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Future Microbiology Jul 2023Cruciferous vegetables and mustard oil are rich in the glucosinolate group of molecules. Isothiocyanates are an important group of glucosinolate derivatives. These... (Review)
Review
Cruciferous vegetables and mustard oil are rich in the glucosinolate group of molecules. Isothiocyanates are an important group of glucosinolate derivatives. These derivatives have various bioactive properties, including antioxidant, antibacterial, anticarcinogenic, antifungal, antiparasitic, herbicidal and antimutagenic activity. Previous studies indicate that regular intake of such vegetables may considerably reduce the incidence of various types of cancer. These studies have inspired studies where the bioactive agents of these plants have been isolated and explored for their therapeutic applications. The use of these bioactive compounds as antifungals could be a new therapeutic approach against human pathogenic fungi. Isothiocyanates have been studied for their antifungal activity and have the potential to be used for antifungal therapy.
Topics: Isothiocyanates; Antifungal Agents; Brassicaceae; Fungi; Humans; Mycoses; Vegetables
PubMed: 37522244
DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2022-0251 -
Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation Aug 2021This review examines recent cases and updated literature on emerging or newly resistant fungal infections in solid organ transplantation. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This review examines recent cases and updated literature on emerging or newly resistant fungal infections in solid organ transplantation.
RECENT FINDINGS
Candida auris, a newly described candida capable of drug resistance and persistence in the environment, is a growing concern with both published cases on donor-derived transmission and a hospital outbreak involving liver transplant recipients. Infections with non-albicans candida species are also increasing in incidence in SOT recipients, leading to increasing antifungal resistance and higher mortality. Aspergillus usti has emerged in immunocompromised patients on antifungal prophylaxis. Cryptococcus species continue to be responsible for a number of infections in SOT recipients. Dimorphic fungi, endemic to geographic areas and responsible for sporadic infections in SOT recipients are noted to have an expanding geographic area. Emergomyces are newly classified groups of five species of dimorphic fungi noted to disseminated disease in immunocompromised patients including SOT recipients.
SUMMARY
Emerging fungal species and the development of resistance in well entrenched fungal pathogens impacts SOT recipients and those caring for them. Knowledge of these trends aids in the successful identification and optimal treatment of these challenging conditions.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Candida; Fungi; Humans; Mycoses; Organ Transplantation
PubMed: 34074940
DOI: 10.1097/MOT.0000000000000889 -
Current Opinion in Microbiology Dec 2020Human fungal diseases are a significant global health problem affecting both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. Although patients with single-gene inborn... (Review)
Review
Human fungal diseases are a significant global health problem affecting both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. Although patients with single-gene inborn errors account for only a small part of patients developing fungal infections, studies of these diseases significantly promoted our understanding of the general mechanisms involved in human antifungal immunity. Recently, substantial breakthroughs in monogenetic causes of fungal infections have been made, which have furthered our knowledge of both new genes of known infections and new phenotypes of reported genes. This review describes recent insights into the human monogenetic errors that cause fungal susceptibility alongside novel genes, phenotypes, and mechanisms of both innate and adaptive immunity. We hope that this review raises awareness of the recently identified monogenetic causes of fungal diseases to facilitate the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
Topics: Adaptive Immunity; Animals; Fungi; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Mycoses
PubMed: 33039716
DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2020.09.002 -
Revista Espanola de Quimioterapia :... Sep 2019Invasive fungal infection continues to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality in haematological patients. Antifungal prophylaxis in these patients has... (Review)
Review
Invasive fungal infection continues to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality in haematological patients. Antifungal prophylaxis in these patients has remarkably increased survival since its introduction. In recent years, new antifungals have been on the rise, being more effective and having less toxicity than previous ones. Nonetheless, the number of patients at risk of fungal infection has also been increasing due to the continuous appearance of new immunosuppressive treatments. As a result of such, we face a changing situation that requires constant updating.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Hematologic Neoplasms; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Invasive Fungal Infections; Mycoses; Triazoles
PubMed: 31475813
DOI: No ID Found -
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Sep 2022With the advent of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, a wide range of life-threatening maxillofacial fungal coinfections have also been observed in patients. We... (Review)
Review
With the advent of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, a wide range of life-threatening maxillofacial fungal coinfections have also been observed in patients. We conducted this systematic review to collate and evaluate the data to enable clinicians to understand the disease pattern and types of mycosis and provide meticulous management of these infections in COVID-19 patients. The review was carried out in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis guidelines. A systematic electronic literature search was conducted on major databases using keywords in combination with Boolean Operators. Manuscripts discussing cases of maxillofacial fungal infections in COVID-19 patients were included. A total of 11 studies were systematically reviewed to assess the fungal coinfections in COVID-19 patients. Twenty-one cases of mucormycosis, 58 of candidiasis, and 1 each of aspergillosis and mixed infection were observed in the region of head and neck. Significant increase in invasive fungal infection is evident in patients suffering from COVID-19 which could be due to immunosuppression and other pre-existing comorbidities. Early diagnosis and intervention like systemic antifungals or surgical debridement is mandatory to reduce morbidity and mortality.
