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Cureus Jun 2020Myeloid sarcoma is an isolated extramedullary tumor mass consisting of immature myeloid cells. It is characterized by highly variable outcomes and usually disrupts the...
Myeloid sarcoma is an isolated extramedullary tumor mass consisting of immature myeloid cells. It is characterized by highly variable outcomes and usually disrupts the normal architecture of the normal tissue in which it originates. It may occur de novo or be associated with other hematological malignancies. Clinical presentation of myeloid sarcomas can be highly variable based on the tumor site, size, and extent of tissue involvement. The diagnosis of myeloid sarcoma is challenging and requires a high index of suspicion. Tissue sampling followed by the use of auxiliary studies is essential for diagnosis. Moreover, bone marrow sampling is necessary to exclude morrow involvement. Currently, the recommended therapeutic regimens for myeloid sarcoma are similar to those for acute myeloid leukemia. Much work remains to be accomplished as myeloid sarcomas, if initially missed or misdiagnosed, have poor overall survival rates. Furthermore, prognostic factors for this malignancy remain poorly understood.
PubMed: 32528784
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8462 -
EJHaem Nov 2021
PubMed: 35845198
DOI: 10.1002/jha2.306 -
Leukemia Research Reports 2019Myeloid Sarcoma (MS) is diagnosed by an extramedullary proliferation of immature granulocytic cells. Its association with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is rare. CML is...
Myeloid Sarcoma (MS) is diagnosed by an extramedullary proliferation of immature granulocytic cells. Its association with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is rare. CML is characterized by gene rearrangement and therapies with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) are very effective. However, TKI resistance may occur secondary to the development of mutations. T315I is a common mutation that accounts for ∼20% clinical resistance to TKIs. We report the first case of a patient with T315I mutated myeloid sarcoma that occurred after complete cytogenetic response with dasatinib of a chronic phase CML. The patient was successfully treated with induction chemotherapy and ponatinib.
PubMed: 31485411
DOI: 10.1016/j.lrr.2019.100184 -
Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 2020
PubMed: 32115522
DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.3560-19 -
GE Portuguese Journal of... Jul 2020
PubMed: 32775553
DOI: 10.1159/000504761 -
RoFo : Fortschritte Auf Dem Gebiete Der... Jan 2021
Review
Topics: Contrast Media; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Sarcoma, Myeloid
PubMed: 32353885
DOI: 10.1055/a-1150-8131 -
Current Treatment Options in Oncology Apr 2023Myeloid sarcoma, a rare malignant tumor characterized by the invasion of extramedullary tissue by immature myeloid cells, commonly occurs concomitantly with acute... (Review)
Review
Myeloid sarcoma, a rare malignant tumor characterized by the invasion of extramedullary tissue by immature myeloid cells, commonly occurs concomitantly with acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, or myeloproliferative neoplasms. The rarity of myeloid sarcoma poses challenges for diagnosis and treatment. Currently, treatments for myeloid sarcoma remain controversial and primarily follow protocols for acute myeloid leukemia, such as chemotherapy utilizing multi-agent regimens, in addition to radiation therapy and/or surgery. The advancements in next-generation sequencing technology have led to significant progress in the field of molecular genetics, resulting in the identification of both diagnostic and therapeutic targets. The application of targeted therapeutics, such as FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3(FLT3) inhibitors, isocitrate dehydrogenases(IDH) inhibitors, and the B cell lymphoma 2(BCL2) inhibitors, has facilitated the gradual transformation of traditional chemotherapy into targeted precision therapy for acute myeloid leukemia. However, the field of targeted therapy for myeloid sarcoma is relatively under-investigated and not well-described. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the molecular genetic characteristics of myeloid sarcoma and the current application of targeted therapeutics.
Topics: Humans; Sarcoma, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Mutation; Protein Kinase Inhibitors
PubMed: 36877373
DOI: 10.1007/s11864-023-01063-6 -
Journal of Computer Assisted TomographyMyeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare extramedullary neoplasm that can present in association with acute myeloid leukemia, most commonly in children younger than 15 years. This... (Review)
Review
Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare extramedullary neoplasm that can present in association with acute myeloid leukemia, most commonly in children younger than 15 years. This unique extramedullary malignancy may involve a variety of different organ systems and can present following, preceding, simultaneous with, or in insolation to acute myeloid leukemia. Common areas of extramedullary involvement include soft tissues, bones, lymph nodes, and the peritoneum. Imaging plays a critical role in the diagnosis and management of MS, with commonly used modalities including positron emission tomography-computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, computerized tomography, and ultrasound. The purpose of this review article is to provide radiologists with a comprehensive guide summarizing the relevant imaging and clinical features of MS, with emphasis on the role of imaging in the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of patients with MS. The relevant pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical presentations, and differential diagnosis of MS will be reviewed. The relevance of different imaging modalities in diagnosis, monitoring of treatment response, and assessment of treatment-related complications will also be outlined. Through summarizing these topics, this review article aims to provide radiologists with a guide for understanding the existing knowledge of MS in the literature and the current role of imaging in the management of this unique malignancy.
Topics: Child; Humans; Sarcoma, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Radiologists
PubMed: 37185013
DOI: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000001440 -
Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology Nov 2020Myeloid diseases detected as primary or secondary lesions in the lung and pleura are rare. Clinical presentations and radiographic results may vary significantly... (Review)
Review
Myeloid diseases detected as primary or secondary lesions in the lung and pleura are rare. Clinical presentations and radiographic results may vary significantly depending on the nature of the diseases. The most common diseases associated with lung and pleura involvement are myeloid sarcoma/acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH). AML typically represents localized involvement by systemic acute leukemia, while EMH is frequently secondary to underlying benign hematolymphoid disorders or myeloproliferative neoplasms. This review provides an overview of the pathogenesis, clinical presentations, radiologic/imaging studies, pathologic and genetic findings, and treatment/outcomes associated with myeloid diseases in the lung and pleura.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Hematopoiesis, Extramedullary; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lung; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Pathology, Molecular; Pleura; Sarcoma, Myeloid; Thalassemia; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32591154
DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2020.06.002 -
The Journal of Pediatrics May 2021
Topics: Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Differential; Facial Neoplasms; Female; Forehead; Humans; Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 33444642
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.01.001