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Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024species (formerly known as ) are Gram-positive filamentous bacteria in the family Promicromonosporaceae and are more commonly found in sewage and soil. The present... (Review)
Review
species (formerly known as ) are Gram-positive filamentous bacteria in the family Promicromonosporaceae and are more commonly found in sewage and soil. The present study aimed to identify all the published cases of species infections in the literature, describe the epidemiological, clinical, and microbiological characteristics, and provide data regarding its antimicrobial resistance, treatment, and outcomes. A narrative review was performed based on a PubMed and Scopus database search. In total, 38 studies provided data on 40 patients with infections by these species. The median age of patients was 52.5 years, and 55% were male. The most common infection types were bacteremia, infective endocarditis (IE), osteoarticular infections, peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis, and endophthalmitis. Antimicrobial resistance to vancomycin and the combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole was minimal, and vancomycin was the most commonly used antimicrobial for treating these infections. Overall mortality was minimal for all infections, except for bacteremia and IE, which carried high mortality rates.
PubMed: 38927228
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13060562 -
Medicina Clinica Aug 2020
Topics: Actinobacteria; Humans
PubMed: 31377022
DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2019.05.008 -
Zeitschrift Fur Naturforschung. C,... Jan 2023Bacterial sialidases are enzymes that are involved in a number of vital processes in microorganisms and in their interaction with the host or the environment. Their wide...
Bacterial sialidases are enzymes that are involved in a number of vital processes in microorganisms and in their interaction with the host or the environment. Their wide application for scientific and applied purposes requires the search for highly effective and non-pathogenic producers. Here, we report the first description of sialidase from . The extracellular enzyme preparation was partially purified. The presence of sialidase was confirmed in native PAGE treated with the fluorogenic substrate 4MU-Neu5Ac. Maximum enzyme activity was registered at 37 °C and in the pH range of 4.0-5.5. The influence of metal ions and EDTA was examined. It was demonstrated that EDTA, Mn and Ba ions inhibit the sialidase activity to different extent, while Cd, Fe and Fe have stimulating effect on it. These features are studied for the first time concerning sialidase of representative. Cell bound sialidase and sialate aldolase were also established.
Topics: Neuraminidase; Edetic Acid; Bacteria
PubMed: 36351238
DOI: 10.1515/znc-2022-0051 -
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Apr 2024The deoxynivalenol (DON)-degrading bacterium JB1-3-2 was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample of cucumber collected from a greenhouse located in Zhenjiang, Eastern...
The deoxynivalenol (DON)-degrading bacterium JB1-3-2 was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample of cucumber collected from a greenhouse located in Zhenjiang, Eastern China. The JB1-3-2 strain is a Gram-stain-positive, nonmotile and round actinomycete. Growth was observed at temperatures between 15 and 40 ℃ (optimum, 35 ℃), in the presence of 15% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 3%), and at pH 3 and 11 (optimum, 7). The major cellular fatty acids identified were anteiso-C, iso-C and anteiso-C. Genome sequencing revealed a genome size of 4.11 Mb and a DNA G + C content of 72.5 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the JB1-3-2 strain was most closely related to type strains of the Oerskovia species, with the highest sequence similarity to Oerskovia turbata NRRL B-8019 (98.2%), and shared 98.1% sequence identity with other valid type strains of this genus. Digital DNA‒DNA hybridization (dDDH) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) showed 21.8-22.2% and 77.2-77.3% relatedness, respectively, between JB1-3-2 and type strains of the genus Oerskovia. Based on genotypic, phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic, physiological and biochemical characterization, Oerskovia flava, a novel species in the genus Oerskovia, was proposed, and the type strain was JB1-3-2 (= CGMCC 1.18555 = JCM 35248). Additionally, this novel strain has a DON degradation ability that other species in the genus Oerskovia do not possess, and glutathione-S-transferase was speculated to be the key enzyme for strain JB1-3-2 to degrade DON.
Topics: Soil Microbiology; Rhizosphere; Phylogeny; Cucumis sativus; Trichothecenes; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Fatty Acids; DNA, Bacterial; China; Base Composition; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Genome, Bacterial
PubMed: 38676821
DOI: 10.1007/s10482-024-01972-y -
Case Reports in Ophthalmology 2019To present a previously unreported cause of bacterial endophthalmitis manifesting as delayed post-traumatic endophthalmitis ultimately responsive to total capsulectomy.
