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Maedica Dec 2021The purpose of this study is to determine if superimposed infection with Candida species in oral lichen planus exacerbates the clinical symptoms and lesions. We...
The purpose of this study is to determine if superimposed infection with Candida species in oral lichen planus exacerbates the clinical symptoms and lesions. We conducted a retrospective study on the medical charts of oral lichen planus (OLP) patients diagnosed by clinical and histopathological criteria. A baseline demographic, anamnestic, clinical data, results of the oral candida investigations were analyzed and recorded for all patients. From a total number of 203 OLP patients, oral candidiasis was diagnosed in 75 (36.94%) cases. There was no statistical significance between the clinical forms of lichen planus and the presence of Candida infection. Of all encountered Candida species, Candida albicans was most commonly detected, followed by Candida krusei, Candida lusitaniae, and Candida tropicalis. Although our study is limited regarding the sample size and no statistically significant difference has been found between clinical features of OLP and oral candidiasis, a routine screening of OLP patients for oral candidiasis and a preventive antifungal strategy in the OLP treatment schedule is needed.
PubMed: 35261657
DOI: 10.26574/maedica.2021.16.4.585 -
The American Journal of the Medical... Dec 2020
Topics: Aged; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Antifungal Agents; Candida albicans; Candidiasis, Oral; Cheilitis; Female; Humans; Ketoconazole; Skin Cream
PubMed: 32684336
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2020.05.046 -
BMC Oral Health Apr 2023Patients with advanced cancer are prone to develop different opportunistic oral infection due to anti-cancer treatment or the malignancies themselves. Studies of oral... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
Patients with advanced cancer are prone to develop different opportunistic oral infection due to anti-cancer treatment or the malignancies themselves. Studies of oral fungal samples show an increased prevalence of non-Candida albicans species in mixed oral infections with Candida albicans. Non-C. albicans and C. albicans are associated with varying degrees of resistance to azoles, which may have implications for treatment. This study aimed to assess the diversity and antifungal susceptibility of Candida species detected in the oral cavity.
METHODS
An observational study with microbiological analysis was conducted. Clinical fungal isolates were collected from patients in a hospice unit in 2014-2016. Isolates were re-grown on chromID® Candida plates in 2020. Single colony of each species was re-cultivated and prepared for biochemical identification with a VITEK2® system and verified by gene sequencing. Etest was performed on RPMI agar, and the antifungals fluconazole, amphotericin B, anidulafungin and nystatin were applied.
RESULTS
Fifty-six isolates from 45 patients were identified. Seven different Candida species and one Saccharomyces species were detected. The results of biochemical identification were confirmed with sequencing analysis. Thirty-six patients had mono infection, and nine out of 45 patients had 2-3 different species detected. Of C. albicans strains, 39 out of 40 were susceptible to fluconazole. Two non-C. albicans species were resistant to fluconazole, one to amphotericin B and three to anidulafungin.
CONCLUSION
C. albicans was the predominant species, with a high susceptibility to antifungal agents. Different Candida species occur in both mono and mixed infections. Identification and susceptibility testing may therefore lead to more effective treatment and may prevent the development of resistance among patients with advanced cancer.
TRAIL REGISTRATION
The study Oral Health in Advanced Cancer was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (#NCT02067572) in 20/02/2014.
Topics: Humans; Candidiasis, Oral; Fluconazole; Amphotericin B; Anidulafungin; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Antifungal Agents; Candida; Candida albicans; Neoplasms; Drug Resistance, Fungal
PubMed: 37072843
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02950-y -
BMC Oral Health Oct 2023To evaluate the clinical efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) as an adjunct or alternative to traditional antifungal drugs in the treatment of oral candidiasis, and to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the clinical efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) as an adjunct or alternative to traditional antifungal drugs in the treatment of oral candidiasis, and to provide evidence-based medical evidence for its use in the treatment of oral candidiasis.
METHODS
Computer combined with manual retrieval of China Academic Journals Full-text Database (CNKI), China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), Wanfang Database, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus retrieval for articles published before January 2023, basic information and required data were extracted according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the Revman V5.4 software was used to conduct Meta-analysis of the included literature.
