-
EBioMedicine Jul 2022
Topics: Antiviral Agents; Hepatitis; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; Hepatitis B virus; Humans
PubMed: 35842235
DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104156 -
Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi =... Jun 2022Drugs may induce hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation (HBV-R). Here we have reviewed the definition and harm of HBV-R, the risk drugs and their underlying mechanism, the...
Drugs may induce hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation (HBV-R). Here we have reviewed the definition and harm of HBV-R, the risk drugs and their underlying mechanism, the influence factors, as well as the early intervention measures. It is shown that multiple drugs, including chemotherapy drugs, immunotherapy drugs, directly acting antivirals, cell therapy, etc., can induce HBV-R by affecting host immunity or directly activating HBV transcription factors. HBV-R could cause severe liver damage, even interruption of treatment of original diseases, affecting the prognosis of patients. Through precisely identifying risk drugs, monitoring the influence factors, and prescribing preventive anti-HBV regimen if necessary, the incidence of HBV-R can be significantly reduced. It is also suggested that clinical physicians should not only pay attention to the early identification and intervention of HBV-R, but also further study the mechanism of HBV-R in depth, especially the underlying mechanism between host, HBV and risk factors. This will help to promote the discovery of more valuable markers for risk prediction and targets for early intervention, and to further reduce the risk of HBV-R and improve the prognosis of patients.
Topics: Hepatitis B virus; Humans; Immunotherapy; Risk Factors
PubMed: 35788533
DOI: 10.7507/1001-5515.202112003 -
Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets Jun 2021: Current therapy for infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) rarely clears the virus, and viremia commonly resurges following treatment withdrawal. To prevent serious... (Review)
Review
: Current therapy for infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) rarely clears the virus, and viremia commonly resurges following treatment withdrawal. To prevent serious complications of the infection, research has been aimed at identifying new viral and host targets that can be exploited to inactivate HBV replication.: This paper reviews the use of these new molecular targets to advance anti-HBV therapy. Emphasis is on appraising data from pre-clinical and early clinical studies described in journal articles published during the past 10 years and available from PubMed.: The wide range of viral and host factors that can be targeted to disable HBV is impressive and improved insight into HBV molecular biology continues to provide the basis for new drug design. In addition to candidate therapies that have direct or indirect actions on HBV covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), compounds that inhibit HBsAg secretion, viral entry, destabilize viral RNA and effect enhanced immune responses to HBV show promise. Preclinical and clinical evaluation of drug candidates, as well as investigating use of treatment combinations, are encouraging. The field is poised at an interesting stage and indications are that reliably achieving functional cure from HBV infection is a tangible goal.
Topics: Antiviral Agents; DNA, Circular; DNA, Viral; Hepatitis B virus; Humans; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Virus Replication
PubMed: 33843412
DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.1915990 -
Liver International : Official Journal... Mar 2023
Topics: Humans; Hepatitis B virus; Antiviral Agents; Virus Replication
PubMed: 36808695
DOI: 10.1111/liv.15522 -
Alternative Therapies in Health and... Feb 2022Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a type of liver failure commonly found in China, and currently the mechanism of the disease remains unknown. This study aimed to...
OBJECTIVE
Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a type of liver failure commonly found in China, and currently the mechanism of the disease remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology, clinical features and prognostic factors in ACLF.
METHODS
This study retrospectively included 170 patients with ACLF admitted to Beijing Friendship Hospital in Beijing, China from November 2017 to May 2019. Patients were divided into 2 groups: the improved group and the deteriorated group, according to the severity of their disease. Patients' demographic data; clinical manifestations; complications; laboratory indicators including platelets (PLT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin activity (PTA), international normalized ratio (INR), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were collected. The relationship between these factors and the patients' prognosis were analyzed by logistic multivariate regression analysis.
RESULTS
The highest morbidity rate was in the age group 40 to 49 years (29.41%). The age group with the second highest morbidity was between 50 and 59 years (25.29%), followed by >60 (21.18%), 30 to 39 (20.59%), 20 to 29 (2.94%) and <20 years (0.59%). A total of 53 patients (31.18%) had a family history of hepatitis B virus infection. The patients' main clinical manifestations were ascites (77.65%) and weakness (68.23%). The most common complications were hypoalbuminemia (80%), infection (67.65%) and electrolyte imbalance (44.12%). In addition, the PTA (P = .009), hepatorenal syndrome (P = .005) and hepatic encephalopathy (level IV) (P = .005) were independently related to the prognosis of ACLF. There is a significant relationship between complications and prognosis (χ2 = 8.502; P = .004).
CONCLUSION
This study showed that prothrombin activity, hepatorenal syndrome and hepatic encephalopathy were independently related to the prognosis of ACLF. This outcome provided more options for reducing patient mortality in clinic.
