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Clinics in Sports Medicine Oct 2021Utilization of musculoskeletal ultrasound, in particular for sports medicine, has dramatically increased in recent years. Ultrasound is an important adjunct tool to... (Review)
Review
Utilization of musculoskeletal ultrasound, in particular for sports medicine, has dramatically increased in recent years. Ultrasound is an important adjunct tool to physical examination and other imaging methods in the evaluation and management of the injured athlete. It offers unique advantages in specific clinical scenarios. Dedicated training and a standardized scanning technique are important to overcome the inherent operator dependence and avoid diagnostic pitfalls. Ultrasound guidance can also improve accuracy in targeted percutaneous injection therapies. This article reviews the general ultrasound appearance of muscle, tendon, ligament, and nerve abnormalities in the athlete with a focus on sport-specific injuries.
Topics: Athletic Injuries; Humans; Musculoskeletal System; Sports Medicine; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 34509212
DOI: 10.1016/j.csm.2021.05.013 -
Disability and Health Journal Apr 2021Musculoskeletal traumas are on the rise in the United States; however, limited studies are available to help trauma providers assess and treat concerns beyond the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Musculoskeletal traumas are on the rise in the United States; however, limited studies are available to help trauma providers assess and treat concerns beyond the physical impact. Little is understood about the psychological, social, and spiritual factors that protect patients from adverse effects after a physical trauma or their experiences with each factor afterward.
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review was conducted to investigate and review advancements in research related to risk and resiliency factors experienced by survivors of traumatic musculoskeletal injuries. The use of biopsychosocial-spiritual (BPS-S) framework and resiliency theory guided the analysis.
METHODS
Researchers reviewed 1003 articles, but only seven met the search criteria. Due to the complexity and uniqueness of traumatic brain injuries, studies on that target population were excluded.
RESULTS
Of the seven articles reviewed, three identified psychological protective factors that protect against negative health outcomes; three identified negative psychological, social, or spiritual outcomes; and none investigated social or spiritual health.
CONCLUSIONS
There are significant gaps in the literature surrounding risk and resiliency factors related to the BPS-S health of musculoskeletal injury survivors.
Topics: Brain Injuries, Traumatic; Disabled Persons; Health Services Needs and Demand; Humans; Survivors; United States
PubMed: 32888877
DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2020.100987 -
Emergency Medicine Clinics of North... Feb 2020With the high cost and limited availability of gold standard imaging modalities, ultrasound has become an alternative in many musculoskeletal (MSK) injuries. Ultrasound... (Review)
Review
With the high cost and limited availability of gold standard imaging modalities, ultrasound has become an alternative in many musculoskeletal (MSK) injuries. Ultrasound has become increasingly portable and readily available in many acute care settings. Its ability to diagnose MSK injuries and help guide management has the potential to improve patient safety and flow. Ultrasound has been shown to diagnose fractures, dislocations, and tendon and ligament injuries. It helps guide fracture and dislocation reductions and aids in regional anesthesia for pain management. This article reviews the common MSK injuries that can be diagnosed with ultrasound with a focus on point-of-care ultrasound.
Topics: Humans; Musculoskeletal System; Point-of-Care Systems; Ultrasonography; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 31757253
DOI: 10.1016/j.emc.2019.09.009 -
Radiographics : a Review Publication of... Oct 2020Firearm-related injuries, or gunshot wounds (GSWs), are among the most important worldwide public health problems, resulting in considerable annual morbidity,... (Review)
Review
Firearm-related injuries, or gunshot wounds (GSWs), are among the most important worldwide public health problems, resulting in considerable annual morbidity, disability, and mortality. GSWs to the abdomen and pelvis are associated with substantial injuries to multiple organs and tissues. Imaging plays an important role in identifying these injuries, dictating nonoperative management, and determining imaging and clinical follow-up, as well as helping manage potential long-term complications. CT is the primary imaging modality used to evaluate these injuries and their complications, including use of reconstructed multiplanar volume-rendered images. The authors discuss the ballistics and mechanisms of firearm injury, CT findings, trajectory analysis, and applications of different imaging modalities above and beyond CT in evaluation of GSWs. Imaging findings and classifications of the severity of injuries to solid and hollow organs and vascular, musculoskeletal, and neurologic systems are reviewed. Key complications associated with gunshot injuries to the abdomen and pelvis are presented. The challenges of imaging in the acute trauma setting and potential pitfall mimics at imaging, particularly at CT, are also described. A step-by-step guide for thorough and comprehensive evaluation of GSWs to the abdomen and pelvis is introduced, with tips for optimizing effective communication with the clinical team. RSNA, 2020.
