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Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral Y Cirugia... Mar 2020The purpose of this experimental study was to compare the immunohistochemical expression of SOX2 and BCL-2 in Odontogenic Keratocyst (OKC) and Ameloblastoma (AB)...
BACKGROUND
The purpose of this experimental study was to compare the immunohistochemical expression of SOX2 and BCL-2 in Odontogenic Keratocyst (OKC) and Ameloblastoma (AB) specimens, and to identify a possible correlation in their expression.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to evaluate SOX2 and BCL-2 expression in OKC (n = 20) and AB (n = 20). The immunoexpression was analyzed by a quantitative and qualitative scoring system. The comparison between the immunoexpression of SOX 2 and BCL-2 was assessed by the Mann-Whitney U-test. Spearman's correlation coefficient evaluated the correlation between SOX2 and BCL-2 expressions.
RESULTS
SOX2 and BCL-2 expression was observed in all specimens of OKC in the full thickness of the epithelium lining. SOX2 immunostaining was higher in OKC, in comparison with AB samples (P<0.05). BCL-2 immunostaining between OKC and AB was not statistically significant. There was no significant correlation between SOX2 and BCL-2 in OKC and AB specimens.
CONCLUSIONS
SOX2 and BCL-2 expressions in OKC may suggest their relationship with the biological behavior of this lesion, and the higher expression of SOX2 might be an upstream influence on the Hh signaling pathway.
Topics: Ameloblastoma; Humans; Odontogenic Cysts; Odontogenic Tumors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; SOXB1 Transcription Factors
PubMed: 31967981
DOI: 10.4317/medoral.23348 -
Journal of Clinical and Experimental... Mar 2022Diagnosis of jaw cysts is challenging in general dental practice, and most cases are incidentally discovered through routine dental radiography. The aim of this study...
BACKGROUND
Diagnosis of jaw cysts is challenging in general dental practice, and most cases are incidentally discovered through routine dental radiography. The aim of this study was to examine the epidemiology and treatment of odontogenic and non-odontogenic cysts to better understand the status of these lesions in populations in South Sulawesi, Indonesia.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
This retrospective study was conducted on patients treated at four different hospitals in Makassar between January 2011 and June 2017. Patients diagnosed as having odontogenic or non-odontogenic cysts were included in the study. Information on variables such as sex, age, histopathological, and anatomical distributions was collected. Statistical analyses were performed using an independent T-test and the Pearson chi-square test (< 0.05).
RESULTS
A total of 173 samples were collected, of which only 60 were histopathologically analyzed. The patients' mean age was 30.3 years. The cysts occurred more frequently in women and in the anterior maxilla, followed by the posterior mandible. The radicular cyst was the most prevalent type, followed by the dentigerous cyst. Most cysts were treated with enucleation. Of the patients, 72.8% were followed up, of whom 3.2% had a recurrence and only 19.1% had complaints of clinical symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings indicate that odontogenic and non-odontogenic cysts widely vary in terms of incidence, with some exhibiting a predilection for specific ages and sites and specific sex. Knowledge of these factors could be useful for both clinicians and pathologists in the diagnosis and choice of the appropriate treatment plan. Cyst, epidemiology, odontogenic, non-odontogenic, treatment.
PubMed: 35317299
DOI: 10.4317/jced.59309 -
The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery May 2022Although pathology in the maxillary and mandibular bones is rare in young patients, the differential diagnosis is broad. The World Health Organization (WHO) updated its...
BACKGROUND
Although pathology in the maxillary and mandibular bones is rare in young patients, the differential diagnosis is broad. The World Health Organization (WHO) updated its classification of maxillofacial bone pathology in 2017. Using these updated guidelines, a systematic review of common maxillofacial bone lesions in the pediatric population was performed.
METHODS
A PubMed search was conducted capturing English language articles from inception to July 2020. Thirty-one articles were identified that described the frequency of maxillofacial bone pathology. Data were extracted and organized using the WHO 2017 classification of odontogenic and maxillofacial bone tumors. Prevalence data were analyzed among diagnostic categories and geographical regions. The SAS version 9.4 was used to complete statistical analyses.
