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Bulletin Du Cancer Jan 2021The editorial committee of the Bulletin du Cancer is proud to comply with his annual analysis of some of the worldwide updates in oncology that emerge in 2020. We know... (Review)
Review
The editorial committee of the Bulletin du Cancer is proud to comply with his annual analysis of some of the worldwide updates in oncology that emerge in 2020. We know that all new breakthroughs will not be addressed and apologise for not being comprehensive, but we hope that the topics deciphered herein will bring the reader interesting information in his daily practice in gyneco-oncology, uro-oncology, neuro-oncology, digestive oncology, pneumo-oncology, hemato-oncology, pediatric oncology, or in palliative care.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Brain Neoplasms; Digestive System Neoplasms; Female; Genital Neoplasms, Female; Glioblastoma; Hematologic Neoplasms; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Medical Oncology; Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Unknown Primary; Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant; Urologic Neoplasms
PubMed: 33419531
DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2020.12.002 -
Current Oncology (Toronto, Ont.) Aug 2019For patients who are diagnosed with early-stage cutaneous melanoma, the principal therapy is wide surgical excision of the primary tumour and assessment of lymph nodes....
BACKGROUND
For patients who are diagnosed with early-stage cutaneous melanoma, the principal therapy is wide surgical excision of the primary tumour and assessment of lymph nodes. The purpose of the present guideline was to update the 2010 Cancer Care Ontario guideline on wide local excision margins and sentinel lymph node biopsy (slnb), including treatment of the positive sentinel node, for melanomas of the trunk, extremities, and head and neck.
METHODS
Using Ovid, the medline and embase electronic databases were systematically searched for systematic reviews and primary literature evaluating narrow compared with wide excision margins and the use of slnb for melanoma of the truck and extremities and of the head and neck. Search timelines ran from 2010 through week 25 of 2017.
RESULTS
Four systematic reviews were chosen for inclusion in the evidence base. Where systematic reviews were available, the search of the primary literature was conducted starting from the end date of the search in the reviews. Where systematic reviews were absent, the search for primary literature ran from 2010 forward. Of 1213 primary studies identified, 8 met the inclusion criteria. Two randomized controlled trials were used to inform the recommendation on completion lymph node dissection.Key updated recommendations include:■ Wide local excision margins should be 2 cm for melanomas of the trunk, extremities, and head and neck that exceed 2 mm in depth.■ slnb should be offered to patients with melanomas of the trunk, extremities, and head and neck that exceed 0.8 mm in depth.■ Patients with sentinel node metastasis should be considered for nodal observation with ultrasonography rather than for completion lymph node dissection.
CONCLUSIONS
Recommendations for primary excision margins, sentinel lymph node biopsy, and completion lymph node dissection in patients with cutaneous melanoma have been updated based on the current literature.
Topics: Disease-Free Survival; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Lymph Node Excision; Lymphatic Metastasis; Margins of Excision; Melanoma; Ontario; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy; Skin Neoplasms; Systematic Reviews as Topic; Treatment Outcome; Melanoma, Cutaneous Malignant
PubMed: 31548823
DOI: 10.3747/co.26.4885 -
Advances in Experimental Medicine and... 2022Precision oncology is a novel research field and approach to cancer care which leverages high-throughput sequencing technologies and bioinformatics pipelines to... (Review)
Review
Precision oncology is a novel research field and approach to cancer care which leverages high-throughput sequencing technologies and bioinformatics pipelines to determine diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of patients in a personalized manner. This chapter provides an overview of a typical precision oncology software platform, from raw data to patient reports. Standard and advanced analytical components are described and discussed, along with their strengths and limitations, in general and in the context of a precision oncology application for advanced cancer patients.
Topics: Computational Biology; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Medical Oncology; Neoplasms; Precision Medicine
PubMed: 35230680
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-91836-1_1 -
Oncology 2020In the era of personalized and precision medicine, informatics technologies utilizing machine learning (ML) and quantitative imaging are witnessing a rapidly increasing... (Review)
Review
In the era of personalized and precision medicine, informatics technologies utilizing machine learning (ML) and quantitative imaging are witnessing a rapidly increasing role in medicine in general and in oncology in particular. This expanding role ranges from computer-aided diagnosis to decision support of treatments with the potential to transform the current landscape of cancer management. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of ML methodologies and imaging informatics techniques and their recent application in modern oncology. We will review example applications of ML in oncology from the literature, identify current challenges and highlight future potentials.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Machine Learning; Medical Oncology; Neoplasms; Precision Medicine
PubMed: 30472716
DOI: 10.1159/000493575 -
Seminars in Radiation Oncology Apr 2020
Topics: Combined Modality Therapy; Humans; Immunotherapy; Neoplasms; Radiation Oncology
PubMed: 32381290
DOI: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2020.01.001 -
The Veterinary Clinics of North... May 2024Interventional oncology (IO) is a rapidly growing field in veterinary medicine and has been accepted as a fourth pillar of treatment of neoplastic disease with other... (Review)
Review
Interventional oncology (IO) is a rapidly growing field in veterinary medicine and has been accepted as a fourth pillar of treatment of neoplastic disease with other modalities including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. The major categories of IO therapies in companion animals are focused on the use of locoregional therapies and stenting of malignant obstructions. Although significant assessment of veterinary IO techniques is still necessary, early evaluation of these varying techniques is demonstrating promising results.
