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Wiadomosci Lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland :... 2021The aim: To obtain the first estimates of the current prevalence of healthcare-associated deep pelvic tissue infection and other infections of the female reproductive...
OBJECTIVE
The aim: To obtain the first estimates of the current prevalence of healthcare-associated deep pelvic tissue infection and other infections of the female reproductive tract (vagina, ovaries, uterus) including chorioamnionitis, and antimicrobial resistance of causing pathogens in Ukraine.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Materials and methods: We performed a retrospective multicenter cohort study was based on surveillance data. The study population included 3,053 women's who underwent gynecological surgery or other procedures from 2017 to 2019 in 7 women hospitals in Ukraine. Definitions of healthcare-associated reproductive tract infection were used from the CDC/ NHSN.
RESULTS
Results: The prevalence of healthcare-associated deep pelvic tissue infection and other infections of the female reproductive tract was 26.3%. Incidence of infection was: 13.3% Pelvic abscess or cellulitis, 14.6% Adnexa utery, 9.5% Salpingitis, 7.1% Oophoritis, 12.2% Parametritis, 4.6% Chorioamnionitis, and 38.8% Bacterial Vaginitis. The predominant pathogens were: Escherichia coli (25.6%), Enterobacter spp. (11.4%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.6%), Staphylococcus aureus (8.5%), Enterococcus faecalis (7.2%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7.1%). Methicillin-resistance was observed in 14.3% of S. aureus (MRSA). The overall proportion of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) production among Enterobacteriaceae was 20.8%. The prevalence of ESBL production among E. coli isolates was 24.7% and among K. pneumoniae 11.9%. Resistance to thirdgeneration cephalosporins was observed in 12.8% E.coli and 9.2% K. pneumoniae isolates. Carbapenem resistance was identified in 8.5% of P.aeruginosa isolates.
CONCLUSION
Conclusions: Healthcare associated deep pelvic tissue infection and other infections of the female reproductive tract in Ukraine is a common occurrence and many cases are caused by pathogens that are resistant to antibiotics.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cohort Studies; Cross Infection; Delivery of Health Care; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Escherichia coli; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Retrospective Studies; Staphylococcus aureus; Ukraine
PubMed: 33813441
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Infectious Diseases Nov 2019Zika virus (ZIKV) has become a global concern because infection of pregnant mothers was linked to congenital birth defects. Zika virus is unique from other flaviviruses,...
BACKGROUND
Zika virus (ZIKV) has become a global concern because infection of pregnant mothers was linked to congenital birth defects. Zika virus is unique from other flaviviruses, because it is transmitted vertically and sexually in addition to by mosquito vectors. Prior studies in mice, nonhuman primates, and humans have shown that ZIKV targets the testis in males, resulting in persistent infection and oligospermia. However, its effects on the corresponding female gonads have not been evaluated.
METHODS
In this study, we assessed the effects of ZIKV on the ovary in nonpregnant mice.
RESULTS
During the acute phase, ZIKV productively infected the ovary causing accumulation of CD4+ and virus-specific CD8+ T cells. T cells protected against ZIKV infection in the ovary, as higher viral burden was measured in CD8-/- and TCRβδ-/- mice. Increased cell death and tissue inflammation in the ovary was observed during the acute phase of infection, but this normalized over time.
CONCLUSIONS
In contrast to that observed with males, minimal persistence and no long-term consequences of ZIKV infection on ovarian follicular reserve or fertility were demonstrated in this model. Thus, although ZIKV replicates in cells of the ovary and causes acute oophoritis, there is rapid resolution and no long-term effects on fertility, at least in mice.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Fertility; Infertility, Female; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Oophoritis; T-Lymphocyte Subsets; Viral Load; Viral Tropism; Zika Virus; Zika Virus Infection
PubMed: 31063544
DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz239 -
Frontiers in Medicine 2022We present the case of a female patient with a heterozygous somatic BLNK mutation, a T-cell LGL (large granular lymphocyte) leukemia, and multiple autoimmune diseases....
