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Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2021The Dictyostelium discoideum-Mycobacterium marinum host-pathogen system is a well-established and powerful alternative model system to study mycobacterial infections. In...
The Dictyostelium discoideum-Mycobacterium marinum host-pathogen system is a well-established and powerful alternative model system to study mycobacterial infections. In this chapter, we will describe three microscopy methods that allow the precise identification and quantification of very diverse phenotypes arising during infection of D. discoideum with M. marinum. First, at the lowest end of the scale, we use the InfectChip, a microfluidic device that enables the long-term monitoring of the integrated history of the infection course at the single-cell level. We use single-cell analysis to precisely map and quantitate the various fates of the host and the pathogen during infection. Second, a high-content microscopy setup was established to study the infection dynamics with high-throughput imaging of a large number of cells at the different critical stages of infection. The large datasets are then fed into a deep image analysis pipeline allowing the development of complex phenotypic analyses. Finally, as part of its life cycle, single D. discoideum amoebae aggregate by chemotaxis to form multicellular structures, which represent ordered assemblies of hundreds of thousands of cells. This transition represents a challenge for the monitoring of infection at multiple scales, from single cells to a true multicellular organism. In order to visualize and quantitate the fates of host cells and bacteria during the developmental cycle in a controlled manner, we can adjust the proportion of infected cells using live FAC-sorting. Then, cells are plated in defined humidity conditions on optical glass plates in order to image large fields, using tile scans, with the help of a spinning disc confocal microscope.
Topics: Dictyostelium; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Lab-On-A-Chip Devices; Microscopy, Electron; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Mycobacterium marinum; Single-Cell Analysis
PubMed: 34235653
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1460-0_7 -
Experimental and Clinical... Oct 2021Data are limited regarding the clinical significance of nontuberculous mycobacteria pulmonary infections among lung transplant recipients. We investigated the incidence...
OBJECTIVES
Data are limited regarding the clinical significance of nontuberculous mycobacteria pulmonary infections among lung transplant recipients. We investigated the incidence and characteristics of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria infection in ourlung transplant patient population.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We obtaineddata of the patients who underwent lung transplant in our center from January 1997 to March 2019.
RESULTS
Of 690 patients, nontuberculous mycobacteria were identified in 58 patients (8.4%) over a median follow-up of 3 years. Types of species were as follows: Mycobacterium simiae (n = 24), avium complex (n = 12), abscessus (n = 9), fortuitum (n = 6), chelonae (n = 2), szulgai (n = 1), kansasii (n = 1), lentiflavum (n = 1), and undefined mycobacteria (n = 2). When we compared infections in the early versus late period posttransplant (before and after 6 months), infections with Mycobacterium simiae (16 vs 8 incidents) and Mycobacterium fortuitum (5 vs 1 incident) were more often observed within the early period, whereas most Mycobacterium abscessus (7 vs 1 incident) and Mycobacterium avium complex (9 vs 3 incidents) were observed in the later period. The median forced expiratory volume in 1 second overtime did not differ significantly between patients with and without nontuberculous mycobacteria infection (P = .29). Nontuberculous mycobacteria acquisition was significantly associated with decreased survival (relative risk of 2.41, 95% CI, 1.70-3.43; P ⟨ .001).
CONCLUSIONS
The nontuberculous mycobacteria species isolated varied according to the time elapsed since transplant. Among lung transplant recipients, nontuberculous mycobacteria infection was associated with increased mortality but not with lung dysfunction.
Topics: Humans; Lung; Mycobacterium; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria; Opportunistic Infections; Transplant Recipients; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 34641777
DOI: 10.6002/ect.2021.0177 -
Pediatric Pulmonology Feb 2020This review summarizes the discussion of a session held during the 2018 North American Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Conference titled "Challenging Cases in Nontuberculous... (Review)
Review
This review summarizes the discussion of a session held during the 2018 North American Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Conference titled "Challenging Cases in Nontuberculous Mycobacterial (NTM) Management." In this session, a multidisciplinary panel of NTM experts discussed clinical challenges related to the management of NTM infection in people with CF in which decision-making falls outside of the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation/European Cystic Fibrosis Society NTM guidelines. Topics discussed included managing newly acquired NTM infection, selecting and monitoring treatment regimens, determining treatment endpoints, and caring for patients after NTM treatment.
