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Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and... 2021Myeloid sarcomas can be detected in up to 30% of acute myeloid leukemia cases or occur de-novo without bone marrow involvement. The most frequent localization of myeloid... (Review)
Review
Myeloid sarcomas can be detected in up to 30% of acute myeloid leukemia cases or occur de-novo without bone marrow involvement. The most frequent localization of myeloid sarcomas in the abdominal cavity is the small intestine, and gastric presentations are infrequent, frequently misdiagnosed, and a high level of suspicion should exist when the characteristic histomorphology features are present. The current review features a case report with gastric presentation of myeloid sarcoma in a patient with a diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia with trisomy 8. In addition, a review of the literature of intestinal-type myeloid sarcomas shows that less than 15% of these cases have been reported in the stomach. The most common molecular aberrancy detected in intestinal myeloid sarcomas is the fusion protein CBFB-MYH11. A review of several large studies demonstrates that the presence of myeloid sarcoma does not constitute an independent prognostic factor. The therapeutic approach will be tailored to the specific genetic abnormalities present, and systemic chemotherapy with hematopoietic stem cell transplant is the most efficient strategy.
PubMed: 34804441
DOI: 10.4084/MJHID.2021.067 -
Annals of Hematology Jul 2020
Topics: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Cytarabine; Daunorubicin; Fatal Outcome; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Sarcoma; Uterine Neoplasms
PubMed: 32367177
DOI: 10.1007/s00277-020-04065-8 -
The New England Journal of Medicine Aug 2020
Topics: Duodenum; Endoscopy, Digestive System; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Male; Middle Aged; Sarcoma, Myeloid; Stomach
PubMed: 32846064
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMicm2001235 -
Blood Apr 2020
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Placenta; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic; Sarcoma, Myeloid
PubMed: 32298443
DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020004975 -
Hematology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) Dec 2023Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a very rare hematologic disorder. This study analyzes the early treatment options for patients with different types of MS and explores the...
BACKGROUND
Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a very rare hematologic disorder. This study analyzes the early treatment options for patients with different types of MS and explores the prognostic factors of MS.
METHODS
Patients aged 15 years and older with MS in the SEER database (diagnosed from 2000 to 2018) were selected, excluding those with an unknown first course of treatment, an unknown location of disease, and less than 1 month of follow-up. Statistical methods used a chi-square test to compare clinical characteristics; Kaplan-Meier analysis to compare survival differences; and Cox proportional risk models to identify prognostic factors affecting overall survival (OS).
RESULTS
Data were collected from 472 patients: 244 patients with isolated myeloid sarcoma (IMS) and 228 patients with non-isolated myeloid sarcoma (non-IMS). IMS patients mostly chose local treatment, while non-IMS patients mostly chose chemotherapy. There was a significant difference in OS between IMS patients treated with combined treatment and those without treatment. For non-IMS, treated patients had longer OS than untreated, but the difference was not statistically significant. Among adult patients, those younger than 60 years had a better prognosis. Patients with the urinary system, digestive system, reproductive system and chest and abdomen as the initial site had a better prognosis.
CONCLUSIONS
Early combination therapy in IMS patients had a longer OS, and chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy/surgery should be the treatment of choice. For non-IMS patients, early combination therapy did not show a significant advantage. Age and location of first presentation were independent factors affecting MS patients' long-term prognosis.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Sarcoma, Myeloid; Prognosis; Combined Modality Therapy; Databases, Factual; Kaplan-Meier Estimate
PubMed: 37594298
DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2023.2247898 -
Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical... 2022Myeloid sarcoma is a tumor mass of immature myeloid or monocytic cells (rarely erythroid or megakaryocytic) occurring in an extramedullary site. A de novo promyelocytic...
Myeloid sarcoma is a tumor mass of immature myeloid or monocytic cells (rarely erythroid or megakaryocytic) occurring in an extramedullary site. A de novo promyelocytic granulocytic sarcoma is a very rare tumor. We report a case of a young man presenting with a paraspinal myeloid sarcoma of promyelocytic origin.
PubMed: 35261471
DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2021.1995108 -
European Journal of Case Reports in... 2022A myeloid sarcoma is an extramedullary tumour arising from infiltration by leukemic cells at an anatomic site other than the bone marrow. Most commonly it precedes acute...
