-
British Journal of Hospital Medicine... Oct 2023Peroneal tendon dislocation or subluxation is an orthopaedic condition that usually occurs as a result of injury to the superior peroneal retinaculum. The peroneal... (Review)
Review
Peroneal tendon dislocation or subluxation is an orthopaedic condition that usually occurs as a result of injury to the superior peroneal retinaculum. The peroneal muscles are located in the lateral compartment of the leg, and their tendons run in the retromalleolar groove anchored by the superior peroneal retinaculum. Peroneal instability is usually classified using the Eckert and Davies classification, which was modified by Oden into a four-point grading system. The mechanism of injury is typically sudden forced dorsiflexion, resulting in aggressive tautness of the peroneal tendons, combined with a forced eversion of the hindfoot. Plain X-ray, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging are useful for imaging of the injury and in planning for surgery. Operative management has high success rates and there are multiple surgical techniques available, including superior peroneal retinaculum repair, tenoplasty, bone block procedures, groove deepening and endoscopic approaches, with little variation in outcome found between the approaches.
Topics: Humans; Tendon Injuries; Ankle; Ankle Injuries; Tendons; Joint Dislocations
PubMed: 37906073
DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2022.0257 -
Radiologic Clinics of North America Sep 2019Repetitive microtrauma in the elbow from chronic overuse occurs in athletes and nonathletes. Although the diagnosis is often made clinically, imaging is helpful to... (Review)
Review
Repetitive microtrauma in the elbow from chronic overuse occurs in athletes and nonathletes. Although the diagnosis is often made clinically, imaging is helpful to confirm the diagnosis, grade the injury, and guide treatment. MR imaging is particularly helpful in evaluating overuse injuries in the elbow, as tendons, ligaments, and bones/cartilage can be assessed. Tendinopathy can be distinguished from partial- or full-thickness tears, and reactive changes in the bone marrow can be easily identified. This article focuses on the MR imaging appearance of overuse injuries of the elbow involving tendons, ligaments, and bones.
Topics: Cumulative Trauma Disorders; Diagnostic Imaging; Elbow Joint; Humans; Ligaments, Articular; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Radiography; Tendon Injuries; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Elbow Injuries
PubMed: 31351542
DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2019.03.005 -
The Physician and Sportsmedicine May 2020: Although a million people regularly play beach tennis (BT) through the world there is no published information on BT injuries. The aim of this study was to describe...
: Although a million people regularly play beach tennis (BT) through the world there is no published information on BT injuries. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of BT injuries, and to identify differences between injured and non-injured players.: This was a retrospective cross-sectional epidemiology study of 206 BT players from Réunion Island describing the injuries occurring in BT. A questionnaire was developed to capture the type and chronicity of the injuries they had suffered over the prior three years. Comparisons were made between elite, regional and recreational players.: There were 178 injuries in 92 players (44.7%), which was an incidence of 1.81 injuries per 1000 hours of play. There were 77 acute injuries (23.8% of players, incidence of 0.78 injuries/1000 hrs.) and 101 chronic injuries (30.6% of players, incidence of 1.03 injuries/1000 hrs.). The shoulder was the most frequently injured area. The main upper limb injuries were chronic tendinopathy while most acute injuries occurred in the lower limbs. The incidence of lateral epicondylitis at the elbow was 0.36 per 1000 hours of play, or a prevalence of 4.2%. The incidence of injuries in elite players was less than that in non-ranked players (1.71 vs 2.04 injuries/1000 hours play). Recreational players more often had chronic injuries (p < 0.001).: Information about musculoskeletal injuries is invaluable for healthcare professionals involved in the care of athletes. Such knowledge can be used to guide the medical surveillance of athletes and to help develop injury prevention strategies.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Athletic Injuries; Bathing Beaches; Chronic Disease; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Incidence; Lower Extremity; Male; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Reunion; Shoulder Injuries; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tennis; Tennis Elbow; Young Adult; Elbow Injuries
PubMed: 31356120
DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2019.1650307 -
Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Jan 2022A variety of modifiable risk factors has been suggested to predict musculoskeletal injury in sports. Screening paradigms and exercise-based prevention programs, so far,... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
A variety of modifiable risk factors has been suggested to predict musculoskeletal injury in sports. Screening paradigms and exercise-based prevention programs, so far, frequently focused on physical parameters such as strength, balance or flexibility. However, less is known with regard to the impact of brain function. We investigated the relation between cognition and the occurrence of injury in athletes.
