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Cancer Epidemiology Dec 2021Mycoplasmas are emerging sexually transmitted pathogens usually associated with male urinary tract infection, non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU), infertility, and prostate... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Mycoplasmas are emerging sexually transmitted pathogens usually associated with male urinary tract infection, non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU), infertility, and prostate cancer. In this study, we review the evidence linking mycoplasma infection and prostate cancer. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis based on PRISMA guidelines. Four electronic databases were reviewed through January 31, 2021. Studies were eligible for inclusion if odds ratio for prevalence or incidence of colonization and/or infection were provided or calculable. All included studies were evaluated independently by three reviewers. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for Case-Control Studies. Statistical analysis was done using Review Manager Version 5.4. A total of 183/744 (24.6 %) patients with prostate cancer compared to 87/495 (17.58 %) patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) tested positive for Mycoplasma spp., while 86/666 (12.91 %) and 11/388 (2.84 %) prostate cancer patients and BPH patients, respectively, had Ureaplasma spp. infections. This meta-analysis showed that prostate cancer patients had 2.24 times higher odds (p = 0.0005) of being colonized with any species of Mycoplasma spp. and 3.6 times increased odds (p = 0.008) of being colonized with any species of Ureaplasma spp. In conclusion, patients with prostate cancer were more likely to be colonized with Mycoplasma spp. or Ureaplasma spp. compared to patients with BPH, which highlights the potential association between chronic infection and cancer. However, more studies are needed to determine the specific role that mycoplasma plays in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer.
Topics: Humans; Male; Mycoplasma; Persistent Infection; Prostatic Neoplasms; Ureaplasma; Ureaplasma Infections
PubMed: 34517226
DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2021.102021 -
Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology :... Jul 2022While male infertility has been associated with infections, few studies have investigated the association between infection and male infertility. Therefore, this study...
While male infertility has been associated with infections, few studies have investigated the association between infection and male infertility. Therefore, this study aimed at addressing this issue. Semen samples were collected from 136 patients (68 infertile men and 68 fertile men) in the Central Laboratory of Yazd, Iran. Of semen samples collected from 68 infertile and 68 fertile men, 13 (19.12%) and 2 (2.94%) cases were positive for spp. using PCR, respectively. Among -infected infertile men, 10 and 6 men showed abnormal sperm morphology and motility, respectively. None of the positive samples for spp. was positive for and one of the positive samples for spp. belonged to (strain NBRC 14858). The presence of spp. was significantly higher in infertile men ( = .003). infection was relatively high in infertile men. The surprising issue was the absence of and the presence of strain NBRC 14858 in the semen of infertile men. Therefore, investigating reproductive tract infections caused by other spp. should be taken into consideration in male infertility.Impact statement has been mostly reported as a cause of animal respiratory tract infections and the development of various cancers. Information on the association of with male infertility is not yet available. This study shows that the presence of in the semen of infertile men may be associated with infertility. This study shows that the investigation of unpredictable species of genus such as in the semen of infertile men is essential. The results of the present study indicate that in addition to and , studies on the role of in reproductive tract infections and infertility should be expanded.
Topics: Humans; Infertility, Male; Male; Mycoplasma; Mycoplasma Infections; Mycoplasma hominis; Reproductive Tract Infections; Semen
PubMed: 34937499
DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2021.1980510 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023can cause respiratory diseases, arthritis, genitourinary tract infections, and chronic fatigue syndrome and have been linked to the development of the human... (Review)
Review
can cause respiratory diseases, arthritis, genitourinary tract infections, and chronic fatigue syndrome and have been linked to the development of the human immunodeficiency virus. Because mycoplasma lacks a cell wall, its outer membrane lipoproteins are one of the main factors that induce inflammation in the organism and contribute to disease development. Macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 (MALP-2) modulates the inflammatory response of monocytes/macrophages in a bidirectional fashion, indirectly enhances the cytotoxicity of NK cells, promotes oxidative bursts in neutrophils, upregulates surface markers on lymphocytes, enhances antigen presentation on dendritic cells and induces immune inflammatory responses in sebocytes and mesenchymal cells. MALP-2 is a promising vaccine adjuvant for this application. It also promotes vascular healing and regeneration, accelerates wound and bone healing, suppresses tumors and metastasis, and reduces lung infections and inflammation. MALP-2 has a simple structure, is easy to synthesize, and has promising prospects for clinical application. Therefore, this paper reviews the mechanisms of MALP-2 activation in immune cells, focusing on the application of MALP-2 in animals/humans to provide a basis for the study of pathogenesis in and the translation of MALP-2 into clinical applications.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Lipopeptides; Oligopeptides; Macrophages; Mycoplasma; Mycoplasma fermentans; Inflammation
PubMed: 36761746
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1113715 -
Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao = Chinese... Sep 2020Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the pathogen of porcine enzootic pneumonia (PEP). Due to difficulties in studying the pathogenesis of M. hyopneumoniae for blockage on the... (Review)
Review
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the pathogen of porcine enzootic pneumonia (PEP). Due to difficulties in studying the pathogenesis of M. hyopneumoniae for blockage on the establishment of gene operation platform and immature animal model, mycoplasmologists still make progress in understanding the interaction between M. hyopneumoniae and host. In this paper, we review the adhesion and damage of M. hyopneumoniae to host cells, the inflammatory response and immune response of host stimulated by M. hyopneumoniae. Meanwhile, we propose research directions of the pathogenesis of M. hyopneumoniae in the future. This review can provide references for the follow-up study on the interaction between M. hyopneumoniae and host, and provide theoretical basis for effective vaccine and drug development.
