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Cell Jan 2020Molecular interactions at the cellular interface mediate organized assembly of single cells into tissues and, thus, govern the development and physiology of...
Molecular interactions at the cellular interface mediate organized assembly of single cells into tissues and, thus, govern the development and physiology of multicellular organisms. Here, we developed a cell-type-specific, spatiotemporally resolved approach to profile cell-surface proteomes in intact tissues. Quantitative profiling of cell-surface proteomes of Drosophila olfactory projection neurons (PNs) in pupae and adults revealed global downregulation of wiring molecules and upregulation of synaptic molecules in the transition from developing to mature PNs. A proteome-instructed in vivo screen identified 20 cell-surface molecules regulating neural circuit assembly, many of which belong to evolutionarily conserved protein families not previously linked to neural development. Genetic analysis further revealed that the lipoprotein receptor LRP1 cell-autonomously controls PN dendrite targeting, contributing to the formation of a precise olfactory map. These findings highlight the power of temporally resolved in situ cell-surface proteomic profiling in discovering regulators of brain wiring.
Topics: Animals; Axons; Brain; Dendrites; Drosophila Proteins; Drosophila melanogaster; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Membrane Proteins; Neurogenesis; Olfactory Nerve; Olfactory Pathways; Olfactory Receptor Neurons; Proteomics; Receptors, Lipoprotein; Smell
PubMed: 31955847
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.12.029 -
Seminars in Ultrasound, CT, and MR Oct 2022The human sense of smell is the unique sense through which the olfactory system can identify aromatic molecules within the air and provide a taste sensation. Still, also...
The human sense of smell is the unique sense through which the olfactory system can identify aromatic molecules within the air and provide a taste sensation. Still, also it plays an essential role in several other functions, warning about environmental safety and even impacts our emotional lives. Recently, olfactory impairment has become an issue of interest due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The dysfunction may vary from only reduced smell detection (hyposmia) to complete loss of it (anosmia) but also includes changes in the normal perception of odors (parosmia). Computed tomography and magnetic imaging resonance are the modalities of choice to evaluate the olfactory pathways. Computed tomography is the initial imaging modality for olfactory disturbances, allowing recognition of sinonasal pathologies, inflammatory processes, or bone-related tumors. Magnetic imaging resonance with dedicated protocols for olfactory disorders enables a detailed assessment of the sinonasal compartment and the anterior cranial fossa. Provides a better depiction of olfactory bulb volume, morphology and signal intensity, as well the status of signal intensity of the central olfactory projection areas. Several diseases can affect the olfactory nerve, such as congenital disorders, trauma, inflammatory or infectious diseases, neoplasms, and even post-operative involvement. This article aims to review the normal anatomy of the olfactory nerve pathway and highlight the spectrum of conditions that most commonly affect it.
Topics: COVID-19; Humans; Olfaction Disorders; Olfactory Bulb; Olfactory Nerve; Pandemics
PubMed: 36116849
DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2022.04.001 -
Therapeutics and Clinical Risk... 2022The olfactory nerve (ON) is the only cranial nerve exposed to the external environment. Hence, it is susceptible to damage from head trauma, viral infection,... (Review)
Review
The olfactory nerve (ON) is the only cranial nerve exposed to the external environment. Hence, it is susceptible to damage from head trauma, viral infection, inflammatory stimulation, and chemical toxins, which can lead to olfactory dysfunction. However, compared with all other cranial nerves, the ON is unique due to its inherent ability to regenerate. This characteristic provides a theoretical basis for treatment of olfactory dysfunction. Olfactory training (OT) is one of the main treatments for olfactory dysfunction. It is easy to apply and has few side-effects, and has been shown to be efficacious for patients with olfactory dysfunction of various causes. To further understand the application value of ON regeneration and OT on olfactory dysfunction, we review the research progress on the mechanism of ON regeneration and OT.
PubMed: 35281777
DOI: 10.2147/TCRM.S354695