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International Orthodontics Jun 2020This study aimed to compare cranial base linear and angular measurements between individuals with skeletal open bite and different sagittal skeletal relationships. (Observational Study)
Observational Study
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to compare cranial base linear and angular measurements between individuals with skeletal open bite and different sagittal skeletal relationships.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This observational and cross-sectional study included 101 lateral radiographs of young Latin-American individuals with skeletal open bite that met the inclusion criteria and were collected from a private radiological centre. Three groups were formed. Groups 1, 2 and 3 included individuals with skeletal open bite (negative overbite and FMA>30°) and Class I (n=31), II (n=35) and III (n=35) sagittal skeletal relationship, respectively. The anterior and posterior cranial bases (SN and SBa), and cranial base angles (BaSN and ArSN) were measured. Groups were compared with one-way analysis of variance and post-hoc Scheffé tests. The influence of predictor variables on the cranial base were evaluated with linear regressions (α=0.05).
RESULTS
The cranial base angles were significantly smaller (approximately 3° to 5°) in the skeletal open bite Class III group (BaSN=127.97°± 5.86°, ArSN=120.19°±6.12°) when compared with the other groups. BaSN angle, Class I versus Class III (p<0.001) and Class II versus Class III (p<0.001). ArSN angle, Class I versus Class III (p=0.005) and Class II versus Class III (p=0.026). Multiple linear regressions showed that sex had a significant influence on both cranial base dimensions with men showing larger values than women.
CONCLUSIONS
Skeletal open bite Class III individuals show a smaller cranial base angle than Skeletal open bite Class I or II individuals.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Cephalometry; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Linear Models; Male; Malocclusion; Open Bite; Skull Base
PubMed: 32037207
DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2020.01.002 -
L' Orthodontie Francaise Dec 2021Amelogenesis imperfecta is a genetic disease, characterized by a structural defect of the enamel and has variable clinical expressions. It can be isolated or associated... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Amelogenesis imperfecta is a genetic disease, characterized by a structural defect of the enamel and has variable clinical expressions. It can be isolated or associated as part of a syndrome. Three clinical forms exist: hypoplastic, hypomature and hypomineralized.
DISCUSSION
Enamel fragility involves dentin exposure and dental hypersensitivity as frequent consequences. Some severe forms are mainly associated with an anterior open bite. The care of these patients constitutes a real challenge for the dentist. Materials et Methods: A literature review was carried out using the PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus interfaces over the past ten years in order to highlight the different treatment options available.
CONCLUSION
From conservative to surgical treatment, it is necessary to develop a collaboration between the orthodontist and the pediatric dentist in order to offer multidisciplinary care adapted to the patient's needs.
Topics: Amelogenesis Imperfecta; Child; Humans; Open Bite
PubMed: 34911673
DOI: 10.1684/orthodfr.2021.64 -
Cranio : the Journal of... Sep 2022To compare the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) position and shape between skeletal Class I subjects with different degrees of deep overbite or open bite and unaffected...
OBJECTIVE
To compare the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) position and shape between skeletal Class I subjects with different degrees of deep overbite or open bite and unaffected peers.
METHODS
Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 90 participants, equally divided into deep bite, open bite, and control groups (DBG, OBG, and CG, respectively), were analyzed. The DBG and OBG were further subdivided into three subgroups based on the severity. Linear and angular measurements were used to determine the positional and morphological characteristics of the TMJ.
RESULTS
DBG showed significantly larger superior joint space, anterior inclination of the condyle, and articular eminence inclination than CG and OBG. The severity of deep bite and open bite significantly influenced the TMJ position and morphology.
CONCLUSION
In severe deep overbite and open bite cases, there were considerable alterations in TMJ components, most likely as a result of functional demands.
PubMed: 36154613
DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2022.2126918 -
Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral... Feb 2022The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of condylar degeneration in patients with anterior open bites (AOB).
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of condylar degeneration in patients with anterior open bites (AOB).
STUDY DESIGN
Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of 194 patients with AOB (108 with skeletal open bites and 86 with dental open bites) and 100 patients serving as controls were included in this retrospective study. Two oral and maxillofacial radiologists categorized each of the 588 condyles as normal, degenerative-active, or degenerative-repair. The χ analysis with Bonferroni adjustment was used to evaluate the relationship of condylar status (normal vs degenerative) to anterior open bites.
RESULTS
Of the 103 degenerative condyles, there were 59 in the group with skeletal open bites, 14 in the group with dental open bites, and 30 in the control group. Condylar degeneration occurred twice as frequently in patients with skeletal open bites as it did in the control group (P < .0001). Conversely, a greater frequency of normal condyles was found in the group of patients with dental open bites (P = .0002). The group with skeletal open bites also showed a significantly higher frequency of bilateral degenerative condyles (P = .0001). The frequency of condylar degeneration did not differ significantly between female and male individuals.
CONCLUSIONS
Degenerative condylar change was significantly more likely in patients with skeletal open bites and less likely in patients with dental open bites.