RESULTS
A total of 11 articles were included, 7 of which used nystatin as an antifungal drug, 2 of which were combined treatment of PDT and nystatin, 2 of the remaining 4 articles were treated with fluconazole, and 2 were treated with miconazole. Meta results showed that PDT was superior to nystatin in reducing the number of oral candida colonies in the palate of patients MD = -0.87, 95%CI = (-1.52,-0.23), P = 0.008, the difference was statistically significant, and the denture site MD = -1.03, 95%CI = (-2.21, -0.15), P = 0.09, the difference was not statistically significant; compared with the efficacy of fluconazole, RR = 1.01, 95%CI = (0.56,1.83), P = 0.96; compared with miconazole RR = 0.55, 95%CI = (0.38, 0.81), P = 0.002; PDT combined with nystatin RR = 1.27, 95%CI = (1.06, 1.52), P = 0.01; recurrence rate RR = 0.28, 95%CI = (0.09, 0.88), P = 0.03.
CONCLUSIONS
PDT was effective in the treatment of oral candidiasis; PDT was more effective than nystatin for the treatment of denture stomatitis in the palate, while there was no significant difference between the two for the denture site; The efficacy of PDT for oral candidiasis was similar to that of fluconazole; PDT was less effective than miconazole for oral candidiasis; Compared with nystatin alone, the combination of PDT and nystatin is more effective in treating oral candidiasis with less risk of recurrence.
Topics: Humans; Candidiasis, Oral; Antifungal Agents; Nystatin; Fluconazole; Miconazole; Photochemotherapy
PubMed: 37884914
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03484-z -
Gerontology 2022Elderly patients with systemic disorders and immunocompromised patients seem to have a higher risk of developing morbidity from COVID-19. Candida albicans (C. albicans)...
Elderly patients with systemic disorders and immunocompromised patients seem to have a higher risk of developing morbidity from COVID-19. Candida albicans (C. albicans) is a potentially dangerous pathogen for these patients, especially for denture wearers with prosthetic stomatitis who require mechanical ventilation. C. albicans infection, the main candidiasis infection associated with denture wear, can complicate COVID-19 and increase the associated morbidity and mortality. Therefore, early diagnosis of C. albicans infection in COVID-19 patients is important to establish more effective antifungal treatment methods and prophylaxis strategies. Hospitalized COVID-19 patients should undergo an oral examination to assess their oral health, and those with poor oral health should receive the appropriate care and monitoring.
Topics: Aged; COVID-19; Candidiasis, Oral; Dentures; Humans; SARS-CoV-2; Stomatitis, Denture
PubMed: 33853063
DOI: 10.1159/000515214 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2022colonisation of the oral cavity increases in immunocompromised individuals which leads to the development of oral candidiasis. In addition, host factors such as... (Review)
Review
colonisation of the oral cavity increases in immunocompromised individuals which leads to the development of oral candidiasis. In addition, host factors such as xerostomia, smoking, oral prostheses, dental caries, diabetes and cancer treatment accelerate the disease process. is the primary causative agent of this infection, owing to its ability to form biofilm and hyphae and to produce hydrolytic enzymes and candialysin. Although mucosal immunity is activated, from the time hyphae-associated toxin is formed by the colonising cells, an increased number and virulence of this pathogenic organism collectively leads to infection. Prevention of the development of infection can be achieved by addressing the host physiological factors and habits. For maintenance of oral health, conventional oral hygiene products containing antimicrobial compounds, essential oils and phytochemicals can be considered, these products can maintain the low number of in the oral cavity and reduce their virulence. Vulnerable patients should be educated in order to increase compliance.