We present the case of a female patient with a heterozygous somatic BLNK mutation, a T-cell LGL (large granular lymphocyte) leukemia, and multiple autoimmune diseases. Although this mutation seems uncommon especially in this kind of clinical observation, it could represent a new mechanism for autoimmune diseases associated with LGL leukemia. The patient developed several autoimmune diseases: pure red blood cell apalsia, thyroiditis, oophoritis, and alopecia areata. She also presented a T-cell LGL leukemia which required treatment with corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide, with good efficacy. Interestingly, she had no notable infectious history. The erythroblastopenia also resolved, the alopecia evolves by flare-ups, and the patient is still under hormonal supplementation for thyroiditis and oophoritis. We wanted to try to understand the unusual clinical picture presented by this patient. We therefore performed whole-genome sequencing, identifying a heterozygous somatic BLNK mutation. Her total gamma globulin level was slightly decreased. Regarding the lymphocyte subpopulations, she presented a B-cell deficiency with increased autoreactive B-cells and a CD4+ and Treg deficiency. This B-cell deficiency persisted after complete remission of erythroblastopenia and LGL leukemia. We propose that the persistent B-cell deficiency linked to the BLNK mutation can explain her clinical phenotype.
PubMed: 36465938
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.997161 -
Cureus Feb 2024Xanthogranulomatous salpingo-oophoritis is an infrequent and challenging inflammatory condition of the female genital tract. It involves the destruction of the fallopian...
Xanthogranulomatous salpingo-oophoritis is an infrequent and challenging inflammatory condition of the female genital tract. It involves the destruction of the fallopian tube and ovarian tissue by infiltrating inflammatory cells comprising lipid-laden macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and multinucleated giant cells. While more commonly found in other organs like the gallbladder and kidney, its occurrence in the female genital tract is rare. We present a case of xanthogranulomatous salpingo-oophoritis in a 45-year-old woman, shedding light on its diagnostic and clinical complexities. Notably, this case features a rare histopathological finding of coexisting salpingitis isthmic nodosa (SIN) with xanthogranulomatous inflammation, adding to its uniqueness.
PubMed: 38455808
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53693 -
Journal of Virology Jan 2020Mumps virus (MuV), an enveloped negative-strand RNA virus belonging to the family , enters the host cell through membrane fusion mediated by two viral envelope proteins,...
Disruption of the Dimer-Dimer Interaction of the Mumps Virus Attachment Protein Head Domain, Aided by an Anion Located at the Interface, Compromises Membrane Fusion Triggering.
Mumps virus (MuV), an enveloped negative-strand RNA virus belonging to the family , enters the host cell through membrane fusion mediated by two viral envelope proteins, an attachment protein hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (MuV-HN) and a fusion (F) protein. However, how the binding of MuV-HN to glycan receptors triggers membrane fusion is not well understood. The crystal structure of the MuV-HN head domain forms a tetramer (dimer of dimers) like other paramyxovirus attachment proteins. In the structure, a sulfate ion (SO) was found at the interface between two dimers, which may be replaced by a hydrogen phosphate ion (HPO) under physiological conditions. The anion is captured by the side chain of a positively charged arginine residue at position 139 of one monomer each from both dimers. Substitution of alanine or lysine for arginine at this position compromised the fusion support activity of MuV-HN without affecting its cell surface expression, glycan-receptor binding, and interaction with the F protein. Furthermore, the substitution appeared to affect the tetramer formation of the head domain as revealed by blue native-PAGE analysis. These results, together with our previous similar findings with the measles virus attachment protein head domain, suggest that the dimer-dimer interaction within the tetramer may play an important role in triggering membrane fusion during paramyxovirus entry. Despite the use of effective live vaccines, mumps outbreaks still occur worldwide. Mumps virus (MuV) infection typically causes flu-like symptoms and parotid gland swelling but sometimes leads to orchitis, oophoritis, and neurological complications, such as meningitis, encephalitis, and deafness. MuV enters the host cell through membrane fusion mediated by two viral proteins, a receptor-binding attachment protein, and a fusion protein, but its detailed mechanism is not fully understood. In this study, we show that the tetramer (dimer of dimers) formation of the MuV attachment protein head domain is supported by an anion located at the interface between two dimers and that the dimer-dimer interaction plays an important role in triggering the activation of the fusion protein and causing membrane fusion. These results not only further our understanding of MuV entry but provide useful information about a possible target for antiviral drugs.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; HEK293 Cells; Humans; Membrane Fusion; Mumps virus; Mutation, Missense; Phosphates; Protein Domains; Protein Multimerization; Sulfates; Viral Fusion Proteins; Virus Attachment; Virus Internalization
PubMed: 31619562
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01732-19 -
Journal of Epidemiology Aug 2021Mumps vaccination coverage is low in Japan, partly because of its voluntary nature. Although pediatric cases of mumps virus infection are captured by the National...