Topics: Animals; Follow-Up Studies; Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae; Pneumonia of Swine, Mycoplasmal; Swine
PubMed: 33164453
DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.200050 -
Animal Biotechnology Dec 2022Avian mycoplasmosis mainly caused by and is an economically important disease of poultry industry. It causes huge economic losses in terms of decrease in weight gain,...
Avian mycoplasmosis mainly caused by and is an economically important disease of poultry industry. It causes huge economic losses in terms of decrease in weight gain, feed conversion efficiency, egg production, hatchability; increase in embryo mortality, carcass condemnation, prophylaxis and treatment cost in broiler, layer and breeder flocks. The disease is caused by four major pathogenic mycoplasmas ., (MG) (MS), (MM) and (MI). The MG and MS are World Organization for Animal Health listed respiratory pathogens. MG causes chronic respiratory disease in chicken and infectious sinusitis in turkey; however, MS causes synovitis and airsacculitis in birds. The infection is transmitted both horizontally and vertically. Prevention and control measures of avian mycoplasmosis mainly comprises of biosecurity, treatment and vaccination. For vaccination of birds, inactivated bacterins, live attenuated and/or recombinant live poxvirus vaccines are commercially available against MG and MS infection. The present systematic review summarizes the different epidemiological studies carried out on MG and MS infection in poultry in different geographical locations of India and abroad over the last decade (2010-2020), economic impact, diagnosis and prevention and control.
Topics: Animals; Poultry; Mycoplasma gallisepticum; Mycoplasma synoviae; Chickens; Poultry Diseases; Mycoplasma Infections
PubMed: 33840372
DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.1908316 -
Clinical Laboratory May 2023The latest region-specific panel of mycoplasma species is often crucial for providing insights into local mycoplasma epidemiology and updating clinical practice guidance.
BACKGROUND
The latest region-specific panel of mycoplasma species is often crucial for providing insights into local mycoplasma epidemiology and updating clinical practice guidance.
METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed reports of 4,166 female outpatients detected by the mycoplasma identification verification and antibiotic susceptibility kit from the last five years.
RESULTS
Among them, > 73.3% of cases with Ureaplasma urealyticum or Mycoplasma hominis single infection or co-infection with both species were susceptible to three tetracyclines and one macrolide (josamycin). Additionally, > 84.8%, ≤ 4.4%, and ≤ 39.6% of the U. urealyticum, M. hominis, and co-infection cases, respectively, were susceptible to clarithromycin and roxithromycin. Four quinolones (ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, sparfloxacin, and levofloxacin) and three macrolides (azithromycin, erythromycin, and acetylspiramycin) were active against < 48.9% of the isolates. Furthermore, 77.8%, 18.4%, and 7.5% of the M. hominis, U. urealyticum, and co-infection cases, respectively, were susceptible to spectinomycin.
CONCLUSIONS
Tetracyclines and josamycin were the best antibiotics for most mycoplasma-infected patients.
Topics: Humans; Female; Ureaplasma urealyticum; Mycoplasma hominis; Retrospective Studies; Josamycin; Outpatients; Prevalence; Coinfection; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Mycoplasma; Mycoplasma Infections
PubMed: 37145085
DOI: 10.7754/Clin.Lab.2022.220912 -
Journal of Dairy Science May 2024The objective of this narrative literature review is to better understand bovine hemoplasmosis, an emerging disease that threatens dairy animal health. Several species... (Review)
Review
The objective of this narrative literature review is to better understand bovine hemoplasmosis, an emerging disease that threatens dairy animal health. Several species of hemotropic mycoplasma are known to infect both animals and humans, and Mycoplasma wenyonii and Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos are the species that infect red blood cells of cattle. These microorganisms are associated with clinical signs in dairy cattle, but the effects of infection on health and productivity of dairy cows are poorly understood. In this paper, we review information about the epidemiology of bovine hemoplasmosis in different countries, including clinical signs associated with hemoplasmosis in cattle, methods of diagnosis, treatment, possible routes of transmission, risk factors for infection, and disease progression. Although hemoplasmas have been reported to infect cattle in many countries, and methods used to detect these organisms have improved, numerous gaps in knowledge were identified. The pathogenesis of the disease and potential effect on animal health and productivity remain unclear. With this review, we seek to contribute to the understanding of hemoplasmosis in cattle and provide insights for further research to improve disease management strategies and overall animal health in the dairy industry.
