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BioMed Research International 2021This pre-post study is aimed at determining the effects of masticatory muscle activity (masseter and temporalis) measured via sEMG between conventional, self-ligating,...
OBJECTIVE
This pre-post study is aimed at determining the effects of masticatory muscle activity (masseter and temporalis) measured via sEMG between conventional, self-ligating, and ceramic bracket after six months of orthodontic treatment.
METHODS
A total of eighteen (18) malocclusion patients were identified. Malocclusion patients were subdivided into 3 groups based on the bracket selection (conventional, self-ligating, and ceramic bracket) with 6 patients for each group. sEMG of muscles were done using a two-channel electromyography device, where pregelled and self-adhesive electrodes (bilateral) were applied. Chewing and clenching of masseter and temporalis muscle activity were recorded for 20 s pre and 6 months of orthodontic treatment using sEMG (frequency 60 Hz). The data were analysed by using repeated measures ANOVA in IBM SPSS Statistics Version 24.0.
RESULTS
Chewing and clenching for masseter muscle showed no significant difference ( > 0.05) in sEMG activity of three types of the brackets. However, for temporalis muscle, there was a significant difference found in sEMG activity during chewing ( < 0.05) and clenching ( < 0.05) between these three brackets.
CONCLUSION
The activity of temporalis muscle showed significant changes in chewing and clenching, where the conventional group demonstrated better muscle activity pre and at six months of fixed appliances.
Topics: Electrodes; Electromyography; Female; Humans; Male; Masseter Muscle; Mastication; Orthodontic Brackets; Temporal Muscle
PubMed: 33969121
DOI: 10.1155/2021/6642254 -
Brazilian Dental Journal 2023This study aimed to assess and correlate initial surface roughness and frictional resistance of rectangular CuNiTi wires inserted in different self-ligating brackets....
This study aimed to assess and correlate initial surface roughness and frictional resistance of rectangular CuNiTi wires inserted in different self-ligating brackets. The sample consisted of 40 bracket-wire sets (rectangular CuNiTi wires of 0.017" x 0.025" and passive self-ligating brackets) divided into four groups (n=10): metallic self-ligating bracket and metallic CuNiTi wire (G1); metallic self-ligating bracket and rhodium-coated CuNiTi wire (G2); esthetic self-ligating bracket and metallic wire (G3); esthetic self-ligating bracket and rhodium-coated CuNiTi wire (G4). The initial surface roughness of the wires was examined with a Surfcorder roughness meter, model SE1700. Later, frictional resistance was assessed in an Instron 4411 universal testing machine at a speed of 5 mm/min, in an aqueous medium at 35°C. Microscopic analyses of surface morphology were performed with scanning electron microscopy, using an LEO 1430, with magnifications of 1000X. Generalized linear models were applied, considering the 2 x 2 factorial (bracket type x wire type), at a 5% significance level. Regardless of bracket type, the groups with esthetic wires presented higher initial surface roughness than the groups with metallic wires (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between the different bracket-wire sets for frictional resistance and no significant correlation between frictional resistance and initial surface roughness in the environment studied. It is concluded that esthetic wires presented higher initial surface roughness but did not interfere with the frictional resistance between brackets and wires.
Topics: Rhodium; Orthodontic Wires; Orthodontic Appliance Design; Orthodontic Brackets; Dental Stress Analysis; Materials Testing; Stainless Steel; Surface Properties; Dental Alloys; Titanium
PubMed: 37194851
DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202304912 -
Journal of Applied Oral Science :... 2021Pain is a problem during bracket removal, and more comfortable treatment is needed. This study examined the association of pain with the removal force required for...
OBJECTIVE
Pain is a problem during bracket removal, and more comfortable treatment is needed. This study examined the association of pain with the removal force required for ceramic brackets, compared with metal and plastic brackets, to determine which removal method resulted in less pain and discomfort.
METHODOLOGY
81 subjects (mean age, 25.1 years; 25 males and 56 females) were enrolled, from whom 1,235 brackets (407 ceramic, 432 plastic, and 396 metal) were removed. Measured teeth were distinguished at six segments. Pain was measured with a visual analogue scale (VAS) during the removal of each bracket. An additional grip was placed on the grips of debonding pliers with right-angled beaks; a mini loading cell sensor pinched by the grips was used to measure removal force during debonding. VAS and force values were statistically analyzed. The Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Mann-Whitney U test with Bonferroni correction were performed for multiple comparisons; multiple regression analysis was also performed.