Topics: COVID-19; Coinfection; Humans; Mycoses; Pandemics
PubMed: 34622312
DOI: 10.1007/s10006-021-01010-5 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022Candidiasis is a mycosis caused by opportunistic species. The occurrence of fungal infections has considerably increased in the last few years primarily due to an... (Review)
Review
Candidiasis is a mycosis caused by opportunistic species. The occurrence of fungal infections has considerably increased in the last few years primarily due to an increase in the number of immune-suppressed individuals. Alarming bloodstream infections due to sp. are associated with a higher rate of morbidity and mortality, and are emerged as major healthcare concerns worldwide. Currently, chemotherapy is the sole available option for combating fungal diseases. Moreover, the emergence of resistance to these limited available anti-fungal drugs has further accentuated the concern and highlighted the need for early detection of fungal infections, identification of novel antifungal drug targets, and development of effective therapeutics and prophylactics. Thus, there is an increasing interest in developing safe and potent immune-based therapeutics to tackle fungal diseases. In this context, vaccine design and its development have a priority. Nonetheless, despite significant advances in immune and vaccine biology over time, a viable commercialized vaccine remains awaited against fungal infections. In this minireview, we enumerate various concerted efforts made till date towards the development of anti- vaccines, an option with pan-fugal vaccine, vaccines in the clinical trial, challenges, and future opportunities.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Candida; Candidiasis; Drug Resistance, Fungal; Humans; Mycoses; Vaccines
PubMed: 36061876
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1002406 -
Kardiologia Polska Aug 2019Fungal endocarditis (FE) is an infrequent but a lethal condition. Candida and Aspergillus species are the 2 most commonly implicated pathogenic fungi. Clinical... (Review)
Review
Fungal endocarditis (FE) is an infrequent but a lethal condition. Candida and Aspergillus species are the 2 most commonly implicated pathogenic fungi. Clinical presentation is most often that of a fever of unknown origin, which is hard to differentiate from bacterial endocarditis. The diagnosis of FE is extremely challenging and now shifting towards molecular diagnostic techniques. Rapid and aggressive treatment with a combination of antifungal therapy and surgical debridement is imperative to improve outcomes.
Topics: Aspergillosis; Candidiasis; Endocarditis; Humans; Mycoses
PubMed: 31215523
DOI: 10.33963/KP.14869 -
Seminars in Respiratory and Critical... Jun 2021Invasive fungal infections threaten lung transplant outcomes with high associated morbidity and mortality. Pharmacologic prophylaxis may be key to prevent posttransplant...
Invasive fungal infections threaten lung transplant outcomes with high associated morbidity and mortality. Pharmacologic prophylaxis may be key to prevent posttransplant invasive fungal infections, but cost, adverse effects, and absorption issues are barriers to effective prophylaxis. Trends in fungal infection diagnostic strategies utilize molecular diagnostic methodologies to complement traditional histopathology and culture techniques. While lung transplant recipients are susceptible to a variety of fungal pathogens, spp. and spp. infections remain the most common. With emerging resistant organisms and multiple novel antifungal agents in the research pipeline, it is likely that treatment strategies will continue to evolve.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Aspergillosis; Humans; Invasive Fungal Infections; Lung Transplantation; Mycoses
PubMed: 34030208
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1729173 -
The Journal of the American Academy of... Sep 2019Fungal periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a devastating complication because it can be difficult to diagnose, manage, and eradicate. Fungal PJI treatment requires a... (Review)
Review
Fungal periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a devastating complication because it can be difficult to diagnose, manage, and eradicate. Fungal PJI treatment requires a systematic approach. Increased awareness is essential when patients with painful arthroplasties present with immunosuppression, significant comorbidities, multiple surgeries, and history of drug use. Every suspected fungal PJI should be promptly diagnosed using readily available serum and synovial fluid markers. Surgical management involves débridement, antibiotics, and implant retention, one-stage exchange arthroplasty, prosthetic articulating spacers, and two-stage exchange arthroplasty. Because mycotic infections develop robust biofilms, the utility of débridement, antibiotics, and implant retention and one-stage revisions seem limited. A thorough irrigation and débridement is essential to decrease infection burden. Adjunctive local and systemic antifungal therapy is critical, although the agent choice and duration should be tailored appropriately. Future high-quality studies are needed to develop standardized guidelines for the management of fungal PJI.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Debridement; Humans; Mycoses; Prosthesis-Related Infections; Reoperation
PubMed: 30520804
DOI: 10.5435/JAAOS-D-18-00331 -
International Journal of Molecular... Aug 2022The increasing incidence of patients struggling with fungal infections, along with high losses in the production of different foods/crops due to fungal diseases presents...
The increasing incidence of patients struggling with fungal infections, along with high losses in the production of different foods/crops due to fungal diseases presents a significant burden to healthcare, agronomy, and economies worldwide [...].
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Crops, Agricultural; Humans; Mycoses
PubMed: 36077006
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179608