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BJPsych Bulletin Aug 2023Catatonia has been increasingly described in cases of COVID-19; we therefore aimed to investigate the evidence for catatonia in patients with COVID-19. We searched... (Review)
Review
AIMS AND METHOD
Catatonia has been increasingly described in cases of COVID-19; we therefore aimed to investigate the evidence for catatonia in patients with COVID-19. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, BIN and CINAHL databases for articles published in English, from the initial descriptions of the COVID-19 pandemic to January 2022.
RESULTS
A total 204 studies were identified, 27 (13%) of which met the inclusion criteria. The evidence available was based on case reports. The articles included in this review identified a total of 42 patients, ranging from the ages of 12 to ≥70 years, with confirmed or possible catatonia during or after a COVID-19 infection.
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
This review provides valuable information to clinicians in medical practice for treating patients with COVID-19, and a foundation for further research for this uncommon syndrome of COVID-19.
PubMed: 35670192
DOI: 10.1192/bjb.2022.30 -
Medicina Mar 2023Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a qualitative alteration in social interaction and communication, associated with restricted interests and... (Review)
Review
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a qualitative alteration in social interaction and communication, associated with restricted interests and stereotyped behaviors. It can be associated with medical problems such as epilepsy, gastrointestinal dysfunction, sleep disorders, other neurodevelopmental disorders such as language impairment, intellectual disability, sensory dysfunction, ADH/D, motor clumsiness, and/or neuropsychiatric disorders such as anxiety, depression, catatonia, schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorders, behavioral and impulsive disorders, among others. Catatonia is recognized as a neuropsychiatric syndrome identified in all major mood and psychotic disorders, due to general medical conditions or as a syndrome not otherwise specified; this allows catatonia to be coded in the context of other psychiatric or neurodevelopmental disorders, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder or autism. It is characterized by abnormal motor, vocal, and behavioral symptoms, with impaired volition and vegetative function. It is estimated that approximately 8-11% of autistic people suffer from catatonia. It is probable that there is an underreporting of catatonia, especially in people with autism, due to the lack of alertness about it, the clinical heterogeneity and the similarity of many of its symptoms with manifestations of autism. Many times it can even express itself as a late autistic regression from puberty to adult life. Its neurobiological bases are still not clear and the treatment is based on the administration of bensodiazepines and electroconvulsive therapy although there is still a long way to go to investigate these issues.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Autistic Disorder; Catatonia; Psychotic Disorders; Stereotyped Behavior; Electroconvulsive Therapy
PubMed: 36820482
DOI: No ID Found -
Practical Neurology Feb 2024A 30-year-old woman had 5 days of visual hallucinations, nystagmus, memory impairment and mutism. On examination, she was disorientated with reduced attention span,...
A 30-year-old woman had 5 days of visual hallucinations, nystagmus, memory impairment and mutism. On examination, she was disorientated with reduced attention span, gaze-evoked nystagmus, paratonia and abnormal frontal reflexes. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed 80 cells, protein 0.41 g/L and glucose 3.2 mmol/L (plasma glucose 5.0 mmol/L). MR scan of the brain showed involvement of limbic and extra-limbic regions and brainstem. Commercial cell-based assays were negative, but tissue-based assays showed neuropil staining, and cell-based assays for anti-metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) antibodies were positive in serum and CSF. Six months later, she was diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma. This case emphasises the broader clinical spectrum of anti-mGluR5 encephalitis, challenging its initial characterisation as Ophelia syndrome. It underscores the significance of interpreting commercial cell-based assays and advocates for tissue-based assay testing followed by cell-based assay testing in serum and CSF for diagnosing rare autoimmune encephalitis.
PubMed: 38423754
DOI: 10.1136/pn-2024-004089 -
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2022Catatonia is an underdiagnosed and undertreated neuropsychiatric syndrome characterized by catalepsy, negativism, mutism, muscular rigidity, and mannerism, often...
BACKGROUND
Catatonia is an underdiagnosed and undertreated neuropsychiatric syndrome characterized by catalepsy, negativism, mutism, muscular rigidity, and mannerism, often accompanied by autonomic instability and fever. Although there is growing interest in studying cognitive impairments before and after catatonia, little is known about the cognitive features of the syndrome.