RESULTS
The articles included patients from birth to a maximum age of 14 to 19 years. The most common odontogenic cysts included radicular cyst (42.7%) and dentigerous cyst (39.0%) followed by odontogenic keratocyst (15.0%). Among odontogenic bone tumors, odontoma (49.3%) was most common followed by ameloblastoma (29.1%). The most common nonodontogenic bone tumor was fibrous dysplasia (42.4%), and the most common malignant bone tumor was osteosarcoma (75.0%). Significant variations were found by geographic region, with dentigerous cyst more common than radicular cyst, and ameloblastoma more common than odontoma in African and Asian countries (P < 0.0001).
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review uses the WHO 2017 guidelines to classify common odontogenic and nonodontogenic maxillofacial bone lesions around the world. Pathogenesis, presentation, and available treatment options for the most common maxillofacial bone lesions are reviewed.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ameloblastoma; Child; Dentigerous Cyst; Humans; Odontogenic Cysts; Odontogenic Tumors; Odontoma; Radicular Cyst; Young Adult
PubMed: 34560739
DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000008201 -
Autopsy & Case Reports 2023The gingival cyst of the adult (GCA) is a rare odontogenic cyst, consisting of 0.3% of all odontogenic cysts. This case report, based on CARE guidelines for case...
The gingival cyst of the adult (GCA) is a rare odontogenic cyst, consisting of 0.3% of all odontogenic cysts. This case report, based on CARE guidelines for case reports, aims to present a case of a 52-year-old female patient with a symptomatic translucent nodule in the upper left anterior gingiva, measuring approximately 6mm. Excisional biopsy was performed, and the histological examination revealed multiple cystic cavities lined by the squamous epithelium of varying thickness with focal areas of nodular thickenings. The presence of clusters of cells with clear cytoplasm within epithelial thickenings was observed. PAS staining was negative in clear cells. The diagnosis of the GCA was established. Despite its rarity, GCA should be considered in the differential diagnosis of gingival lesions. Conservative surgical treatment proved to be effective, with no signs of recurrence.
PubMed: 38034522
DOI: 10.4322/acr.2023.454 -
Diagnostic Pathology Oct 2022Orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst (OOC) is a rare developmental odontogenic cyst of the jaw. It was originally believed to be a variant of odontogenic keratocyst (OKC)...
BACKGROUND
Orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst (OOC) is a rare developmental odontogenic cyst of the jaw. It was originally believed to be a variant of odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) but is now considered to be a distinct entity. OOC usually presents as a single lesion and recurs infrequently. On the other hand, OKC often presents with multiple lesions and displays locally aggressive behavior and a high recurrence rate associated with the protein patched homolog 1 (PTCH1) gene mutation. Multiple OOC cases are extremely rare and seem to be aggressive, but their pathogenesis is not fully understood. This study aimed to determine the clinical, pathological, and genetic characteristics of multiple OCC.
METHODS
Three cases of multiple OOC were evaluated for clinical and histological findings, and immunohistochemical expression of Ki-67 and Bcl-2. Furthermore, PTCH1 mutations were analyzed by next-generation sequencing using a custom panel to cover the entire exon of PTCH1.
RESULTS
The three cases of multiple OOC included two men and one woman with a mean age of 25.3 years old (range, 18-38 years old). Each case had two or three OOCs (total of seven OOCs), all of which were simultaneously detected. Of the seven OOCs that manifested as multiple jaw cysts, seven (100%) occurred in the posterior regions, four (57.1%) occurred in the mandible, and four (57.1%) were associated with an impacted tooth. Histological examination revealed cysts lined by orthokeratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Immunohistochemistry showed a low Ki-67 labeling index and no Bcl-2 expression in the seven OOCs. No pathogenic PTCH1 mutations were detected in any of the seven OOCs. None of the patients had any other symptoms or signs of recurrence at the last follow-up (6-60 months).