DESIGN
Systematic review.
METHODS
Database searches using Pubmed, Web of Science and Google Scholar returned nine cohort and case-control studies, which almost exclusively examined college athletes engaging in open skill sports. Methodological quality, rated by means of a modified Downs and Black checklist, was moderate (12/17 points).
RESULTS
Seven out of the nine included studies suggested that lower-order cognitive function (i.e. visuomotor reaction time) is systematically associated with the occurrence of injury. No paper examined the impact of executive function.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite initial evidence pointing towards a potentially injury-predictive role of lower-order cognitive function, several issues including the use of more variable populations and outcomes remain to be addressed before definitive recommendations for clinicians can be made.
Topics: Athletes; Athletic Injuries; Brain Concussion; Humans; Musculoskeletal System; Sports
PubMed: 34303619
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2021.07.002 -
Emergency Medicine Clinics of North... Feb 2020Knee and leg injuries are extremely common presentations to the emergency department. Understanding the anatomy of the knee, particularly the vasculature and ligamentous... (Review)
Review
Knee and leg injuries are extremely common presentations to the emergency department. Understanding the anatomy of the knee, particularly the vasculature and ligamentous structures, can help emergency physicians (EPs) diagnose and manage these injuries. Use of musculoskeletal ultrasonography can further aid EPs through the diagnostic process. Proper use of knee immobilizers can also improve long-term patient outcomes.
Topics: Disease Management; Emergencies; Humans; Knee Injuries; Knee Joint; Leg Injuries; Orthopedic Procedures
PubMed: 31757247
DOI: 10.1016/j.emc.2019.09.012 -
Pediatric Clinics of North America Feb 2020A limp is a common presentation to pediatricians, emergency centers, and orthopedists. A directed history and physical examination, and the development of a differential... (Review)
Review
A limp is a common presentation to pediatricians, emergency centers, and orthopedists. A directed history and physical examination, and the development of a differential diagnosis based on limp type, patient's age, and the anatomic site that is most likely affected, provides a selective approach to diagnostic testing. Laboratory tests are indicated when infection, inflammatory arthritis, or a malignancy is considered. Imaging usually begins with plain radiography. Ultrasonography is valuable in assessing irritable hips. Advanced imaging is done in select cases. Prompt referral to an orthopedist is essential, especially if septic joint, vascular or compartment issues, or open fractures are suspected.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Decision Trees; Gait; Gait Analysis; Humans; Infant; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Musculoskeletal System; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 31779828
DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2019.09.009 -
The Veterinary Clinics of North... Jul 2023Agility is a physically demanding sport, and injuries are common. An understanding of the common clinical presentations, frequent injuries, and risk factors for injury... (Review)
Review
Agility is a physically demanding sport, and injuries are common. An understanding of the common clinical presentations, frequent injuries, and risk factors for injury is critical when seeing this population of patients in practice. Shoulder injuries and other soft tissue injuries including iliopsoas muscle strains are commonly seen. The Border Collie seems to be at higher risk of developing agility-related injuries. The key to rehabilitation of the agility dog is accurate and expedient diagnosis of the injury, which often involves advanced diagnostics such as musculoskeletal ultrasound, arthroscopy, and/or MRI.