RESULTS
Forces in the upper and lower anterior segments were significantly smaller (p<0.05) than those in the other segments. Pain tended to be greater in the upper and lower anterior segments than in the posterior segments. In all segments, the removal force was greater for metal brackets than for plastic or ceramic brackets. Ceramic brackets caused significantly greater pain than plastic brackets for the upper and lower anterior segments. Debonding force was involved in the brackets, following adjustments for pain, upper left segment, age, and sex.
CONCLUSIONS
Pain and discomfort are likely to occur during bracket debonding.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Ceramics; Dental Debonding; Humans; Orthodontic Brackets; Pain
PubMed: 34320118
DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2020-0879 -
Journal of Orthodontics Sep 2021To evaluate the colour stability of polymeric resins that could be used to 3D-print orthodontic brackets.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the colour stability of polymeric resins that could be used to 3D-print orthodontic brackets.
DESIGN
In vitro, laboratory study.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Disc-shaped specimens were fabricated via 3D printing using three resins: Dental LT; Dental SG; and Clear. Five conditions were evaluated for each resin (n = 10 per treatment per resin) to assess its corresponding effect on colour and translucency: immersion in (1) red wine, (2) coffee, (3) tea and (4) distilled water (control), and (5) exposure to accelerated aging. Colour and translucency measurements were made before and after exposure using a spectrophotometer. Mean colour differences (ΔE) and changes in translucency parameter (ΔTP) were calculated for each sample using the CIEDE2000 colour difference formula.
RESULTS
Statistically significant effects of the resin material, the treatment condition and interactions effects of material and condition were observed for ΔE and ΔTP ( < 0.001). The most pronounced changes in colour (ΔE) were a result of the staining effects of wine on all three resins, ranging from 14.5 ± 0.6 to 20.8 ± 1.2. Dental LT, Dental SG and Clear resins all showed changes in colour when exposed to certain staining agents. Dental SG and Clear resins exhibited changes in colour with aging, while the colour of Dental LT resin remained stable with aging.
CONCLUSIONS
The colour changes of the resins investigated does not support their use in 3D-printed aesthetic bracket applications.
Topics: Coffee; Color; Composite Resins; Dental Materials; Humans; Materials Testing; Orthodontic Brackets; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Surface Properties
PubMed: 33719707
DOI: 10.1177/14653125211001079 -
Journal of the World Federation of... Dec 2023To compare the effectiveness and efficiency of orthodontic treatment (OT) with standard versus computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) indirect...
Evaluation of effectiveness and efficiency of fixed orthodontic treatment comparing standard and computer-aided design and manufacturing conventional bracket systems using indirect bonding for both: A retrospective study.
BACKGROUND
To compare the effectiveness and efficiency of orthodontic treatment (OT) with standard versus computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) indirect bonding of conventional brackets.
METHODS
This retrospective study examined two groups: standard indirect bonding group (12 males, 13 females; mean age 12.21 ± 0.52 years), and digital indirect bonding group (11 males, 14 females; mean age 12.76 ± 1.32 years), treated via a CAD/CAM indirect bonding system. Conventional brackets were used in both groups. Pretreatment and post-treatment records were acquired for all subjects. Weighted Peer Assessment Rating (W-PAR) index was used to assess the effectiveness of OT, in conjunction with five angular cephalometric measurements (ANB°, Sn-GoGn°, U1-PP°, IMPA° and FMA°) and comparatively analyzed using generalized mixed-effects models and post hoc test. Treatment efficiency was assessed in terms of the numbers of bracket repositionings, archwire bends, accidental bracket debondings, appointments and treatment months. Comparative analysis of efficiency was performed using the asymptotic Wilcoxon-Mann-Witney test. Statistical significance was set at 5%.
RESULTS
Total W-PAR and W-PAR component scores decreased significantly during treatment for both groups and in a similar way. Cephalometric measures ANB° and IMPA° significantly decreased and increased, respectively. Significantly fewer bracket repositionings, number of appointments and treatment months were recorded in group digital indirect bonding.
CONCLUSIONS
Although both methods investigated were effective to achieve good outcomes, CAD/CAM indirect bonding method increased the efficiency of OT, when conventional brackets are used.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Child; Adolescent; Retrospective Studies; Dental Bonding; Orthodontic Brackets; Models, Dental; Computer-Aided Design
PubMed: 37735031
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2023.08.001 -
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative... Mar 2021This in-vitro study evaluated the color changes in enamel and dentin bleached in the presence of an orthodontic bracket, as well as the heterogeneity of the color and...