CONCLUSION
Multiple OOCs appeared to occur more often in younger patients than solitary OOC. Both multiple and solitary OOCs may be related diseases within the entity of odontogenic cysts. Multiple OOCs are clinicopathologically and genetically distinct from OKC.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Ki-67 Antigen; Male; Odontogenic Cysts; Odontogenic Tumors; Patched-1 Receptor; Young Adult
PubMed: 36242048
DOI: 10.1186/s13000-022-01261-0 -
Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral... Apr 2020Odontogenic cysts and tumors are heterogeneous lesions, originating from elements or remnants of the odontogenic apparatus. Although the majority of these lesions are... (Review)
Review
Odontogenic cysts and tumors are heterogeneous lesions, originating from elements or remnants of the odontogenic apparatus. Although the majority of these lesions are benign and never undergo malignant transformation, rare malignant tumors may arise de novo or from benign precursors. The molecular basis of these lesions is still poorly understood. This article summarizes and discusses studies using small, medium, and large-scale and/or "-omic" techniques to describe the molecular characteristics of benign and malignant odontogenic lesions and briefly debates strategies to increase the use of "-omic" and multi-omic approaches or integrative analyses in the research of these lesions. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular aspects of odontogenic lesions by using large-scale approaches will enable us to refine the classification of this heterogeneous group of disorders and provide more accurate biomarkers for precise diagnosis, prognosis, and development of molecular tools in the management of patients with these conditions.
Topics: Humans; Odontogenic Cysts; Odontogenic Tumors; Prognosis
PubMed: 32035859
DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2019.12.017 -
Journal of Veterinary Dentistry Jun 2022This retrospective case series presents a unique group of odontogenic cysts that are lined by heavily keratinized epithelium and contain laminated keratin. Keratinized...
This retrospective case series presents a unique group of odontogenic cysts that are lined by heavily keratinized epithelium and contain laminated keratin. Keratinized odontogenic cyst (KOC) is proposed as appropriate terminology for the described lesions. The series evaluates cysts from 29 dogs, including clinical presentation, diagnostic imaging, and histopathology. All 29 lesions occurred in tooth bearing regions of the jaws; 21 were maxillary and 8 were mandibular. These keratinized odontogenic cysts were unilocular or multilocular, and some demonstrated considerable expansion resulting in bone destruction. In 13 of 29 cases, there was evidence of tooth displacement associated with the expansion of the KOC. The KOCs did not have a distinctive radiographic appearance. 48% of the cysts had a soft tissue defect through which the keratin contents could be visualized. Cyst contents ranged from hard mineralized keratin to fluid consistency with soft flecks of keratin. The pathoetiology of KOCs is unknown; however, the biological behavior is benign and thought to be slowly progressive despite potential for locally destructive growth. Recurrence is uncommon when cyst enucleation and debridement are aggressive or when solid cysts are excised en bloc.
Topics: Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Keratins; Mandible; Maxilla; Odontogenic Cysts; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35360969
DOI: 10.1177/08987564221088726 -
BMC Oral Health Jul 2023Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is a relatively common odontogenic lesion characterized by local invasion in the maxillary and mandibular bones. In the pathological tissue...
BACKGROUND
Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is a relatively common odontogenic lesion characterized by local invasion in the maxillary and mandibular bones. In the pathological tissue slices of OKC, immune cell infiltrations are frequently observed. However, the immune cell profile and the molecular mechanism for immune cell infiltration of OKC are still unclear. We aimed to explore the immune cell profile of OKC and to explore the potential pathogenesis for immune cell infiltration in OKC.
METHODS
The microarray dataset GSE38494 including OKC and oral mucosa (OM) samples were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in OKC were analyzed by R software. The hub genes of OKC were performed by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. The differential immune cell infiltration and the potential relationship between immune cell infiltration and the hub genes were performed by single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). The expression of COL1A1 and COL1A3 were confirmed by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry in 17 OKC and 8 OM samples.