PubMed: 35335659
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11030335 -
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association... Jul 2021
Topics: Candidiasis, Oral; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Tongue Diseases
PubMed: 34253555
DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.201559-f -
Frontiers in Oral Health 2022The oral cancer survivors are a group of special individuals whose disease affect anatomical structures with a key role in identity and communication and a fundamental... (Review)
Review
The oral cancer survivors are a group of special individuals whose disease affect anatomical structures with a key role in identity and communication and a fundamental role in basic human functions such as speaking, eating, swallowing and breathing. Thus, quality of life of these individuals can be impaired by the consequences of disease and treatments, in particular surgery and radiotherapy. Among others, infectious conditions of any nature, bacterial, viral, fungal, are a frequent finding among oral cancer survivors. In fact, the peculiar systemic and local conditions of these subjects are known to significantly modify the microbiota, which, besides facilitating opportunistic infections, can affect the cancer microenvironment, as well as alter the effects of the anti-cancer therapies. Similarly, mouth infections can also affect the prognosis of oral cancer survivors. Among the opportunistic infections, fungal are the most common infections affecting these subjects, since neutropenia resulting from cancer, as well as chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy treatments, promote the shift from the carrier state of Candida species, to pathogen state. Treatment of oral candidiasis can be difficult in oral cancer survivors, and good evidence supports clotrimazole as the most effective for prevention, and fluconazole as the one with the best risk-benefit profile. Probiotics, although promising, need better evidence to be considered an effective treatment or preventive measure.
PubMed: 36338574
DOI: 10.3389/froh.2022.970074 -
Cytopathology : Official Journal of the... Sep 2022This study is the first to analyse the prevalence of oral candidiasis in onco-haematological patients by physical and oral cytopathological examinations. (Observational Study)
Observational Study
OBJECTIVE
This study is the first to analyse the prevalence of oral candidiasis in onco-haematological patients by physical and oral cytopathological examinations.
METHODS
This is a cross-sectional and observational study with a retrospective sample composed of participants hospitalised in the haematology clinic, who were diagnosed with haematological diseases. All participants received an oral mucosal examination and scraping from oral mucosa.
RESULTS
Of the 62 participants, 56.5% were male and 82.3% were white, with mean age of 57 years. Lymphoma was the most common haematological disease (24.2%). In total, 48.4% of the sample was diagnosed with oral candidiasis. Of the participants with oral candidiasis, 13 (21.0%) had a clinical diagnosis. Cytopathological analysis revealed 17 more (27.4%) cases without oral lesions indicative of candidiasis. Erythematous candidiasis (P = 0.02), pseudomembranous candidiasis (P < 0.001), clinical candidiasis (P < 0.001), fibrous hyperplasia (P = 0.032), and coated tongue (P = 0.012) showed a correlation with a candidiasis cytopathological diagnosis.
CONCLUSIONS
Oral candidiasis is common among patients with haematological disease, and the cytopathological examination proved to be a useful tool, confirming clinical diagnosis of candidiasis and identifying subclinical cases. These data are of great relevance considering the possible complications that these patients may develop, such as longer hospitalisations, worsening of the general condition or even death due to candidemia.
Topics: Candidiasis; Candidiasis, Oral; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; HIV Infections; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35603463
DOI: 10.1111/cyt.13151 -
Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine Apr 2022Although previous cases of ethyl alcohol production by microorganisms present in the intestines, referred to as auto-brewery syndrome (ABS), have been reported, a recent...
Although previous cases of ethyl alcohol production by microorganisms present in the intestines, referred to as auto-brewery syndrome (ABS), have been reported, a recent case in our practice was characterized by the production of alcohol in the oral cavity. Our research indicates that legally significant levels of ethyl alcohol can be detected in exhaled air in cases where there has been no alcohol consumption but where the subject has oral candidiasis. In such cases, following the consumption of foods containing carbohydrates, a fermentation process occurs in the mouth, the first stage of which is glycolysis, proceeding according to the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway, which is typical in eukaryotes. The main organic substrate in this case is glucose, which is formed in the oral cavity from disaccharides (maltose, sucrose) by the activity of α-amylase. Some mutated fungal strains of the genus Candida acquire the ability to break down sucrose and produce glucoamylase. Glucose is converted into glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and then into pyruvate. The next stage of fermentation is the decarboxylation of pyruvate into acetaldehyde, a reaction catalyzed by pyruvate decarboxylase. The final stage is the reduction of acetaldehyde to ethanol by alcohol dehydrogenase. Such endogenous production of alcohol can be confused with its consumption, which can cause not only legal, but also social and medical problems.
Topics: Ethanol; Fermentation; Glucose; Humans
PubMed: 35290834
DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2022.102333