Topics: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Female; Humans; Male; Mandibular Condyle; Open Bite; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 34503937
DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2021.07.019 -
Korean Journal of Orthodontics May 2022The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness and mechanism of clear aligner therapy for the correction of anterior open bite in adult nonextraction cases.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness and mechanism of clear aligner therapy for the correction of anterior open bite in adult nonextraction cases.
METHODS
Sixty-nine adult patients with anterior open bite were enrolled and classified into Angle's Class I, II, and III groups. Fifty patients presented with skeletal open bite (mandibular plane angle [MPA] ≥ 38°), whereas 19 presented with dental open bite. Fifteen cephalometric landmarks were identified before (T1) and after (T2) treatment. The magnitudes of planned and actual movements of the incisors and molars were calculated.
RESULTS
Positive overbite was achieved in 94% patients, with a mean final overbite of 1.1 ± 0.8 mm. The mean change in overbite was 3.3 ± 1.4 mm. With clear aligners alone, 0.36 ± 0.58 mm of maxillary molar intrusion was achieved. Compared with the Class I group, the Class II group showed greater maxillary molar intrusion and MPA reduction. The Class III group showed greater mandibular incisor extrusion with no significant vertical skeletal changes.
CONCLUSIONS
Clear aligners can be effective in controlling the vertical dimension and correcting mild to moderate anterior open bite in adult nonextraction cases. The treatment mechanism for Class III patients significantly differed from that for Class I and Class II patients. Maxillary incisor extrusion in patients with dental open bite and MPA reduction with mandibular incisor extrusion in patients with skeletal open bite are the most significant contributing factors for open bite closure.
PubMed: 35527369
DOI: 10.4041/kjod21.180 -
Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 2020This study aimed to compare the root length of maxillary and mandibular incisors between individuals with open bite versus matched individuals with adequate overbite.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to compare the root length of maxillary and mandibular incisors between individuals with open bite versus matched individuals with adequate overbite.
METHODS
This comparative, matched and retrospective study included 48 cone beam computed tomographies (CBCTs) obtained at a university radiological center. Scans belonged to 24 individuals with open bite (overbite ≤ 0 mm) and 24 individuals with adequate overbite (controls). Both groups were matched by age, sex, malocclusion classification and skeletal characteristics (ANB and FMA angles). Root length of each maxillary and mandibular incisor was measured in millimeters (mm) in a sagittal section from a perpendicular line to the enamel cement junction until the root apex (384 length measurements were made). The means of root length in both groups were compared using t-tests. In addition, correlations between variables were evaluated with the Pearson correlation coefficient (α = 0.05).
RESULTS
In both groups, the root length of the upper central incisors was approximately 12 mm and the root length of the maxillary lateral incisors was approximately 13 mm (p˃ 0.05). Likewise, the root length of lower central incisors in both groups measured approximately 12 mm (p˃ 0.05). However, the mandibular lateral incisor roots of open bite patients were significantly longer than in the normal overbite patients (approximately 1 mm, p= 0.012 right side, p= 0.001 left side).
CONCLUSIONS
Root length of maxillary incisors and central mandibular incisor is similar in individuals with or without open bite, but the mandibular lateral incisor roots in open bite patients were significantly longer than in the normal overbite patients.
Topics: Cephalometry; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Humans; Incisor; Maxilla; Open Bite; Retrospective Studies; Spiral Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
PubMed: 32965383
DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.25.4.23.e1-7.onl -
Children (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2020Oral breathing, nasal obstruction and airway space reduction are usually reported as associated to allergic rhinitis. They have been linked to altered facial patterns... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Oral breathing, nasal obstruction and airway space reduction are usually reported as associated to allergic rhinitis. They have been linked to altered facial patterns and dento-skeletal changes. However, no firm correlation based on the evidence has been established. This systematic review has been undertaken to evaluate the available evidence between malocclusion and allergic rhinitis in pediatric patients.
METHODS
The research refers to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines, databases (Medline, Cochrane Library, Pubmed, Embase and Google Scholar) were screened, the quality was evaluated through Quality Assessment of Diagnosfic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2).
RESULTS
The articles selected (6 out of initial 1782) were divided on the basis of the study design: two observational randomized study, three case-control study, one descriptive cross-sectional study, and one longitudinal study. A total of 2188 patients were considered. Different results were reported as related to allergic rhinitis ranging from a higher incidence of dental malocclusion, to an increase of palatal depth, and in posterior cross-bite about anterior open-bite and to longer faces and shorter maxillas.
CONCLUSIONS
Most of the studies selected found a rise in the prevalence of both malocclusion and allergic rhinitis in children. However, the level of bias is high, impaired by a poor design and no conclusive evidence can be drawn.
PubMed: 33261020
DOI: 10.3390/children7120260 -
The Journal of Clinical Pediatric... May 2022Genetic polymorphisms could explain the inter-individual differences in the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of children with anterior open bite (AOB).
UNLABELLED
Genetic polymorphisms could explain the inter-individual differences in the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of children with anterior open bite (AOB).