RESULTS
We detected a total of 402 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 247 were upregulated and 155 were downregulated. DEGs were mainly involved in collagen-containing extracellular matrix pathways, external encapsulating structure organization, and extracellular structure organization. We identified ten hub genes, namely FN1, COL1A1, COL3A1, COL1A2, BGN, POSTN, SPARC, FBN1, COL5A1, and COL5A2. A significant difference was observed in the abundances of eight types of infiltrating immune cells between the OM and OKC groups. Both COL1A1 and COL3A1 exhibited a significant positive correlation with natural killer T cells and memory B cells. Simultaneously, they demonstrated a significant negative correlation with CD56dim natural killer cells, neutrophils, immature dendritic cells, and activated dendritic cells. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that COL1A1 (P = 0.0131) and COL1A3 (P < 0.001) were significantly elevated in OKC compared with OM.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings provide insights into the pathogenesis of OKC and illuminate the immune microenvironment within these lesions. The key genes, including COL1A1 and COL1A3, may significantly impact the biological processes associated with OKC.
Topics: Humans; Odontogenic Tumors; Mouth Mucosa; Odontogenic Cysts; Computational Biology; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 37415178
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03175-9 -
Klinicka Onkologie : Casopis Ceske a... 2022Keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT) is a recurrent benign tumor with a keratinized epithelial shape. The treatment methods in KCOT are still debated. The aim of all... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT) is a recurrent benign tumor with a keratinized epithelial shape. The treatment methods in KCOT are still debated. The aim of all treatment methods is to eradicate the cyst and to reduce recurrence and surgical complications. This review article was conducted to assess the findings of studies on the dia-gnosis, management and recurrence of KCOT.
METHODS
Information were gathered by searching keywords such as management, treatment, pharmacology, surgery and keratocystic odontogenic tumor in international databases such as Web of Science, PubMed and Scopus. The search period was between 2010-2020.
RESULTS
Techniques used for the treatment include decompression, marsupialization, enucleation with or without adjunct, Caldwell-Luc surgery and resection. Of the 40 studies, recurrence was observed in 13 studies and the recurrence ranged from 0 to 48% in different treatment methods.
CONCLUSION
Due to the high recurrence of this disease, it is suggested that long term follow-up be considered after treatment to reduce recurrence. Decision on the treatment should be made considering age, tumor size, and the site of involvement in order to reduce the economic and psychological burden of the disease.
Topics: Humans; Odontogenic Cysts; Odontogenic Tumors
PubMed: 35236077
DOI: 10.48095/ccko202210 -
Oral Radiology Jul 2021The Gubernaculum Dentis (GD) is an anatomical structure connecting the dental follicle of the permanent tooth to the overlying gingiva. It is composed of Gubernacular... (Review)
Review
The Gubernaculum Dentis (GD) is an anatomical structure connecting the dental follicle of the permanent tooth to the overlying gingiva. It is composed of Gubernacular cord (GCo) and a surrounding bony canal called as Gubernacular canal (GC) or Gubernacular Tract (GT). GD is a physiologic structure that has claimed to play some role in the eruption of teeth. GCo is a histologic structure, however, the surrounding GT can be identified radiographically. But due to its infinitesimal appearance, its differentiation with normal bone marrow spaces on conventional radiographs is extremely difficult and is the reason for its sporadic reference in the oral radiology literature. The advent of advanced imaging modalities such as Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) has led to its distinct identification in the recent studies not only in the normal erupting teeth but in teeth with altered eruption pattern, impacted teeth, supernumerary teeth, odontogenic cysts and tumors as well. The identification of GT on CBCT is usually an incidental finding and because of its physiologic nature, the imaging characteristics of GT have not been studied extensively. This pictorial review aims to demonstrate the imaging characteristics of GT in diverse relations with the normal teeth, impacted teeth, supernumerary teeth, odontomas and odontogenic cysts and tumors. This will help in understanding the various presentations of GT and will serve as a teaching guide for oral and maxillofacial radiologists for their easy identification and their possible causal association with various eruptive pathologies.
Topics: Gubernaculum; Humans; Spiral Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Tooth Eruption; Tooth, Impacted; Tooth, Supernumerary
PubMed: 32607940
DOI: 10.1007/s11282-020-00461-y