Topics: Abdominal Injuries; Humans; Pelvis; Wounds, Gunshot
PubMed: 33001782
DOI: 10.1148/rg.2020200018 -
Irish Medical Journal Feb 2022Aim Ladies Gaelic football and Camogie are leading female sports in Ireland. Referees are essential to the game, however, no research has examined injury in referees...
Aim Ladies Gaelic football and Camogie are leading female sports in Ireland. Referees are essential to the game, however, no research has examined injury in referees that officiate over female Gaelic games to date. Therefore, this study aims to retrospectively examine the musculoskeletal injury profile and injury prevention practices of referees that officiate over female Gaelic games. Methods A retrospective anonymous questionnaire examined injuries that occurred in the previous 12 months in currently active Ladies Gaelic football and Camogie referees (n=170). Incidence and repeat incidence proportions were calculated along with descriptive statistics. Results In 2019, 42.9% (n=73) of referees sampled sustained an injury with 27.4% (n=20) sustaining two or more. Injuries primarily occurred to the lower extremity (79.6%,n=78), particularly the lower leg (20.4%,n=20) and knee (18.4%,18). Muscle strains and cramps (55.1%,n=54) were most frequent and injuries predominantly occurred during games (71.4%,n=70). Referees largely completed a warm-up but just 30.6% (n=52) conducted a cool-down. Over half had undertaken injury prevention education but only 37.6% (n=64) incorporated injury prevention elements into their training. Conclusion Just over two in five referees that officiate female Gaelic games became injured in the previous year, however their utilisation of injury prevention strategies, beyond completing a warm-up, is lacking. Thus, a referee specific injury prevention programme should be developed and if found to be effective, incorporated into a comprehensive injury prevention strategy by the governing bodies.
Topics: Female; Humans; Athletic Injuries; Incidence; Retrospective Studies; Team Sports; Musculoskeletal System
PubMed: 35416471
DOI: No ID Found -
American Family Physician May 2023Acute shoulder pain lasting less than six months is a common presentation to the primary care office. Shoulder injuries can involve any of the four shoulder joints,...
Acute shoulder pain lasting less than six months is a common presentation to the primary care office. Shoulder injuries can involve any of the four shoulder joints, rotator cuff, neurovascular structures, clavicle or humerus fractures, and contiguous anatomy. Most acute shoulder injuries are the result of a fall or direct trauma in contact and collision sports. The most common shoulder pathologies seen in primary care are acromioclavicular and glenohumeral joint disease and rotator cuff injury. It is important to conduct a comprehensive history and physical examination to identify the mechanism of injury, localize the injury, and determine if surgical intervention is needed. Most patients with acute shoulder injuries can be treated conservatively using a sling for comfort and participating in a targeted musculoskeletal rehabilitation program. Surgery may be considered for treating middle third clavicle fractures and type III acromioclavicular sprains in active individuals, first-time glenohumeral dislocation in young athletes, and those with full-thickness rotator cuff tears. Surgery is indicated for types IV, V, and VI acromioclavicular joint injuries or displaced or unstable proximal humerus fractures. Urgent surgical referral is indicated for posterior sternoclavicular dislocations.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Shoulder Injuries; Shoulder Dislocation; Rotator Cuff Injuries; Shoulder Joint; Humeral Fractures; Shoulder
PubMed: 37192075
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery.... Oct 2022Sports participation can improve gait, muscle strength, and functional abilities in patients with a wide variety of disabilities. Para athletes are also at substantial...
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Sports participation can improve gait, muscle strength, and functional abilities in patients with a wide variety of disabilities. Para athletes are also at substantial risk for injury during sports participation.
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Ambulant athletes with cerebral palsy are at risk for soft-tissue injuries about the knee as well as foot and ankle injuries. Wheelchair athletes are at risk for osteoporotic fractures and shoulder girdle injuries. Limb-deficient athletes are prone to low back pain and overuse injuries of the contralateral extremity.
