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Current Oncology (Toronto, Ont.) Apr 2020The years since 2009 have seen tremendous progress in unlocking the curative potential of the immune system for the treatment of cancer. Much of that revolution in... (Review)
Review
The years since 2009 have seen tremendous progress in unlocking the curative potential of the immune system for the treatment of cancer. Much of that revolution in immuno-oncology has been fueled by the clinical success of immune checkpoint inhibitors, particularly those targeting the PD-1 axis. Unfortunately, many patients still fail to benefit from checkpoint blockade or other immunotherapies. An inability to fully activate antitumour T cells contributes in part to the failure of those therapies. Here, we review the basic biology of T cell activation, with particular emphasis on the essential role of the dendritic cell and the innate immune system in T cell activation. The current understanding of the multiple factors that govern T cell activation and how they impinge on tumour immunotherapy are also discussed. Lastly, treatment strategies to potentially overcome barriers to T cell activation and to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy are addressed.
Topics: Humans; Immunotherapy; Neoplasms; T-Lymphocytes
PubMed: 32368179
DOI: 10.3747/co.27.5285 -
Current Oncology (Toronto, Ont.) Aug 2022Highly complex and multi-dimensional medical data containing clinical, radiologic, pathologic, and sociodemographic information have the potential to advance precision...
Highly complex and multi-dimensional medical data containing clinical, radiologic, pathologic, and sociodemographic information have the potential to advance precision oncology [...].
Topics: Artificial Intelligence; Early Detection of Cancer; Humans; Medical Oncology; Neoplasms; Precision Medicine
PubMed: 36005187
DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29080449 -
Current Oncology (Toronto, Ont.) Apr 2020Systemic therapy is an essential part of treatment for all patients with small-cell lung cancer (sclc) and for most patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (nsclc).... (Review)
Review
Systemic therapy is an essential part of treatment for all patients with small-cell lung cancer (sclc) and for most patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (nsclc). Standards of care have evolved dramatically since 2009, especially in the setting of incurable or advanced nsclc. Part of that evolution has been the incorporation of immuno-oncology drugs, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors (icis) into multiple therapeutic scenarios. In the present review, we discuss the role of the immune system in lung cancer and the previous failures of immunotherapy for patients with lung cancer. We then provide an overview of the existing evidence for the use of icis in patients with advanced nsclc that is either treatment-naïve or pretreated, for consolidative treatment after chemoradiotherapy in stage iii nsclc, and for palliative therapy in patients with sclc. Finally, we discuss duration of treatment, special populations, and the future of immuno-oncology for patients with lung cancer. Overall, we provide an evidence-based snapshot of immuno-oncology agents in the treatment of lung cancer up to early 2019.
Topics: Humans; Immunotherapy; Lung Neoplasms
PubMed: 32368177
DOI: 10.3747/co.27.5183 -
Tumori Dec 2021Oncology is going through the fastest innovation period in the history of medicine and a growing number of patients improve or experience increased chances of survival....
Oncology is going through the fastest innovation period in the history of medicine and a growing number of patients improve or experience increased chances of survival. The declining death rate, starting from 1991, resulted in 2.9 million deaths avoided in the United States so far. A growing prevalence of patients is observed in all Western countries. New cancer drug approvals between 2000 and 2016, linked to other diagnostic, surgical, and health care improvements, were significantly associated with death reduction for the most common cancers. Alongside many positive aspects, other effects of innovations in oncology also deserve attention, especially challenges associated with the substantial increase of knowledge volume, the sharp growth of prevalence, and a concomitant or consequent increase in clinical, social, and organizational complexity. We analyse some of the consequences of oncology innovation on healthcare systems and professionals and present some suggestions on how these could be addressed by healthcare systems.
Topics: Europe; Humans; Inventions; Medical Oncology; Neoplasms
PubMed: 34180297
DOI: 10.1177/03008916211027646 -
Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine Sep 2019The new aspect of oncometabolite can be an indicator of genetic and epigenetic change and cancer biomarker.
The new aspect of oncometabolite can be an indicator of genetic and epigenetic change and cancer biomarker.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers, Tumor; Cell Cycle; Cell Survival; Epigenomics; Humans; Medical Oncology; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Metabolome; Mutation; Neoplasms
PubMed: 31321921
DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.873 -
Seminars in Radiation Oncology Jan 2022Radiation therapy continues to break down technological barriers to deliver ionizing radiation with exceptional anatomical precision. However, some tumor types and...
Radiation therapy continues to break down technological barriers to deliver ionizing radiation with exceptional anatomical precision. However, some tumor types and subtypes exhibit intrinsic biological resistance to radiotherapy, which can result in unsuccessful tumor eradication or symptom palliation. Radiation resistance can result from alterations in diverse genetic, epigenetic, and metabolic pathways. Therapeutic targeting of these tumor-specific alterations may provide tumor-selective radiosensitization with relative sparing of adjacent normal tissues. This issue of Seminars in Radiation Oncology presents a series of articles that describe recent progress towards genomically-directed radiosensitization.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Radiation Oncology; Radiation Tolerance; Radiation, Ionizing
PubMed: 34861991
DOI: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2021.09.009 -
Trends in Cancer Oct 2019Mindsets - core assumptions about the nature and workings of things in the world - are a critical but relatively understudied variable that can influence mental and... (Review)
Review
Mindsets - core assumptions about the nature and workings of things in the world - are a critical but relatively understudied variable that can influence mental and physical health in patients with cancer. Precise, targeted psychological interventions aimed at instilling adaptive mindsets have the potential to transform supportive care in oncology.
Topics: Humans; Medical Oncology; Mind-Body Therapies; Neoplasms; Psychosocial Support Systems; Quality of Life
PubMed: 31706503
DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2019.08.001 -
Emerging Topics in Life Sciences Dec 2021A targeted cancer therapy is only useful if there is a way to accurately identify the tumors that are susceptible to that therapy. Thus rapid expansion in the number of... (Review)
Review
A targeted cancer therapy is only useful if there is a way to accurately identify the tumors that are susceptible to that therapy. Thus rapid expansion in the number of available targeted cancer treatments has been accompanied by a robust effort to subdivide the traditional histological and anatomical tumor classifications into molecularly defined subtypes. This review highlights the history of the paired evolution of targeted therapies and biomarkers, reviews currently used methods for subtype identification, and discusses challenges to the implementation of precision oncology as well as possible solutions.
Topics: Artificial Intelligence; Biomarkers; Humans; Medical Oncology; Neoplasms; Precision Medicine
PubMed: 34881776
DOI: 10.1042/ETLS20210212 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2024Cancer heterogeneity presents a major obstacle in clinical practice that grants tumor cells remarkable levels of resilience, adaptability, and invasiveness [...].
Cancer heterogeneity presents a major obstacle in clinical practice that grants tumor cells remarkable levels of resilience, adaptability, and invasiveness [...].
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Precision Medicine; Medical Oncology
PubMed: 38891765
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115577 -
Current Oncology (Toronto, Ont.) Nov 2020In recent years, the field of oncology has witnessed the unprecedented pace of genomics discovery, knowledge translation, and clinical research validation, which has led...
In recent years, the field of oncology has witnessed the unprecedented pace of genomics discovery, knowledge translation, and clinical research validation, which has led to novel systemic and locoregional therapeutics, an evolving role of immunotherapy, and a broader application of precision oncology [...].
Topics: Genomics; Humans; Immunotherapy; Medical Oncology; Neoplasms; Precision Medicine
PubMed: 33704111
DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28010002