport and may result in rapid benefits. ESWT should be used in conjunction with physical therapy to facilitate longer-term gains in function and to optimize healing.
Topics: Achilles Tendon; Athletes; Athletic Injuries; Combined Modality Therapy; Contraindications; Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy; Fascia; Femur; Hamstring Tendons; Humans; Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome; Musculoskeletal System; Patellar Ligament; Rotator Cuff Injuries; Tendinopathy; Tennis Elbow
PubMed: 34099607
DOI: 10.1249/JSR.0000000000000851 -
The Physician and Sportsmedicine Dec 2023Identifying risk factors for Achilles Tendon Rupture (ATR) is one of the first necessary steps for its prevention. This systematic review aimed to update the systematic... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Identifying risk factors for Achilles Tendon Rupture (ATR) is one of the first necessary steps for its prevention. This systematic review aimed to update the systematic review published in 2014 in ATR etiology.
METHODOLOGY
A systematic review was carried out using PubMed, EBSCO, and ScienceDirect databases. All types of research studies (Randomized Control Trials - RCTs, Cohort studies, Case-control studies and Cross-sectional studies) that considered ATR, were eligible. The inclusion criteria for eligibility of the studies were to be written in the English language, and to include populations of men and/or women, both athletes, and non-athletes, healthy individuals, and patients. Two independent reviewers used the assessment instrument Newcastle-Ottawa Scale independently, to evaluate the quality of each selected study. Further, two reviewers worked independently to extract the study characteristics, and the GRADE methodology was used to assess the level of certainty of each risk factor.
RESULTS
From 9526 studies initially identified, 19 studies were eligible for further analysis to identify risk factors for ATR. Seventeen studies were considered good quality, and two studies fair quality. Low to very low certainty of evidence was found for the following medications: steroids, quinolones, and oral bisphosphonate, as well as for other factors such as chronic tendon inflammation and Achilles' tendinopathy, spring season, diabetes, previous musculoskeletal injury, regular participation in athletic activity, hyperparathyroidism, renal failure, and genetic factors.
CONCLUSIONS
The risk factors found prove that ATR is a multifactorial injury. Appropriate methodologies and well-designed studies are needed to determine the factors and their significance in ATR risk. Finally, the role of biomechanical and psychological aspects in the ATR etiology may be of interest in future studies, as we could not extract relative data in our review.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Achilles Tendon; Cross-Sectional Studies; Tendon Injuries; Risk Factors; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Rupture
PubMed: 35670156
DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2022.2085505 -
British Journal of Sports Medicine May 2020This statement summarises and appraises the evidence on diagnosis, prevention and treatment of the most common lower extremity muscle injuries in sport. We... (Review)
Review
Diagnosis, prevention and treatment of common lower extremity muscle injuries in sport - grading the evidence: a statement paper commissioned by the Danish Society of Sports Physical Therapy (DSSF).
This statement summarises and appraises the evidence on diagnosis, prevention and treatment of the most common lower extremity muscle injuries in sport. We systematically searched electronic databases, and included studies based on the highest available evidence. Subsequently, we evaluated the quality of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework, grading the quality of evidence from high to very low. Most clinical tests showed very low to low diagnostic effectiveness. For hamstring injury prevention, programmes that included the Nordic hamstring exercise resulted in a hamstring injury risk reduction when compared with usual care (medium to large effect size; moderate to high quality of evidence). For prevention of groin injuries, both the FIFA 11+programme and the Copenhagen adductor strengthening programme resulted in a groin injury risk reduction compared with usual care (medium effect size; low to moderate quality of evidence). For the treatment of hamstring injuries, lengthening hamstring exercises showed the fastest return to play with a lower reinjury rate compared with conventional hamstring exercises (large effect size; very low to low quality of evidence). Platelet-rich plasma had no effect on time to return-to-play and reinjury risk (trivial effect size; moderate quality of evidence) after a hamstring injury compared with placebo or rehabilitation. At this point, most outcomes for diagnosis, prevention and treatment were graded as very low to moderate quality of evidence, indicating that further high-quality research is likely to have an important impact on the confidence in the effect estimates.