UNLABELLED
A myeloid sarcoma is an extramedullary tumour arising from infiltration by leukemic cells at an anatomic site other than the bone marrow. Most commonly it precedes acute myeloid leukaemia but occasionally occurs simultaneously. It may also be associated with myeloproliferative neoplasms, myelodysplastic syndrome and the blast phase of chronic myeloid leukaemia. The most common sites for extramedullary tumours are bone, periosteum, soft tissue, lymph node and skin. Although this disease can affect a wide range of body sites, there are very few reports of peritoneal myeloid sarcoma or cavity effusion. The authors present the case of a 68-year-old man with myelodysplasia-related acute myeloid leukaemia and peritoneal myeloid sarcoma with myeloid ascites. The definitive diagnosis is challenging, requires a high level of suspicion, and relies on the exclusion of all alternative diagnoses and especially on complementary tests such as flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry analysis of ascitic fluid in order to detect the immature myeloid cells.
LEARNING POINTS
Myeloid sarcomas are extramedullary leukemic tumours that occur before or simultaneously with acute myeloid leukaemia, other myeloproliferative neoplasms or myelodysplastic syndrome.Myeloid sarcomas are most often seen in bone, soft tissue, lymph node and skin, but can present in most locations.Peritoneal myeloid sarcoma and leukemic ascites, although very rare, must be searched for when a patient with acute leukaemia presents with newly diagnosed ascites, through ascitic fluid flow cytometry and immunophenotypic analysis.
PubMed: 35265554
DOI: 10.12890/2022_003184 -
International Journal of Hematology Dec 2023Myeloid sarcoma is a rare clinical entity that presents as an isolated proliferation of leukemic cells, concurrently with or at relapse of acute myeloid leukemia (AML),... (Review)
Review
Myeloid sarcoma is a rare clinical entity that presents as an isolated proliferation of leukemic cells, concurrently with or at relapse of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndromes/neoplasms (MDS), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN). Myeloid sarcoma disrupts the normal architecture of its surrounding tissues. When it forms in long bones, it can cause their pathological fracture. We recently experienced a rare case of MDS presenting with myeloid sarcoma in the femur that eventually resulted in its pathological fracture. Detailed chromosomal analysis of the bone marrow cells suggested emergence of myeloid sarcoma during the fast-paced progression of MDS just after acquiring trisomy 22. A comprehensive review of previous cases of myeloid sarcoma-associated pathological fracture indicated possible involvement of structural rearrangements of chromosomes 9 and 22. Management of myeloid sarcoma should continue to improve, and clinicians should note that myeloid sarcoma with specific chromosomal alterations needs extra medical attention to prevent pathological fracture.
Topics: Humans; Sarcoma, Myeloid; Fractures, Spontaneous; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Myelodysplastic Syndromes; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute
PubMed: 37707761
DOI: 10.1007/s12185-023-03656-1 -
Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi = Zhonghua... Oct 2021
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Sarcoma, Myeloid
PubMed: 34788931
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2021.10.015 -
Der Gynakologe 2022Lymphoma cells are highly radiosensitive and consequently, radiation therapy is a rational addition to systemic therapy in the treatment of leukemia. Especially as... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Lymphoma cells are highly radiosensitive and consequently, radiation therapy is a rational addition to systemic therapy in the treatment of leukemia. Especially as a conditioning regimen before allogeneic stem cell transplantation, radiation therapy, in the form of total body irradiation, is an established concept.
OBJECTIVES
The present work provides an overview on the execution and side effects of radiation treatment in leukemia. Especially (long-term) side effects after total body irradiation are presented.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A selective search in the database PubMed on radiation treatment of leukemia and on total body irradiation has been carried out, focusing on toxicities as well as technical and conceptional innovations.
RESULTS
Total body irradiation is a successful conditioning therapy before allogeneic stem cell transplantation and is accompanied by a diverse, but manageable, toxicity spectrum with endocrinological, cardiopulmonary, ophthalmological, nephrological and neurological long-term side effects as well as secondary neoplasia. In addition, low-dose radiotherapy may be utilized to treat myeloid sarcoma (chloroma).
CONCLUSIONS
The variety of side effects after total body irradiation requires an interdisciplinary and long-term aftercare provided by radiation oncologists and medical oncologists/the transplantation team. Technical evolutions may result in a more selective targeting of the bone marrow and lymphatic organs. At the moment, these techniques are not established in clinical routine but are being evaluated in clinical trials.
PubMed: 35492219
DOI: 10.1007/s00761-022-01163-2