Topics: Cystic Fibrosis; Decision Making; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Humans; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
PubMed: 31821718
DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24604 -
Tuberculosis (Edinburgh, Scotland) Mar 2020Mycobacteria are important causes of disease in human and animal hosts. Diseases caused by mycobacteria include leprosy, tuberculosis (TB), nontuberculous mycobacteria... (Review)
Review
Mycobacteria are important causes of disease in human and animal hosts. Diseases caused by mycobacteria include leprosy, tuberculosis (TB), nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections and Buruli Ulcer. To better understand and treat mycobacterial disease, clinicians, veterinarians and scientists use a range of discipline-specific approaches to conduct basic and applied research, including conducting epidemiological surveys, patient studies, wildlife sampling, animal models, genetic studies and computational simulations. To foster the exchange of knowledge and collaboration across disciplines, the Many Hosts of Mycobacteria (MHM) conference series brings together clinical, veterinary and basic scientists who are dedicated to advancing mycobacterial disease research. Started in 2007, the MHM series recently held its 8th conference at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine (Bronx, NY). Here, we review the diseases discussed at MHM8 and summarize the presentations on research advances in leprosy, NTM and Buruli Ulcer, human and animal TB, mycobacterial disease comorbidities, mycobacterial genetics and 'omics, and animal models. A mouse models workshop, which was held immediately after MHM8, is also summarized. In addition to being a resource for those who were unable to attend MHM8, we anticipate this review will provide a benchmark to gauge the progress of future research concerning mycobacteria and their many hosts.
Topics: Animals; Bacteriology; Biomedical Research; Congresses as Topic; Diffusion of Innovation; Disease Models, Animal; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Infectious Disease Medicine; Mycobacterium; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Tuberculosis
PubMed: 32279870
DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2020.101914 -
JAMA Dermatology Jul 2023
Topics: Humans; Mycobacterium abscessus; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Skin; Disease Outbreaks; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 37133845
DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2022.6385 -
PloS One 2023It has been reported that the risk of mental health problems such as anxiety or depression increases in patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection....
BACKGROUND
It has been reported that the risk of mental health problems such as anxiety or depression increases in patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection. However, no studies have investigated whether the incidence of NTM infection increases in patients with depression. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of NTM infection in patients with depression and evaluate the association between NTM infection and depression stratified by age and sex.
METHODS
Data from 2002 to 2013 were collected from patients aged ≥ 20 years in the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort database. Patients with and without depression aged over 20 years were matched with 1 to 4 by sex, age, and year of diagnosis. The incidence rate was calculated in 100,000 person-years, and a multivariable subdistribution hazard model was used to evaluate the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for the development of NTM infection.
RESULTS
We included 37,554 individuals (12,752 men and 24,802 women) and 149,213 controls in the depression and non-depression groups, respectively. The cumulative incidence of NTM infection did not differ significantly between the depression and non-depression groups during the follow-up period (22.2 vs. 24.5 per 100,000 person-years, p = 0.571). The age- and sex-stratified effects on the incidence of NTM infection were not significantly higher in patients with depression than in those without depression. After adjusting for covariates including age, sex, comorbidity, income, and region, the risk of NTM infection did not significantly differ between the depression and non-depression groups (aHR 0.83, 95% confidence interval 0.58-1.17).
CONCLUSION
The incidence of NTM infections in patients with depression was not significantly higher than that in patients without depression. However, due to the small number of NTM infections, we might have underestimated the differences between the two groups. Further studies are needed to identify factors associated with NTM pulmonary disease in patients with depression.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Adult; Incidence; Patients; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37590304
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290271 -
Peritoneal Dialysis International :... May 2021Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections pose a diagnostic challenge in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. In this study, we sought to identify findings that are...
OBJECTIVES
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections pose a diagnostic challenge in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. In this study, we sought to identify findings that are suggestive of NTM infection in PD adult patients.
METHODS
All patients with NTM exit-site infection (ESI) with/without tunnel infection and peritonitis identified during the last decade in eight medical centers in Israel were included. Clinical, microbiological, and outcome data were collected and analyzed.