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Para athletes are vulnerable to abuse during sports participation, and physicians should promptly report any possible abuse or mistreatment.
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Orthopaedic surgeons should understand disability and sport-specific risk factors for injury in para athletes in order to initiate early management and injury prevention protocols.
Topics: Athletes; Athletic Injuries; Disabled Persons; Humans; Shoulder Injuries; Sports
PubMed: 35975928
DOI: 10.2106/JBJS.21.01504 -
Journal of the American Academy of... Apr 2021Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injuries are a common source of pain and disability in the overhead athlete and often result in notable loss of time from competition.... (Review)
Review
Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injuries are a common source of pain and disability in the overhead athlete and often result in notable loss of time from competition. Over the past 10 to 15 years, the prevalence of UCL injury and reconstruction has undergone a dramatic increase, making it imperative to determine which patients may benefit from a nonsurgical regimen. Nonsurgical treatment involves a multidisciplinary approach of rehabilitation with tailored physical therapy programs and, in certain cases, biologic adjuncts. Physical therapy protocols should focus on strengthening the periscapular muscles, rotator cuff, core musculature, and flexor pronator mass to help stabilize the injured elbow and prevent injury recurrence before the initiation of a progressive throwing program. The implementation of injury prevention programs has shifted the focus from just the elbow and have included the shoulder, legs, and core in an effort to help decrease the stress on the upper extremity. In addition, biologic therapies such as platelet-rich therapy are promising modalities to augment the conservative treatment of UCL injuries but remain under investigation. The purpose of this study is to review available strategies and outcomes for conservatively treating UCL injuries.
Topics: Athletes; Athletic Injuries; Collateral Ligament, Ulnar; Elbow; Humans; Elbow Injuries
PubMed: 33835949
DOI: 10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-20-00257 -
Current Sports Medicine Reports Nov 2019Participation in skiing, and especially snowboarding, continues to rise. As participation and level of competition in these winter sports increases, the number of... (Review)
Review
Participation in skiing, and especially snowboarding, continues to rise. As participation and level of competition in these winter sports increases, the number of injuries increases as well. Upper-extremity injuries are more common in snowboarding, whereas lower-extremity injuries are more common in skiing. Head injuries, particularly concussions, are common in both sports. Special consideration in these sports should be given to environmental conditions, such as high altitude and ultraviolet radiation. The purpose of this review is to discuss the most common musculoskeletal injuries seen in skiing and snowboarding, as well as considerations for initial assessment of these injuries and triage to the appropriate level of care. It is important for sports medicine physicians covering these sports to understand initial assessment and treatment of these injuries. Due to the potential for severe injuries in these sports, it is important to be able to quickly recognize an injury that needs to be assessed and treated urgently or emergently. With the increased participation and number of injuries in these sports, it also is important to consider prevention strategies that may minimize risk of injury.
Topics: Altitude; Athletic Injuries; Craniocerebral Trauma; Humans; Skiing; Sports Medicine; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 31702721
DOI: 10.1249/JSR.0000000000000651 -
Clinics in Sports Medicine Oct 2022The participation of females in sports has increased significantly since the passage of Title IX. Sports participation may place young athletes at risk for knee... (Review)
Review
The participation of females in sports has increased significantly since the passage of Title IX. Sports participation may place young athletes at risk for knee injuries, including patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS), osteochondritis dissecans (OCD), and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture. Differences in anatomy, hormone production, and neuromuscular patterns between female and male athletes can contribute to disparities in knee injury rates with female athletes more vulnerable to PFPS and ACL injury. Biological differences between sexes alone cannot fully explain worldwide differences in musculoskeletal health outcomes. Social, cultural and societal attitudes toward gender and the participation of girls and women in sports may result in a lack of accessible training for both injury prevention and performance optimization; one must recognize the effects of gender disparities on injury risk. More nuanced approaches to assess the complex interplay among biological, physiologic, and social influences are needed to inform best practices for intervention and sports injury prevention.
Topics: Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; Athletes; Athletic Injuries; Child; Female; Hormones; Humans; Knee Injuries; Male; Sex Factors
PubMed: 36210170
DOI: 10.1016/j.csm.2022.06.002