Topics: Humans; Female; Cattle; Animals; Mycoplasma Infections; Cattle Diseases; Mycoplasma; Dairying; Risk Factors; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 38101735
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24120 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023Mycoplasmas, the smallest known self-replicating organisms, possess a simple structure, lack a cell wall, and have limited metabolic pathways. They are responsible for... (Review)
Review
Mycoplasmas, the smallest known self-replicating organisms, possess a simple structure, lack a cell wall, and have limited metabolic pathways. They are responsible for causing acute or chronic infections in humans and animals, with a significant number of species exhibiting pathogenicity. Although the innate and adaptive immune responses can effectively combat this pathogen, mycoplasmas are capable of persisting in the host, indicating that the immune system fails to eliminate them completely. Recent studies have shed light on the intricate and sophisticated defense mechanisms developed by mycoplasmas during their long-term co-evolution with the host. These evasion strategies encompass various tactics, including invasion, biofilm formation, and modulation of immune responses, such as inhibition of immune cell activity, suppression of immune cell function, and resistance against immune molecules. Additionally, antigen variation and molecular mimicry are also crucial immune evasion strategies. This review comprehensively summarizes the evasion mechanisms employed by mycoplasmas, providing valuable insights into the pathogenesis of mycoplasma infections.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Immune Evasion; Mycoplasma; Antigenic Variation; Mycoplasma Infections; Cell Wall
PubMed: 37719671
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1247182 -
Archives of Microbiology Aug 2023Surfactin has many biological activities, such as inhibiting plant diseases, resisting bacteria, fungi, viruses, tumors, mycoplasma, anti-adhesion, etc. It has great... (Review)
Review
Surfactin has many biological activities, such as inhibiting plant diseases, resisting bacteria, fungi, viruses, tumors, mycoplasma, anti-adhesion, etc. It has great application potential in agricultural biological control, clinical medical treatment, environmental treatment and other fields. However, the low yield has been the bottleneck of its popularization and application. It is very important to understand the synthesis route and control strategy of surfactin to improve its yield and purity. In this paper, based on the biosynthetic pathway and regulatory factors of surfactin, its biosynthesis regulation strategy was comprehensively summarized, involving enhancement of endogenous and exogenous precursor supply, modification of the synthesis pathway of lipid chain and peptide chain, improvement of secretion and efflux, and manipulation some global regulatory factors, such as Spo0A, AbrB, ComQXP, phrCSF, etc. to directly or indirectly stimulate surfactin synthesis. And the current production and separation and purification process of surfactin are briefly described. This review also provides a scientific reference for promoting surfactin production and its applications in various fields.
Topics: Biological Transport; Agriculture; Mycoplasma; Plant Diseases
PubMed: 37603063
DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03652-3 -
Microbiology Spectrum Jun 2023To assist in the advancement of the large-scale production of safe vaccines and other -based therapies, we developed a culture medium free of animal serum and other...
To assist in the advancement of the large-scale production of safe vaccines and other -based therapies, we developed a culture medium free of animal serum and other animal components for Mycoplasma pneumoniae growth. By establishing a workflow method to systematically test different compounds and concentrations, we provide optimized formulations capable of supporting serial passaging and robust growth reaching 60 to 70% of the biomass obtained in rich medium. Global transcriptomic and proteomic analysis showed minor physiological changes upon cell culture in the animal component-free medium, supporting its suitability for the production of M. pneumoniae-based therapies. The major contributors to growth performance were found to be glucose as a carbon source, glycerol, cholesterol, and phospholipids as a source of fatty acids. Bovine serum albumin or cyclodextrin (in the animal component-free medium) were required as lipid carriers to prevent lipid toxicity. Connaught Medical Research Laboratories medium (CMRL) used to simplify medium preparation as a source of amino acids, nucleotide precursors, vitamins, and other cofactors could be substituted by cysteine. In fact, the presence of protein hydrolysates such as yeastolate or peptones was found to be essential and preferred over free amino acids, except for the cysteine. Supplementation of nucleotide precursors and vitamins is not strictly necessary in the presence of yeastolate, suggesting that this animal origin-free hydrolysate serves as an efficient source for these compounds. Finally, we adapted the serum-free medium formulation to support growth of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, a swine pathogen for which inactivated whole-cell vaccines are available. infections have a significant negative impact on both livestock production and human health. Vaccination is often the first option to control disease and alleviate the economic impact that some infections cause on milk production, weight gain, and animal health. The fastidious nutrient requirements of these bacteria, however, challenges the industrial production of attenuated or inactivated whole-cell vaccines, which depends on the use of animal serum and other animal raw materials. Apart from their clinical relevance, some species have become cellular models for systems and synthetic biology, owing to the small size of their genomes and the absence of a cell wall, which offers unique opportunities for the secretion and delivery of biotherapeutics. This study proposes medium formulations free of serum and animal components with the potential of supporting large-scale production upon industrial optimization, thus contributing to the development of safe vaccines and other -based therapies.
Topics: Animals; Swine; Humans; Cysteine; Proteomics; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Phospholipids; Mycoplasma Infections; Vitamins
PubMed: 37097155
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04859-22