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Leukemia & Lymphoma 2023Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematological malignancy with strong heterogeneity. Immune disorders are a feature of various malignancies, including AML. Interleukins... (Review)
Review
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematological malignancy with strong heterogeneity. Immune disorders are a feature of various malignancies, including AML. Interleukins (ILs) and other cytokines participate in a series of biological processes of immune disorders in the microenvironment, and serve as a bridge for communication between various cellular components in the immune system. The role of ILs in AML is complex and pleiotropic. It can not only play an anti-AML role by enhancing anti-leukemia immunity and directly inducing AML cell apoptosis, but also promote the growth, proliferation and drug resistance of AML. These properties of ILs can be used to explore their potential efficacy in disease monitoring, prognosis assessment, and development of new treatment strategies for AML. This review aims to clarify some of the complex roles of ILs in AML and their clinical applications.
Topics: Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Interleukins; Cytokines; Immune System Diseases; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 37259867
DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2023.2218508 -
Blood Mar 2022
Topics: Aged; Consensus; Geriatric Assessment; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute
PubMed: 35298601
DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021015200 -
International Journal of Hematology Dec 2023Myeloid sarcoma is a rare clinical entity that presents as an isolated proliferation of leukemic cells, concurrently with or at relapse of acute myeloid leukemia (AML),... (Review)
Review
Myeloid sarcoma is a rare clinical entity that presents as an isolated proliferation of leukemic cells, concurrently with or at relapse of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndromes/neoplasms (MDS), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN). Myeloid sarcoma disrupts the normal architecture of its surrounding tissues. When it forms in long bones, it can cause their pathological fracture. We recently experienced a rare case of MDS presenting with myeloid sarcoma in the femur that eventually resulted in its pathological fracture. Detailed chromosomal analysis of the bone marrow cells suggested emergence of myeloid sarcoma during the fast-paced progression of MDS just after acquiring trisomy 22. A comprehensive review of previous cases of myeloid sarcoma-associated pathological fracture indicated possible involvement of structural rearrangements of chromosomes 9 and 22. Management of myeloid sarcoma should continue to improve, and clinicians should note that myeloid sarcoma with specific chromosomal alterations needs extra medical attention to prevent pathological fracture.
Topics: Humans; Sarcoma, Myeloid; Fractures, Spontaneous; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Myelodysplastic Syndromes; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute
PubMed: 37707761
DOI: 10.1007/s12185-023-03656-1 -
Clinical Medicine (London, England) May 2022Acute leukaemia is characterised by uncontrolled expansion of immature leukocytes, either myeloid or lymphoid progenitors, leading to acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and...
Acute leukaemia is characterised by uncontrolled expansion of immature leukocytes, either myeloid or lymphoid progenitors, leading to acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and acute lymphoid leukaemia (ALL), respectively. If left untreated, it is life-threatening and can lead to death within weeks. When acute leukaemia is suspected, urgent haematology input should be sought. Appropriate investigations are needed promptly to confirm diagnosis and start treatment. A multidisciplinary approach is vital to ensure appropriate management.
Topics: Acute Disease; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute
PubMed: 35584840
DOI: 10.7861/clinmed.2022-0149 -
Best Practice & Research. Clinical... Jun 2020Atypical chronic myeloid leukemia is an esoteric myeloid malignancy with features of both myeloproliferative and myelodysplastic syndromes. This disease is characterized... (Review)
Review
Atypical chronic myeloid leukemia is an esoteric myeloid malignancy with features of both myeloproliferative and myelodysplastic syndromes. This disease is characterized primarily by morphologic-based criteria, and has clinical and molecular features overlapping with other myeloid malignancies. No one molecular abnormality is specific, and multiple mutations are often present in various combinations, due to the malignant multi-step clonal evolution of myeloid malignancies. In this review, we will address what we know about atypical chronic myeloid leukemia; evaluate how the molecular landscape in myeloid malignancies overlaps, and discuss what we can learn by incorporating individualized precision genomic strategies.
Topics: Genomics; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic, Atypical, BCR-ABL Negative; Myelodysplastic Syndromes
PubMed: 32460981
DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2019.101133 -
British Journal of Haematology Aug 2019Despite significant advances in the treatment of myeloid malignancies, many patients become resistant to therapy and ultimately succumb to their disease. Accumulating... (Review)
Review
Despite significant advances in the treatment of myeloid malignancies, many patients become resistant to therapy and ultimately succumb to their disease. Accumulating evidence over the past several years has suggested that the inadequacy of many leukaemia therapies results from their failure to target the leukaemic stem cell (LSC). For this reason, the LSC population currently represents the most critical target in the treatment of myeloid malignancies. However, while LSCs are ideal targets in the treatment of these diseases, they are also the most difficult population to target. This is due to both their heterogeneity within the LSC population, and also their phenotypic similarities with normal haematopoietic stem cells. This review will highlight the current landscape surrounding LSC biology in myeloid malignancies, with a focus on altered energy metabolism, and how that knowledge is being translated into clinical advances for the treatment of chronic and acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndromes.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Biomarkers, Tumor; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Energy Metabolism; Hematopoiesis; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Myelodysplastic Syndromes; Neoplastic Stem Cells; Signal Transduction; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31236939
DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16074 -
Critical Reviews in Oncology/hematology Dec 2023Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a specific dendritic cell type stemming from the myeloid lineage. Clinically and pathologically, neoplasms associated with pDCs... (Review)
Review
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a specific dendritic cell type stemming from the myeloid lineage. Clinically and pathologically, neoplasms associated with pDCs are classified as blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN), mature plasmacytoid dendritic myeloid neoplasm (MPDMN) and pDC expansion in myeloid neoplasms (MNs). BPDCN was considered a rare and aggressive neoplasm in the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification. MPDMN, known as mature pDC-derived neoplasm, is closely related to MNs and was first recognized in the latest 2022 WHO classification, proposing a new concept that acute myeloid leukemia cases could show clonally expanded pDCs (pDC-AML). With the advances in detection techniques, an increasing number of pDC expansion in MNs have been reported, but whether the pathogenesis is similar to that of MPDMN remains unclear. This review focuses on patient characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of pDC expansion in MNs to gain further insight into this novel and unique provisional subtype.
Topics: Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Immunophenotyping; Dendritic Cells; Hematologic Neoplasms; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 37863402
DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104186 -
Best Practice & Research. Clinical... Sep 2023
Topics: Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Acute Disease
PubMed: 37611998
DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2023.101499 -
Blood Feb 2023
Topics: Humans; Complement C1q; Macrophages; Recurrence; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute
PubMed: 36795452
DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022018785 -
Pathobiology : Journal of... 2024TP53-mutated myeloid neoplasms including acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS) are notoriously treatment resistant with uniformly poor... (Review)
Review
TP53-mutated myeloid neoplasms including acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS) are notoriously treatment resistant with uniformly poor outcomes. TP53 status is an important prognostic indicator and early knowledge of the TP53 mutation/allelic state may assist in appropriate management including clinical trial enrollment for eligible patients. Thus far, no therapy has shown to demonstrate durable response or incremental survival benefit in TP53-mutated AML or MDS. Therefore, there is an urgent need for innovative therapies to improve the outcomes in this notoriously recalcitrant genomic subset. In this review, we dissect the biology, classification, prognosis, current treatment landscape, and the early phase evaluation of investigational agents in TP53-mutated AML and MDS.
Topics: Humans; Mutation; Myelodysplastic Syndromes; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53
PubMed: 37839402
DOI: 10.1159/000534566