Topics: Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure; Adult; China; Hepatitis B virus; Humans; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35139493
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of General Virology May 2024Since its discovery in 1965, our understanding of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication cycle and host immune responses has increased markedly. In contrast, our... (Review)
Review
Since its discovery in 1965, our understanding of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication cycle and host immune responses has increased markedly. In contrast, our knowledge of the molecular biology of hepatitis delta virus (HDV), which is associated with more severe liver disease, is less well understood. Despite the progress made, critical gaps remain in our knowledge of HBV and HDV replication and the mechanisms underlying viral persistence and evasion of host immunity. The International HBV Meeting is the leading annual scientific meeting for presenting the latest advances in HBV and HDV molecular virology, immunology, and epidemiology. In 2023, the annual scientific meeting was held in Kobe, Japan and this review summarises some of the advances presented at the Meeting and lists gaps in our knowledge that may facilitate the development of new therapies.
Topics: Hepatitis B virus; Humans; Virus Replication; Hepatitis Delta Virus; Hepatitis B; Molecular Biology; Japan; Hepatitis D; Host-Pathogen Interactions
PubMed: 38757942
DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001978 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection continues to be a significant public health challenge, and more than 250 million people around world are infected with HBV. The... (Review)
Review
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection continues to be a significant public health challenge, and more than 250 million people around world are infected with HBV. The clearance of HBV with virus-specific CD8 T cells is critical for a functional cure. However, naïve HBV-specific CD8 T cells are heavily hindered during the priming process, and this phenomenon is closely related to abnormal cell and signal interactions in the complex immune microenvironment. Here, we briefly summarize the recent progress in understanding the abnormal priming of HBV-specific CD8 T cells and some corresponding immunotherapies to facilitate their functional recovery, which provides a novel perspective for the design and development of immunotherapy for chronic HBV infection (CHB). Finally, we also highlight the balance between viral clearance and pathological liver injury induced by CD8 T-cell activation that should be carefully considered during drug development.
Topics: Humans; Hepatitis B, Chronic; Hepatitis B virus; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Lymphocyte Activation
PubMed: 36936922
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1106700 -
Viruses Aug 2021Viral polymerase is an essential enzyme for the amplification of the viral genome and is one of the major targets of antiviral therapies. However, a serious concern to... (Review)
Review
Viral polymerase is an essential enzyme for the amplification of the viral genome and is one of the major targets of antiviral therapies. However, a serious concern to be solved in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the difficulty of eliminating covalently closed circular (ccc) DNA. More recently, therapeutic strategies targeting various stages of the HBV lifecycle have been attempted. Although cccDNA-targeted therapies are attractive, there are still many problems to be overcome, and the development of novel polymerase inhibitors remains an important issue. Interferons and nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) are the only therapeutic options currently available for HBV infection. Many studies have reported that the combination of interferons and NRTI causes the loss of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), which is suggestive of seroconversion. Although NRTIs do not directly target cccDNA, they can strongly reduce the serum viral DNA load and could suppress the recycling step of cccDNA formation, improve liver fibrosis/cirrhosis, and reduce the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Here, we review recent studies on combination therapies using polymerase inhibitors and discuss the future directions of therapeutic strategies for HBV infection.
Topics: Antiviral Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; Drug Therapy, Combination; Hepatitis B virus; Hepatitis B, Chronic; Humans; Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors
PubMed: 34578273
DOI: 10.3390/v13091691 -
Clinica Chimica Acta; International... Jan 2020Several markers and prognostic scores have been identified for predicting the development and progression of liver disease; among them, haematological parameters (the... (Review)
Review
Several markers and prognostic scores have been identified for predicting the development and progression of liver disease; among them, haematological parameters (the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), red cell distribution width (RDW), RDW to platelet ratio (RPR), mean platelet volume (MPV), and mean corpuscular volume (MCV)) have recently gained significant interest. Compared with traditional prognostic factors, haematological indices are easy to obtain and relatively inexpensive. There is growing evidence that these haematological indices play a key role in HBV-related liver diseases and has been proposed as a predictive marker of adverse outcomes in these patients. This article focuses on discussing the diagnostic and prognostic value of the haematological indices in patients with HBV-related liver diseases.
Topics: Hematologic Tests; Hepatitis B virus; Humans; Liver Diseases
PubMed: 31654630
DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.10.007 -
Journal of Virology Oct 2023The biogenesis and clinical application of serum HBV pgRNA have been a research hotspot in recent years. This study further characterized the heterogeneity of the 3'...
The biogenesis and clinical application of serum HBV pgRNA have been a research hotspot in recent years. This study further characterized the heterogeneity of the 3' terminus of capsid RNA by utilizing a variety of experimental systems conditionally supporting HBV genome replication and secretion, and reveal that the 3' truncation of capsid pgRNA is catalyzed by cellular ribonuclease(s) and viral RNaseH at positions after and before 3' DR1, respectively, indicating the 3' DR1 as a boundary between the encapsidated portion of pgRNA for reverse transcription and the 3' unprotected terminus, which is independent of pgRNA length and the 3' terminal sequence. Thus, our study provides new insights into the mechanism of pgRNA encapsidation and reverse transcription, as well as the optimization of serum HBV RNA diagnostics.
Topics: Capsid; Genome, Viral; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis B virus; Reverse Transcription; Ribonuclease H; RNA, Viral; Virus Replication
PubMed: 37754759
DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00760-23