OBJECTIVE
This in-vitro study evaluated the color changes in enamel and dentin bleached in the presence of an orthodontic bracket, as well as the heterogeneity of the color and contribution of each tissue to the color change (CTCC).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Enamel-dentin specimens from extracted bovine teeth were bleached before or after bracket removal or maintained without any treatment (control). The colors of the dentin and enamel were measured individually and after recombining these substrates. The changes in the color (ΔE ) and whitening index (ΔWID) were estimated by the color difference between the bleached specimens and those of the control. The CTCC was also calculated by recombining the tissues from different treatments. Images of specimens obtained from a stereomicroscope were used to analyze the color homogeneity within each tissue.
RESULTS
The highest values of ΔE and ΔWID were observed in the specimens bleached in the absence of a bracket. Bleaching in the presence of a bracket resulted in enamel with a center that was whiter than the periphery. Dentin and enamel presented similar CTCC values.
CONCLUSIONS
Tooth bleaching performed in the presence of a metallic bracket resulted in a reduced bleaching effect and increased color heterogeneity within both tissues.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Tooth bleaching before the orthodontic bracket removal reduces the bleaching effect in both dentin and enamel. Moreover, a heterogeneous color of enamel surface can be observed after tooth bleaching in the presence of a nickel-free metallic orthodontic bracket.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Color; Dental Enamel; Dentin; Hydrogen Peroxide; Orthodontic Brackets; Tooth Bleaching
PubMed: 32955789
DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12660 -
Microscopy Research and Technique Mar 2022This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of chlorhexidine (CHX)-loaded poly-L-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles as a modifier of a commercial orthodontic adhesive...
This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of chlorhexidine (CHX)-loaded poly-L-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles as a modifier of a commercial orthodontic adhesive via the assessment of physicochemical, biological, and mechanical properties at tooth-bracket interface. CHX-loaded PLGA nanoparticles were synthesized using double emulsion-solvent evaporation method and characterized using transmission electron microscopy and Raman analysis. CHX-loaded PLGA nanoparticles in Transbond XT orthodontic adhesive were prepared using two different concentrations of the CHX (25 and 50%) and characterized for degree of conversion (DC), antimicrobial, and cytotoxicity testing. Bonded specimens were tested for shear bond strength (SBS) and adhesive remnant index (ARI) at tooth-bracket interface. The synthesized PLGA nanoparticles averaged between 60 and 80 nm in size. After loading CHX inside PLGA nanoparticles, the morphology of the PLGA nanoparticles was considerably changed. Orthodontic bracket bonded with 25% CHX-loaded PLGA-modified adhesive demonstrated DC scores similar to control group. Both 25 and 50% CHX-loaded PLGA-modified adhesive specimens showed higher antibacterial activity against S. mutans compared to control group. The least mean SBS values were exhibited by 50% CHX-loaded PLGA-modified adhesive samples, while a statistically significant difference was observed in the mean ARI values among all study groups at all-time points (p = .018). This study indicates that the addition of CHX-loaded PLGA nanoparticles in Transbond XT achieved stable bonds with enhanced antimicrobial and mechanical properties.
Topics: Chlorhexidine; Dental Bonding; Dental Stress Analysis; Glycolates; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Materials Testing; Orthodontic Brackets; Resin Cements
PubMed: 34716725
DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23968 -
Dental and Medical Problems 2022As per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines, dentists must avoid the aerosol-generating procedures during the severe acute respiratory...
Comparison of bracket bond failure with the aerosol-generating and novel non-aerosol-generating bonding techniques during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic among orthodontic patients: A retrospective cohort study.
BACKGROUND
As per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines, dentists must avoid the aerosol-generating procedures during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic.
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to compare the rate of bracket bond failure with the aerosol-generating and non-aerosol generating bonding techniques.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A retrospective cohort study was conducted during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on a sample of 44 patients (880 teeth), equally divided into 2 groups: the conventional aerosol-generating bonding technique (ABT); and the novel non-aerosol-generating bonding technique (NABT). The rate of bracket survival and total number of bracket breakages in the 2 groups were assessed by means of the survival regression analysis. The influence of pre-treatment factors, such as the sagittal jaw relationship (ANB), the Frankfort-mandibular plane angle (FMA), overjet, overbite, and upper and lower crowding, on the rate of bracket survival was also evaluated.