OBJECTIVE
To assess the impact of AOB on OHRQoL in children and to evaluate whether MTR (rs1805087), MTRR (rs1801394), TGFβ1 (rs1800469) and TNF-α (rs1799964, rs1799724 and rs1800629) genes are potential biomarkers for OHRQoL in children with AOB.
STUDY DESIGN
A cross-sectional study was performed with 173 children aged between 2-6 years. The Brazilian version of Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) was applied. Genetic polymorphisms were analyzed using real-time PCR. Mann-Whitney U-test and Chi-square were used.
RESULTS
The overall mean ECOHIS scores were 5.49 (SD= 5.72) and 3.45 (SD = 4.49) (p < 0.01) in the AOB and control groups, respectively. Children with the CC genotype of TNF-α (rs1799724) had a significantly higher psychological QoL level. The MTRR AA genotype group showed a lower QoL level in the child subscale (p = 0.006), function (p = 0.017), and psychological (p = 0.006) domains. There was no significant difference between OHRQoL and the genetic polymorphisms in MTR and TGFβ1.
CONCLUSIONS
Genetic polymorphisms in TNF-α and MTRR are associated with the impact on the OHRQoL in children with AOB.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Ferredoxin-NADP Reductase; Humans; Open Bite; Oral Health; Polymorphism, Genetic; Quality of Life; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 35830630
DOI: 10.17796/1053-4625-46.3.12 -
Children (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2023Poor oral health is often more prevalent in rural and resource-limited areas. Evaluating oral health status in these communities is the first step in ensuring adequate...
BACKGROUND
Poor oral health is often more prevalent in rural and resource-limited areas. Evaluating oral health status in these communities is the first step in ensuring adequate future health care for the population. The aim of this study was to assess the oral health status of children aged 6-12 years living in the indigenous Ngäbe-Buglé communities.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted in two rural indigenous communities of Ngäbe-Buglé on San Cristobal Island in Bocas del Toro, Panama. All children between 6 and 12 years of age and attending local schools were invited to participate, and those whose parents provided oral consent were enrolled. Dental examinations were performed by one trained dentist. To describe oral health, plaque index, DMFT/dmft (decayed, missing, and filled for permanent and primary teeth) index, and developmental defects of enamel index were recorded. Orthodontic characteristics were also evaluated, assessing the prevalence of different molar classes and the prevalence of open bite, lateral crossbite, and scissor bite.
RESULTS
A total of 106 children, representing 37.3% of the child population in the age range attending local schools, were included in this study. The mean plaque index of the entire population was 2.8 (SD 0.8). Caries lesions were more common in children living in San Cristobal (80.0%) compared to those living in Valle Escondido (78.3%), = 0.827. The mean DMFT/dmft for the entire population was 3.3 (SD 2.9). Developmental defects of enamel were recorded in 49 children (46.2%). The majority of the population had a class I molar relationship (80.0%). Anterior open bite, lateral crossbite, and anterior crossbite were found in 10.4%, 4.7%, and 2.8% of the participants, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
The oral health of children living in Ngäbe-Buglé communities is generally poor. Oral health education programs for children and adults might play a crucial role in improving the oral health status of the Ngäbe-Buglé population. In addition, the implementation of preventative measures, such as water fluoridation as well as regular toothbrushing with fluoridated toothpaste and more accessible dental care, will be essential in improving future generations' oral health.
PubMed: 36832423
DOI: 10.3390/children10020294 -
Clinical and Experimental Dental... Dec 2022To find out if there is any relationship between tooth size discrepancy (TSD) and skeletal anterior open bite (AOB) and to assess the correlation between the amount of...
OBJECTIVE
To find out if there is any relationship between tooth size discrepancy (TSD) and skeletal anterior open bite (AOB) and to assess the correlation between the amount of AOB and TSD.
METHOD
A total of 100 Class I subjects were included in this study (average age 15.21 ± 2.84 years). Fifty patients had skeletal AOB (>3 mm) and 50 subjects acted as controls and had a normal overbite. Teeth mesio-distal widths were measured using a digital caliper. Anterior, overall, and posterior TSD ratios were calculated. An independent t-test was employed to assess differences between groups and between genders. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to assess the correlation between the amount of AOB and TSD.
RESULTS
Significant differences in anterior (p = .038) and posterior (p = .015) TSD ratios were detected. In the skeletal AOB group, no significant gender differences were detected (p > .05), whereas in the normal bite and total sample group, males had smaller posterior teeth compared to females (p < .05). All the differences were smaller than 1 SD of Bolton's ratios. No significant correlation was found between the amount of AOB and TSD ratios (p > .05).
CONCLUSIONS
Skeletal AOB had larger anterior and smaller posterior mandibular teeth, but the differences were less than 1 SD of Bolton's ratios. Males have smaller mandibular posterior teeth than females. The amount of AOB is not correlated with the TSD ratios.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Child; Adolescent; Odontometry; Open Bite; Tooth; Malocclusion; Mandible; Tooth Diseases
PubMed: 35979550
DOI: 10.1002/cre2.647