BACKGROUND
Mumps vaccination coverage is low in Japan, partly because of its voluntary nature. Although pediatric cases of mumps virus infection are captured by the National Epidemiological Surveillance of Infectious Diseases program under the Infectious Disease Law, there are currently no data regarding the occurrence of mumps and its complications in adults.
METHODS
We investigated the annual incidence rates of mumps and its complications based on health insurance reimbursement data for 5,209,660 individuals aged 0-64 years for 2005-2017, obtained from JMDC Inc., to estimate the mumps-related disease burden during this period.
RESULTS
There were three mumps outbreaks (2006, 2010, and 2016) during 2005-2017. The annual incidence of mumps was highest in individuals aged 0-5 years (808-3,792 per 100,000 persons), followed by those aged 6-15 years (658-2,141 per 100,000 persons). The incidence of mumps was higher in females than in males (male/female ratio, 0.90). Among mumps-related complications, the overall incidence (per 1,000 mumps cases) was highest for orchitis (6.6), followed by meningitis (5.8), deafness (1.3), pancreatitis (0.5), and encephalitis (0.3). No cases of oophoritis were noted. The overall incidence of mumps-related complications was 2.5 times higher in males than in females.
CONCLUSIONS
This study revealed the disease burden due to mumps and its complications in Japan during 2005-2017. These data suggest the need for mumps-prevention measures in adolescents and adults, as well as in children.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Cost of Illness; Disease Outbreaks; Female; Humans; Incidence; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Insurance, Health, Reimbursement; Japan; Male; Middle Aged; Mumps; Young Adult
PubMed: 32684528
DOI: 10.2188/jea.JE20200048 -
Minerva Obstetrics and Gynecology Feb 2023Saline infusion sonohysterography (SIS) is useful for evaluating intrauterine pathology, particularly for patients with abnormal uterine bleeding and during assessment...
Saline infusion sonohysterography (SIS) is useful for evaluating intrauterine pathology, particularly for patients with abnormal uterine bleeding and during assessment of infertility. Infectious complications are relatively rare, and tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA) after SIS has only been reported once in the literature. We present two additional cases of TOA after SIS that presented to our institution. First, a 40-year-old female with known endometriosis and bilateral tubal occlusion, presented with ruptured TOA fifteen days after SIS during fertility evaluation. The second, a 45-year-old female with endometriomas and a hydrosalpinx identified on SIS, diagnosed with TOAs four days after SIS for abnormal uterine bleeding evaluation. While hysterosalpingogram has defined antibiotic prophylaxis criteria, and despite likely similar mechanisms for ascending infections, current guidelines do not recommend prophylaxis after SIS. These cases suggest infectious complications, such as TOA, after SIS may be more common than previously reported, and as demonstrated by these cases can have serious clinical consequences for patients. Furthermore, by comparing to a technically similar procedure as HSG, it may be reasonable to consider if certain patients at high risk of complication may benefit from antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent serious clinical infections.
Topics: Female; Humans; Adult; Middle Aged; Abscess; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Abdominal Abscess; Ultrasonography; Uterine Diseases; Oophoritis; Salpingitis; Endometriosis; Saline Solution; Uterine Hemorrhage
PubMed: 36790400
DOI: 10.23736/S2724-606X.22.05070-9 -
Health Science Reports Jul 2023Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been considered an important involved factor for infertility. Since one of the causes of decreased ovarian reserve is oophoritis...