Topics: Athletic Injuries; Exercise Therapy; Humans; Lower Extremity; Muscle, Skeletal; Platelet-Rich Plasma; Recurrence; Return to Sport
PubMed: 31937579
DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2019-101228 -
International Journal of Sports Medicine Jul 2020The musculoskeletal system has an integral role throughout life, including structural support to the body, protection, and allowing a range of fine to complex movements... (Review)
Review
The musculoskeletal system has an integral role throughout life, including structural support to the body, protection, and allowing a range of fine to complex movements for daily living to elite sporting events. At various times, injuries to the musculoskeletal system occur resulting in varying levels of impact to the person both acutely and chronically. Specifically, there is a spectrum of complexity in orthopedic injuries, with some such as common muscle strains, that while burdensome will have no impact on life-long functional ability, and others that can result in long lasting disability. Focusing on extremity injuries, this review highlights: )the current impact of orthopedic injuries in sport and daily life; ) the foundation of bone and skeletal muscle repair and regeneration; and ) the disruptions in regenerative healing due to traumatic orthopedic injuries. This review seeks to maximize the broad and collective research impact on sport and traumatic orthopedic injuries in search of promoting ongoing innovation for treatment and rehabilitation approaches aimed to improve musculoskeletal health throughout life.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Athletic Injuries; Bone Regeneration; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Inflammation; Lower Extremity; Muscle, Skeletal; Physical Therapy Modalities; Regeneration; Upper Extremity; Wound Healing
PubMed: 32242332
DOI: 10.1055/a-1128-7128 -
Medicine and Science in Sports and... Jun 2020Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is a well-established treatment for a variety of conditions. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is the administration of 100% oxygen breathing in... (Review)
Review
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is a well-established treatment for a variety of conditions. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is the administration of 100% oxygen breathing in a pressure vessel at higher than atmospheric pressure (1 atmosphere absolute = 101 kPa). Typically, treatment is given daily for between 1 and 2 h at pressures of 2.0 to 2.8 ATA, depending on the indication. Sporting injuries are often treated over 3 to 10 sessions. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy has been documented to be effective and is approved in 14 medical indications by the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, including, but not limited to, carbon monoxide poisoning, compromised skin grafts and flaps, crush injuries, necrotizing soft tissue infections, and nonhealing ulcers with arterial insufficiencies. Recently, HBOT for sports musculoskeletal injuries is receiving increased attention. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy may allow injured athletes to recover faster than normal rehabilitation methods. Any reduction in collegiate and professional athletes' rehabilitation period can be financially significant for top-level sports teams; however, further research is required to confirm HBOT's benefits on sports musculoskeletal injuries. The purpose of this review to discuss the current understanding of HBOT as a treatment modality for common musculoskeletal injuries in sport medicine. Moreover, we will highlight the advantages and disadvantages of this modality, as well as relevant clinical and research applications.
Topics: Athletic Injuries; Contusions; Humans; Hyperbaric Oxygenation; Ligaments; Musculoskeletal System; Myalgia; Oxygen Consumption; Sprains and Strains; Tendon Injuries
PubMed: 31876671
DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002257 -
Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology Jun 2020The Gaelic sports of hurling and football, native to Ireland, are increasing in popularity worldwide. The injury profile of these sports requires multidisciplinary... (Review)
Review
The Gaelic sports of hurling and football, native to Ireland, are increasing in popularity worldwide. The injury profile of these sports requires multidisciplinary management by sports physicians, orthopaedic surgeons, and musculoskeletal (MSK) radiologists, among others. Advances in imaging modalities and interventional techniques have aided the diagnosis and treatment of sport injuries. In this article, we review the literature and our own institutional experience to describe common injury patterns identified in Gaelic games athletes, their main imaging features and relevant therapeutic interventions. We discuss the increasing prevalence of imaging services at sporting events and the central role of MSK radiologists in sports injury management.
Topics: Athletic Injuries; Football; Humans; Ireland; Musculoskeletal System; Protective Devices; Risk Factors; Soccer
PubMed: 32987421
DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1708872 -
Emergency Medicine Clinics of North... May 2021Geriatric trauma patients will continue to increase in prevalence as the population ages, and many specific considerations need to be made to provide appropriate care to... (Review)
Review
Geriatric trauma patients will continue to increase in prevalence as the population ages, and many specific considerations need to be made to provide appropriate care to these patients. This article outlines common presentations of trauma in geriatric patients, with consideration to baseline physiologic function and patterns of injury that may be more prevalent in geriatric populations. Additionally, the article explores specific evidence-based management practices, the significance of trauma team and geriatrician involvement, and disposition decisions.
Topics: Accidental Falls; Aged; Aging; Cardiovascular Diseases; Comorbidity; Frailty; Geriatricians; Health Services Accessibility; Humans; Lung Diseases; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Neurocognitive Disorders; Pain Management; Patient Discharge; Trauma Centers; Vital Signs; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 33863458
DOI: 10.1016/j.emc.2021.01.002