METHODS
This systematic review was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42022299091). Using a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach, we searched PubMed, ScienceDirect, and PsycArticles using a combination of the terms "Catatonia" and "Cognitive impairment" and "Executive function" and "Frontal lobe" and "Parietal lobe." Studies included original research articles enrolling patients with catatonic syndrome according to specified criteria. Fourteen studies were deemed relevant for inclusion. The abstraction form included age, assessment during acute episode, associated diagnosis, assessment procedure, and cognitive domains. Outcome measures were extracted.
RESULTS
Executive functions and visuospatial abilities proved to be the most investigated domains. A great heterogeneity has been observed in the assessment tools used among the 14 evaluated studies. Findings showed that catatonic patients had worse performance than healthy and non-catatonic psychiatric patients in frontal and parietal cortical functions.
CONCLUSION
Because of the small number of studies in such heterogeneous areas and significant methodological limitations, the results should be regarded with caution. Future research assessing cognitive impairments on catatonic patients is needed.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
[https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=299091], identifier [CRD42022299091].
PubMed: 35845445
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.877566 -
Child's Nervous System : ChNS :... Jun 2020Post-operative paediatric cerebellar mutism syndrome is a well-recognized complication following posterior fossa tumour resection in children. Over the past few decades,... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Post-operative paediatric cerebellar mutism syndrome is a well-recognized complication following posterior fossa tumour resection in children. Over the past few decades, imaging has played an important role in understanding this disorder.
AIM
This review article aims to focus on the disorder from a radiological perspective, summarizing the salient radiological evidence related to the anatomical structures, pathophysiology, and risk factors related to this disorder.
CONCLUSION
Radiological studies have been integral to the improved understanding of this condition. Future large multicentre studies and quantitative analysis techniques will be vital in further refinement of our understanding of this complex condition.
Topics: Cerebellar Diseases; Cerebellar Neoplasms; Child; Humans; Infratentorial Neoplasms; Mutism; Postoperative Complications; Radiography; Radiology
PubMed: 31183530
DOI: 10.1007/s00381-019-04224-x -
BMC Psychiatry Oct 2023Selective mutism (SM) is a childhood onset anxiety disorder, and the main symptom is not speaking in certain social situations. Knowledge about the duration and...
BACKGROUND
Selective mutism (SM) is a childhood onset anxiety disorder, and the main symptom is not speaking in certain social situations. Knowledge about the duration and long-term outcomes of SM have been lacking and the aim of this systematic literature review was to address this gap in the literature. We investigated how long SM symptoms persisted as well as other psychiatric outcomes associated with SM in later life.
METHODS
The PubMed, PsycInfo, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Embase databases were initially searched from inception to 11 September 2023. Studies were included if they were published in English and had followed up subjects with clinically diagnosed SM for at least two years. The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines and the protocol was registered with the Open Science Framework. The papers were assessed using the Quality Assessment with Diverse Studies tool.
RESULTS
This review screened 2,432 papers and assessed 18 studies. Seven case series studies were excluded from discussion because of the low number of subjects and the fact that their findings could not be generalized to wider populations. In the end, nine clinical cohorts and two case control studies were reviewed. These provided a total of 292 subjects and the sample sizes ranged from 11-49. The overall quality of the studies was moderate. The review found that 190 of the 243 subjects in the studies that reported recovery rates showed moderate or total improvement from SM during follow up. Other anxiety disorders were the most common psychiatric disorders later in life, although these results should be interpreted with caution. Older age at baseline and parental psychopathology might predict greater impairment, but further studies are needed to confirm these results.
CONCLUSIONS
Most subjects with SM recovered from this disorder during adolescence, but anxiety disorders were common in later life. Early detection and treatment are needed to prevent symptoms from persisting and other psychiatric disorders from developing.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Humans; Anxiety Disorders; Case-Control Studies; Mutism; Psychopathology; Systematic Reviews as Topic
PubMed: 37875905
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05279-6 -
Neurology Oct 2019
Topics: Cerebellar Diseases; Cerebellar Neoplasms; Child; Cognition; Humans; Medulloblastoma; Mutism; Neuroanatomy
PubMed: 31527286
DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000008311 -
Journal of Rural Medicine : JRM Oct 2020Pendred syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the combination of sensorineural deafness and goiter and is caused by biallelic mutations in the...