RESULTS
There was a statistically significant difference between ABT and NABT in terms of bracket survival. The mean bracket survival with ABT was 176.21 ±77.89 days and with NABT it was 162.53 ±83.34 days. The novel technique showed a hazard ratio of bracket survival of 2.99 as compared to the conventional method. There was a statistically significant influence of overjet on the rate of bracket survival (p = 0.010). The posterior segment had a higher rate of bracket failure as compared to the anterior segment in NABT, which was statistically significant (p < 0.001). However, this difference was statistically non-significant in the case of ABT.
CONCLUSIONS
There was an increased rate of bracket failure with NABT as compared to ABT. The rate of bracket breakages in the anterior quadrants was comparable for both bonding techniques.
Topics: COVID-19; Dental Bonding; Humans; Orthodontic Brackets; Pandemics; Retrospective Studies; SARS-CoV-2; United States
PubMed: 35775411
DOI: 10.17219/dmp/146791 -
European Journal of Medical Research Nov 2023The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of chewing gum on orthodontic pain and to determine the rate of bracket breakage... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of chewing gum on orthodontic pain and to determine the rate of bracket breakage associated with fixed orthodontic appliances.
METHODS
This review and its reporting were performed according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and the PRISMA guidelines. Six electronic databases were searched up to March 16, 2023, to identify relevant studies that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Furthermore, grey literature resources were searched. The Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool 2 was used to assess the quality of the included studies. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan, and sensitivity analysis and publication bias analysis were performed using STATA software. GRADE tool was used to evaluate the certainty of evidence.
RESULTS
Fifteen studies with 2116 participants were ultimately included in this review, and 14 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with the blank group, chewing gum had a significant pain relieving effect at all times after fixation of the initial archwire (P ≤ 0.05). No significant difference was found between the chewing gum group and the analgesics group at any timepoints (P > 0.05). Only four studies evaluated the rate of bracket breakage and revealed that chewing gum did not increase the rate of bracket breakage. The sensitivity analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the pooled outcomes after the included studies were removed one at times, and Egger analysis revealed no significant publication bias in included studies (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Chewing gum is a non-invasive, low-cost and convenient method that has a significant effect on relieving orthodontic pain and has no effect on the rate of bracket breakage. Therefore, chewing gum can be recommended as a suitable substitute for analgesics to reduce orthodontic pain.
Topics: Humans; Chewing Gum; Pain; Analgesics; Orthodontic Brackets; Pain Measurement
PubMed: 37936237
DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01467-y -
American Journal of Orthodontics and... Jul 2022In this study, we aimed to evaluate and compare the bracket positioning accuracy of the indirect bonding (IDB) transfer tray fabricated in-clinic using the tray printing...
INTRODUCTION
In this study, we aimed to evaluate and compare the bracket positioning accuracy of the indirect bonding (IDB) transfer tray fabricated in-clinic using the tray printing (TP) and marker-model printing methods (MP).
METHODS
The TP group was further divided into 2 groups (single-tray printing [STP] and multiple-tray printing [MTP]) depending on the presence of a tray split created using the 3-dimensional (3D) software. Five duplicated plaster models were used for each of the 3 experimental groups, and a total of 180 artificial teeth, except the second molar, were evaluated in the experiment. The dental model was scanned using a model scanner (E3; 3Shape Dental Systems, Copenhagen, Denmark). Virtual brackets were placed on facial axis points, and the IDB trays were designed and fabricated using a 3D printer (VIDA; EnvisionTEC, Mich). The accuracy of bracket positioning was evaluated by comparing the planned bracket positions and the actual bracket positions using 3D analysis on inspection software. The main effects and first-order interaction effects were analyzed together by analysis for the analysis of variance.
RESULTS
The mean distance and height errors were significantly lower in the STP group than those in the MP and MTP groups (P <0.05). The mean distance error was 0.06 mm in the STP group and 0.09 mm in the MP and MTP groups. The mean height error was 0.10 mm in the STP group and 0.15 mm and 0.18 mm in MP and MTP groups, respectively. However, no significant differences were observed in the angular errors among the 3 groups.
CONCLUSIONS
The in-office-fabricated IDB system with computer-aided design and 3D printer is clinically applicable after considering the linear and angular errors. We recommend IDB trays fabricated using the STP method owing to the lower frequency of bracket positioning errors and ease of fabrication.
Topics: Computer-Aided Design; Dental Bonding; Humans; Models, Dental; Orthodontic Brackets; Printing, Three-Dimensional
PubMed: 35772876
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.04.025