Topics: Dogs; Animals; Athletic Injuries; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Sports; Risk Factors; Dog Diseases
PubMed: 36964029
DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.02.012 -
Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and... Jan 2023Imaging plays a critical role in evaluating pathology affecting athletes from various fields. Tendon pathology manifests in terms of mechanical, degenerative,... (Review)
Review
Imaging plays a critical role in evaluating pathology affecting athletes from various fields. Tendon pathology manifests in terms of mechanical, degenerative, enthesitis, neoplastic, and overuse diseases. Tendon pathologies in athletes usually involve injuries to commonly injured tendons such as the tendons involving the ankle, elbow, rotator cuff, hip abductors, patellar tendon, and Achilles tendon. For the purposes of this article, the focus will be on the tendons involving the ankle such as the tibialis posterior and peroneal tendons. The 2 most common imaging modalities used for the evaluation of tendons are ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). There are several emerging imaging techniques such as T2 mapping, ultra-short echo time MRI, and sonoelastography. These novel imaging techniques are all in research phase and have not been adapted to routine clinical practice.
Topics: Humans; Achilles Tendon; Tendinopathy; Athletes; Ankle Joint; Ultrasonography; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Musculoskeletal Diseases
PubMed: 36368845
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpm.2022.07.015 -
Muscle & Nerve Dec 2020The sonographic appearance of soft tissue can be altered by trauma and positional change with torsional stress. This creates challenges for ultrasonographic... (Review)
Review
The sonographic appearance of soft tissue can be altered by trauma and positional change with torsional stress. This creates challenges for ultrasonographic interpretation, because most descriptive literature and standard instructional references are displayed in anatomically neutral or other conventional positions. Knowledge of anatomic alteration and changes in sonographic appearance with torsional stress is essential for accurately assessing soft tissue abnormalities in conditions of spasticity, traumatic and post-surgical changes, and other conditions that distort musculoskeletal relationships. A systematic scanning approach to these alterations is needed for accurate diagnostic interpretation, optimizing electrode placement for electrodiagnostic techniques, effective needle placement for therapeutic ultrasound-guided procedures, and even planning for restorative surgery. This review describes expected positional changes of normal structures with torsional alteration, as well as sonographic recognition of scars, burns, hematomas, fat layer fracture, Morel-Lavallee lesions, abscesses, foreign bodies, myotendinous lesions, muscle injury and denervation, and traumatic peripheral nerve injury.
Topics: Biomechanical Phenomena; Electromyography; Foreign Bodies; Hematoma; Humans; Muscle Spasticity; Muscles; Musculoskeletal System; Peripheral Nerve Injuries; Peripheral Nerves; Soft Tissue Injuries; Tendon Injuries; Torsion Abnormality; Ultrasonography; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 32696511
DOI: 10.1002/mus.27025 -
Current Molecular Pharmacology 2022Sports deserve a special place in human life to impart healthy and refreshing wellbeing. However, sports activities, especially contact sports, renders athlete... (Review)
Review
Sports deserve a special place in human life to impart healthy and refreshing wellbeing. However, sports activities, especially contact sports, renders athlete vulnerable to brain injuries. Athletes participating in a contact sport like boxing, rugby, American football, wrestling, and basketball are exposed to traumatic brain injuries (TBI) or concussions. The acute and chronic nature of these heterogeneous injuries provides a spectrum of dysfunctions that alters the neuronal, musculoskeletal, and behavioral responses of an athlete. Many sports-related brain injuries go unreported, but these head impacts trigger neurometabolic disruptions that contribute to long-term neuronal impairment. The pathophysiology of post-concussion and its underlying mechanisms are undergoing intense research. It also shed light on chronic disorders like Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and dementia. In this review, we examined post-concussion neurobehavioral changes, tools for early detection of signs, and their impact on the athlete. Further, we discussed the role of nutritional supplements in ameliorating neuropsychiatric diseases in athletes.
Topics: Athletes; Athletic Injuries; Brain Concussion; Football; Humans
PubMed: 34515018
DOI: 10.2174/1874467214666210910114324