PURPOSE
To present a previously unreported cause of bacterial endophthalmitis manifesting as delayed post-traumatic endophthalmitis ultimately responsive to total capsulectomy.
CASE REPORT
A patient presented with chronic endophthalmitis that occurred after ocular trauma with organic material and was eventually isolated. After a prolonged treatment course, including two pars plana vitrectomies and total capsulectomy, the patient achieved 20/80 visual acuity at 1-year follow-up.
CONCLUSION
This is the first reported patient with endophthalmitis due to , a Gram-positive bacillus found in soil that rarely causes human infection. The infection had a delayed presentation despite early prophylactic antibiotics and was ultimately eliminated with total capsulectomy. Removal of lens and lens capsule may be necessary in the management of post-traumatic endophthalmitis unresponsive to more conservative therapy, particularly in cases involving atypical organisms and lens capsule violation.
PubMed: 31607896
DOI: 10.1159/000502413 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2022Sialidase preparations are applied in structural and functional studies on sialoglycans, in the production of sialylated therapeutic proteins and synthetic substrates...
Sialidase preparations are applied in structural and functional studies on sialoglycans, in the production of sialylated therapeutic proteins and synthetic substrates for use in biochemical research, etc. They are obtained mainly from pathogenic microorganisms; therefore, the demand for apathogenic producers of sialidase is of exceptional importance for the safe production of this enzyme. Here, we report for the first time the presence of a sialidase gene and enzyme in the saprophytic actinomycete Oerskovia paurometabola strain O129. An electrophoretically pure, glycosylated enzyme with a molecular weight of 70 kDa was obtained after a two-step chromatographic procedure using DEAE cellulose and Q-sepharose. The biochemical characterization showed that the enzyme is extracellular, inductive, and able to cleave α(2→3,6,8) linked sialic acids with preference for α(2→3) bonds. The enzyme production was strongly induced by glycomacropeptide (GMP) from milk whey, as well as by sialic acid. Investigation of the deduced amino acid sequence revealed that the protein molecule has the typical six-bladed β-propeller structure and contains all features of bacterial sialidases, i.e., an YRIP motif, five Asp-boxes, and the conserved amino acids in the active site. The presence of an unusual signal peptide of 40 amino acids was predicted. The sialidase-producing O. paurometabola O129 showed high and constant enzyme production. Together with its saprophytic nature, this makes it a reliable producer with high potential for industrial application.
Topics: Neuraminidase; Amino Acid Sequence; N-Acetylneuraminic Acid; Sialic Acids
PubMed: 36558051
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248922 -
Molecular Pharmaceutics Feb 2021The poor healing associated with chronic wounds affects millions of people worldwide through high mortality rates and associated costs. Chronic wounds present three main...
The poor healing associated with chronic wounds affects millions of people worldwide through high mortality rates and associated costs. Chronic wounds present three main problems: First, the absence of a suitable environment to facilitate cell migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis; second, bacterial infection; and third, unbalanced and prolonged inflammation. Unfortunately, current therapeutic approaches have not been able to overcome these main issues and, therefore, have limited clinical success. Over the past decade, incorporating the unique advantages of nanomedicine into wound healing approaches has yielded promising outcomes. Nanomedicine is capable of stimulating various cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the wound microenvironment via antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and angiogenetic effects, potentially reversing the wound microenvironment from nonhealing to healing. This review briefly discusses wound healing mechanisms and pathophysiology and then highlights recent findings regarding the opportunities and challenges of using nanomedicine in chronic wound management.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Angiogenesis Inducing Agents; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Bandages; Chronic Disease; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Carriers; Drug Compounding; Humans; Hydrogels; Nanoparticles; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Photosensitizing Agents; Photothermal Therapy; Skin; Theranostic Nanomedicine; Wound Healing
PubMed: 32519875
DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00346 -
Current Microbiology Jun 2020This work aims at functional studies of the multienzyme complexes produced by Oerskovia turbata JCM 3160 and reveal of their subunit structures. The multienzyme...