RESULTS
Thirty patients were identified; 16 had ESI (53%) and 14 had peritonitis (47%). Median age was 65 years (interquartile range 52-76). Abdominal pain and cloudy PD fluid were reported in all patients with peritonitis, whereas exit-site discharge and granulation tissue were common in patients with ESI. Fourteen patients (47%) had negative cultures prior NTM diagnosis, and isolation of diphtheroids or was reported in 9 of 30 patients (30%). Antimicrobial treatment prior to diagnosis was documented in 13 of 30 patients (43%). Delayed diagnosis was frequent. Treatment regimens and duration of therapy varied widely. In 26 of 30 (87%) patients, catheter was removed and 19 of 30 patients (63%) required permanent transition to hemodialysis. Two patients with peritonitis (2 of 14, 14%) and seven with ESI (7 of 16, 44%) were eligible for continuation of PD.
CONCLUSIONS
Culture negative peritonitis, isolation of diphtheroids or ., previous exposure to antibiotics, and/or a refractory infection should all prompt consideration of PD-related NTM infection and timely workup. Catheter removal is recommended aside prolonged antimicrobial therapy. In select patients with ESI, continuation of PD may be feasible.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria; Peritoneal Dialysis; Peritonitis
PubMed: 32400280
DOI: 10.1177/0896860820923461 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2021
Topics: Cytokines; Immunotherapy; Mycobacterium Infections; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
PubMed: 33968090
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.684200 -
Journal of Comparative Pathology Jul 2023A 6-year-old male intact pet rabbit was evaluated for chronic weight loss. A large mass was detected by palpation in the mid-abdomen and ultrasound examination suggested...
A 6-year-old male intact pet rabbit was evaluated for chronic weight loss. A large mass was detected by palpation in the mid-abdomen and ultrasound examination suggested a jejunal location. Explorative laparotomy revealed a nodular mass within the jejunal wall. Histological examination of a biopsy revealed mycobacterial granulomatous enteritis with an atypical lymphoblastic proliferation suggestive of lymphoma. Neoplastic lymphocytes were immunopositive for Pax-5 but negative for CD3, which is diagnostic of a B-cell neoplasm. Numerous acid-fast bacteria were seen within histiocytes and identified by polymerase chain reaction as Mycobacterium genavense, which is a non-tuberculous and opportunistic mycobacterium with zoonotic potential. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documented case of a concurrent B-cell lymphoma and M. genavense infection in a rabbit. Concomitant mycobacteriosis and lymphoma have been rarely described in animals and the coexistence of neoplasia and mycobacterial infection within the jejunum suggests a potential pathogenetic association. Interestingly, the rabbit owner worked in an anti-tuberculosis clinic, and an anthropic origin of the mycobacterial infection could not be excluded.
Topics: Male; Rabbits; Animals; Mycobacterium; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria; Mycobacterium Infections; Lymphoma, B-Cell; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous
PubMed: 37269779
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2023.04.007 -
The Journal of Vascular Access Nov 2022Peritoneal dialysis associated infections are common and associated with high morbidity and mortality, if not treated in a timely manner. is an uncommon pathogen in... (Review)
Review
Peritoneal dialysis associated infections are common and associated with high morbidity and mortality, if not treated in a timely manner. is an uncommon pathogen in peritoneal dialysis associated infections, but is resistant to standard antimicrobial therapies used. Here we present a case of a 56 year-old male with end stage kidney disease on peritoneal dialysis for 7 years who developed a exit-site infection. Peritonitis and peritoneal dialysis catheter tunneled line infections were ruled out and he was treated with linezolid, amikacin, and azithromycin. He required peritoneal dialysis catheter removal and hemodialysis conversion. Antibiotics were de-escalated based on inducibility and antibiotic sensitivities. Linezolid and amikacin were continued for approximately 7 total weeks, with complete resolution of the infection. Further research is needed to refine challenges in the management of exit-site infections, including risk factors for development of , optimal selection of empiric antibiotic therapies, duration of antibiotics, and peritoneal dialysis catheter re-insertion timing.
Topics: Male; Humans; Middle Aged; Mycobacterium abscessus; Linezolid; Amikacin; Azithromycin; Peritoneal Dialysis; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Peritonitis; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 33985367
DOI: 10.1177/11297298211015083