Pendred syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the combination of sensorineural deafness and goiter and is caused by biallelic mutations in the gene. Thyroid function is generally reported as euthyroid or hypothyroid in this condition. We present a case of Pendred syndrome with hyperthyroidism. An 83-year-old woman with congenital deaf-mutism presented with complaints of nausea. She developed a large goiter and had hearing impairment. Her hearing level was 105 dB in both ears. She presented with hyperthyroidism and was treated with thiamazole. She had a homozygous mutation in c.1579A>C:p.T527P of the gene, confirming a diagnosis of Pendred syndrome. Pendred syndrome may develop into hyperthyroidism if the size of the goiter increases. Moreover, a homozygous mutation in c.1579A>C:p.T527P of the gene, which was previously reported to be associated with nonsyndromic hearing loss with enlarged vestibular aqueduct, may also cause Pendred syndrome.
PubMed: 33033545
DOI: 10.2185/jrm.2020-011 -
Schizophrenia Research Jan 2024Catatonia occurs secondary to both primary psychiatric and neuromedical etiologies. Emerging evidence suggests possible linkages between causes of catatonia and...
Catatonia occurs secondary to both primary psychiatric and neuromedical etiologies. Emerging evidence suggests possible linkages between causes of catatonia and neuroinflammation. These include obvious infectious and inflammatory etiologies, common neuromedical illnesses such as delirium, and psychiatric entities such as depression and autism-spectrum disorders. Symptoms of sickness behavior, thought to be a downstream effect of the cytokine response, are common in many of these etiologies and overlap significantly with symptoms of catatonia. Furthermore, there are syndromes that overlap with catatonia that some would consider variants, including neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) and akinetic mutism, which may also have neuroinflammatory underpinnings. Low serum iron, a common finding in NMS and malignant catatonia, may be caused by the acute phase response. Cellular hits involving either pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) danger signals or the damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMP) danger signals of severe psychosocial stress may set the stage for a common pathway immunoactivation state that could lower the threshold for a catatonic state in susceptible individuals. Immunoactivation leading to dysfunction in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)/mid-cingulate cortex (MCC)/medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)/paralimbic cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) circuit, involved in motivation and movement, may be particularly important in generating the motor and behavioral symptoms of catatonia.
Topics: Humans; Catatonia; Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
PubMed: 36966063
DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.03.013 -
Psychiatria Danubina Oct 2020The eleventh revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) is planned to be published in 2018. So called, "beta version" of the chapter of mental and... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
The eleventh revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) is planned to be published in 2018. So called, "beta version" of the chapter of mental and behavioral disorders (ICD-11) is already available and it is considered that there will be no significant deviations in the final version. The DSM-5 was released in 2013. Changes related to mental disorders in child and adolescent psychiatry have been made in both of these classifications. To identify changes in the classifications of mental disorders in childhood and adolescent age in beta version of ICD-11 and DSM-5.
METHODS
Review of mental disorders in childhood and adolescent age and their classification in ICD-11 and DSM-5.
RESULTS
For disorders that are classified as "mental retardation" in ICD-10, a new term "intellectual development disorders" has been introduced in ICD-11, ie "intellectual disabilities" in DSM-5. Hyperactivity disorders and attention deficit is a separate entity in relation to ICD-10, in which it is classified as a hyperkinetic disorder. Asperger's syndrome, which is isolated from autism spectrum disorders in DSM-5, does not appear under that name in ICD-11 either. Elimination disorders are in a separate block MKB-11 and DSM-5. Speech and language disorders are classified as communication disorders in the DSM-5 classification. Selective mutism and anxiety separation disorder in childhood are in the block of anxiety and fear-related disorders in ICD-11, and among anxiety disorders in DSM-5, respectively. Reactive emotional disorder and disinhibited attachment disorder of childhood are classified as stress-related disorders in ICD-11 and DSM-5.
CONCLUSIONS
The new classifications (ICD-11 and DSM-5) classify mental disorders in child and adolescent psychiatry somewhat differently from their antecedents. New entities have also been formed.
Topics: Adolescent; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Child; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Humans; International Classification of Diseases; Mental Disorders; Speech Disorders
PubMed: 33030445
DOI: No ID Found