This work aims at functional studies of the multienzyme complexes produced by Oerskovia turbata JCM 3160 and reveal of their subunit structures. The multienzyme complexes were isolated, enzymatic assayed, the whole genome sequence was determined in fine scale, and the subunit structure was identified by Maldi-TOF mass spectrometry. The isolated multienzyme complexes here show similar particle size with the xylanosomes produced by Cellulosimicrobium cellulans F16, have at least two conserved multi-domain proteins, while differ significantly in enzymatic activities and low molecular weight subunit compositions. This is the first report of the enzymatic activities and subunit structures of xylanosome produced by Oerskovia turbata, providing insights into its diverse capability as well as degrading bias on hemicelluloses.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Bacterial Proteins; Genome, Bacterial; Molecular Weight; Multienzyme Complexes; Phylogeny; Polysaccharides; Protein Subunits; Proteomics; Substrate Specificity; Xylans
PubMed: 31980859
DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-01887-7 -
Environmental Microbiology Feb 2024Ancient environmental samples, including permafrost soils and frozen animal remains, represent an archive with microbial communities that have barely been explored. This...
Ancient environmental samples, including permafrost soils and frozen animal remains, represent an archive with microbial communities that have barely been explored. This yet unexplored microbial world is a genetic resource that may provide us with new evolutionary insights into recent genomic changes, as well as novel metabolic pathways and chemistry. Here, we describe Actinomycetota Micromonospora, Oerskovia, Saccharopolyspora, Sanguibacter and Streptomyces species were successfully revived and their genome sequences resolved. Surprisingly, the genomes of these bacteria from an ancient source show a large phylogenetic distance to known strains and harbour many novel biosynthetic gene clusters that may well represent uncharacterised biosynthetic potential. Metabolic profiles of the strains display the production of known molecules like antimycin, conglobatin and macrotetrolides, but the majority of the mass features could not be dereplicated. Our work provides insights into Actinomycetota isolated from an ancient source, yielding unexplored genomic information that is not yet present in current databases.
Topics: Animals; Phylogeny; Mammoths; Genomics; Streptomyces; Actinomycetales; Feces
PubMed: 38356049
DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16589 -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Mar 2020The biodegradation of dyes remains one of the biggest challenges of textile wastewater. Azo dyes are one of the most commonly employed dye classes, and biological...
The biodegradation of dyes remains one of the biggest challenges of textile wastewater. Azo dyes are one of the most commonly employed dye classes, and biological treatment processes tend to generate recalcitrant aromatic amines, which are more toxic than the parent dye molecule. This study aimed to isolate bacterial strains with the capacity to degrade both the azo dye and the resulting aromatic amines towards the development of a simple and reliable treatment approach for dye-laden wastewaters. A mixed bacterial enrichment was first developed in an anaerobic-aerobic lab-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) fed with a synthetic textile wastewater containing the model textile azo dye Acid Red 14 (AR14). Eighteen bacterial strains were isolated from the SBR, including members of the Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas and Oerskovia genera, Oerskovia paurometabola presenting the highest decolorization capacity (91% after 24 h in static anaerobic culture). Growth assays supported that this is a facultative bacterium, and decolorization batch tests with 20-100 mg AR14 L in a synthetic textile wastewater supplemented with yeast extract indicated that O. paurometabola has a high color removal capacity for a significant range of AR14 concentrations. In addition, a model typically used to describe biodegradation of xenobiotic compounds was adjusted to the results, to predict AR14 biodegradation time profiles at different initial concentrations. HPLC analysis confirmed that decolorization occurred through azo bond reduction under anaerobic conditions, the azo dye being completely reduced after 24 h of anaerobic incubation for the range of concentrations tested. Interestingly, partial (up to 63%) removal of one of the resulting aromatic amines (4-amino-naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid) was observed when subsequently subjected to aerobic conditions. Overall, this work showed the azo dye biodegradation potential of specific bacterial strains isolated from mixed culture bioreactors, reporting for the first time the decolorization capacity of an Oerskovia sp. with further biodegradation of a recalcitrant sulfonated aromatic amine metabolite.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Amines; Azo Compounds; Bacteria; Biodegradation, Environmental; Bioreactors; Color; Coloring Agents; Textiles; Wastewater; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 31796253
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110007