Topics: Animals; Neoplasms; Medical Oncology; Stents; Radiology, Interventional
PubMed: 38184437
DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.12.005 -
Seminars in Cancer Biology Sep 2022Despite huge advances in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric cancers over the past several decades, it remains one of the leading causes of death during childhood... (Review)
Review
Despite huge advances in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric cancers over the past several decades, it remains one of the leading causes of death during childhood in developed countries. The development of new targeted treatments for these diseases has been hampered by two major factors. First, the extremely heterogeneous nature of the types of tumors encountered in this age group, and their fundamental differences from common adult carcinomas, has made it hard to truly get a handle on the complexities of the underlying biology driving tumor growth. Second, a reluctance of the pharmaceutical industry to develop products or trials for this population due to the relatively small size of the 'market', and a too-easy mechanism of obtaining waivers for pediatric development of adult oncology drugs based on disease type rather than mechanism of action, led to significant difficulties in getting access to new drugs. Thankfully, the field has now started to change, both scientifically and from a regulatory perspective, in order to address some of these challenges. In this review, we will examine some of the recent insights into molecular features which make pediatric tumors so unique and how these might represent therapeutic targets; highlight ongoing international initiatives for providing comprehensive, personalized genomic profiling of childhood tumors in a clinically-relevant timeframe, and look briefly at where the field of pediatric precision oncology may be heading in future.
Topics: Child; Genomics; Humans; Medical Oncology; Neoplasms; Precision Medicine
PubMed: 34116162
DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.06.008 -
Cancer Discovery Apr 2022Globalizing precision oncology should be a major priority for cancer care in the upcoming decades. In this issue, the K-MASTER study provides a framework for...
Globalizing precision oncology should be a major priority for cancer care in the upcoming decades. In this issue, the K-MASTER study provides a framework for infrastructure building in East Asia illustrating the widening global potential of precision oncology. It is time to modify the precision oncology mantra: Give the right drug, to the right patient, at the right time in every country, to think globally and act locally. See related article by Park et al., p. 938 (3).
Topics: Humans; Medical Oncology; Neoplasms; Precision Medicine
PubMed: 35373284
DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-22-0024 -
Current Oncology (Toronto, Ont.) Feb 2020Soft-tissue sarcoma (sts) is rare and represents approximately 7% of cancers in children and in adolescents less than 20 years of age. Rhabdomyosarcoma (rms) is most... (Review)
Review
Soft-tissue sarcoma (sts) is rare and represents approximately 7% of cancers in children and in adolescents less than 20 years of age. Rhabdomyosarcoma (rms) is most prevalent in children less than 10 years of age and peaks again during adolescence (16-19 years of age). Multi-agent chemotherapy constitutes the mainstay of treatment for rms. In other non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft-tissue tumours, such as synovial sarcoma, evidence for routine use of chemotherapy is less robust, and alternative treatment options, including targeted agents and immunotherapy, are being explored. In this review, we focus on chemotherapy for pediatric-type rms and discuss the advances and challenges in systemic treatment for select non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft-tissue tumours in children and adolescents. We support an increasingly cooperative approach for treating pediatric and adult sts.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Sarcoma; Soft Tissue Neoplasms; Young Adult
PubMed: 32174753
DOI: 10.3747/co.27.5481 -
Recent Results in Cancer Research.... 2020The spatiotemporal determination of molecular events and cells is important for understanding disease processes, especially in oncology, and thus for the development of... (Review)
Review
The spatiotemporal determination of molecular events and cells is important for understanding disease processes, especially in oncology, and thus for the development of novel treatments. Equally important is the knowledge of the biodistribution, localization, and targeted accumulation of novel therapies as well as monitoring of tumor growth and therapeutic response. Optical imaging provides an ideal versatile platform for imaging of all these problems and questions.
Topics: Humans; Medical Oncology; Neoplasms; Photoacoustic Techniques; Tissue Distribution
PubMed: 32594395
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-42618-7_13