BACKGROUND
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been considered an important involved factor for infertility. Since one of the causes of decreased ovarian reserve is oophoritis due to viral infections, this study aimed to evaluated the association between HPV infection and ovarian reserve.
METHODS
This case-control study was performed on 219 women aged 25-35 years who were referred to the gynecologic oncology clinic during 2019-2020. The positive or negative HPV infection was confirmed by cervical biopsy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. Cervical lesions or abnormalities in the cervix were assessed by colposcopy and histopathological analysis. Serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels were measured for all participants to assess ovarian reserve.
RESULTS
The results of this study showed that in patients who were HPV positive, decreased ovarian reserve was more common than in the HPV negative group ( = 0.0001). Also, there was a significant difference between Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) I and CIN III sub-groups in AMH level ( = 0.0001).
CONCLUSIONS
Traces of HPV have been observed in various aspects of infertility, but no study has been performed on its association with ovarian reserve. According to the results of this study, decreased ovarian reserve was more common in patients who were HPV positive.
PubMed: 37484059
DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1343 -
Avian Diseases Dec 2019is a genus of the family of . It is well known as a commensal inhabitant of the respiratory and reproductive tract of healthy chickens. But in the last years, is...
is a genus of the family of . It is well known as a commensal inhabitant of the respiratory and reproductive tract of healthy chickens. But in the last years, is increasingly reported in field cases with a decrease in laying performance due to infections of the reproductive tract. The aim of the present study was to investigate the implication of infection in layer flocks facing a decrease in laying performance in Morocco. Birds were received from five different laying hen farms in two regions in Morocco showing a drop of egg production. Necropsy revealed 46.1 % (24/52) of sampled birds showed variable lesions in ovaries, salpinx, and trachea. In fact, 24 birds were affected by salpingitis, 18 by oophoritis, and 11 birds by atrophy of ovaries. Furthermore, tracheitis was observed in 24 birds. Bacteriological investigation was done from different organs, and was found in ovaries ( = 20), trachea ( = 17), and cloaca ( = 3). Identification was based on growth morphology, Gram staining, and biochemical properties. Additionally, polymerase chain reaction test using specific primers for the genus identification was carried out. All isolates showed bands of 925 bp specific for expressing the virulent toxin GtxA. Antibiotic resistance testing was performed and revealed that isolates were sensitive to enrofloxacin, florfenicol, and gentamycin but resistant to ampicillin, erythromycin, oxytetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. The present study is the first report of in Morocco, demonstrating the need for further epidemiologic investigations as well as in regard to antibiotic resistance development.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Morocco; Pasteurellaceae; Pasteurellaceae Infections; Poultry Diseases; Reproduction
PubMed: 31865689
DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-D-19-00119 -
Effect of GnRH agonist (deslorelin) on reproductive activity in captive female veiled chameleons ().Veterinarni Medicina Jul 2023Eighteen 5 months old veiled chameleon females () were used in the study. Seven females received subcutaneous implants with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist...
Eighteen 5 months old veiled chameleon females () were used in the study. Seven females received subcutaneous implants with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH) deslorelin acetate whereas eleven females were used as control animals without any implants. Females were kept in five terraria, in groups of four females (in 3 terraria) and groups of three females (in 2 terraria), respectively. A minimum of one female with GnRH implants was present in each terrarium. They were kept under standard husbandry conditions. Females of both groups (females with GnRH and controls, respectively) were monitored for three years. No differences between females with GnRH implants and females without GnRH implants were observed with respect to the presence of large ovarian follicles, number of eggs/female, or number of clutches/female. GnRH implants did not prevent spontaneous reproductive activity in any of the 7 females with implants. Ovariectomy was performed in 8 females (4 females with GnRH implants and 4 control females). Ten females (3 females with GnRH implants and 7 control females) had to be euthanised. In 17 of 18 female veiled chameleons of this study histologic examination revealed heterophilic granulomatous oophoritis. The use of GnRH agonist implants did not prove to be an appropriate method for the control of reproductive function in captive female veiled chameleons.
PubMed: 37982053
DOI: 10.17221/31/2023-VETMED