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BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Oct 2021To examine the associations between dietary intake and tissue biomarkers of alpha linolenic acid (ALA) and risk of mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Dietary intake and biomarkers of alpha linolenic acid and risk of all cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the associations between dietary intake and tissue biomarkers of alpha linolenic acid (ALA) and risk of mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer.
DESIGN
Systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.
DATA SOURCES
PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar to 30 April 2021.
STUDY SELECTION
Prospective cohort studies that reported the risk estimates for death from all causes, CVD, and cancer.
DATA SYNTHESIS
Summary relative risks and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for the highest versus lowest categories of ALA intake using random effects and fixed effects models. Linear and non-linear dose-response analyses were conducted to assess the dose-response associations between ALA intake and mortality.
RESULTS
41 articles from prospective cohort studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis, totalling 1 197 564 participants. During follow-up ranging from two to 32 years, 198 113 deaths from all causes, 62 773 from CVD, and 65 954 from cancer were recorded. High intake of ALA compared with low intake was significantly associated with a lower risk of deaths from all causes (pooled relative risk 0.90, 95% confidence interval 0.83 to 0.97, I=77.8%, 15 studies), CVD (0.92, 0.86 to 0.99, I=48.2%, n=16), and coronary heart disease (CHD) (0.89, 0.81 to 0.97, I=5.6%, n=9), and a slightly higher risk of cancer mortality (1.06, 1.02 to 1.11, I=3.8%, n=10). In the dose-response analysis, a 1 g/day increase in ALA intake (equivalent to one tablespoon of canola oil or 0.5 ounces of walnut) was associated with a 5% lower risk of all cause (0.95, 0.91 to 0.99, I=76.2%, n=12) and CVD mortality (0.95, 0.91 to 0.98, I=30.7%, n=14). The pooled relative risks for the highest compared with lowest tissue levels of ALA indicated a significant inverse association with all cause mortality (0.95, 0.90 to 0.99, I=8.2%, n=26). Also, based on the dose-response analysis, each 1 standard deviation increment in blood concentrations of ALA was associated with a lower risk of CHD mortality (0.92, 0.86 to 0.98, I=37.1%, n=14).
CONCLUSIONS
The findings show that dietary ALA intake is associated with a reduced risk of mortality from all causes, CVD, and CHD, and a slightly higher risk of cancer mortality, whereas higher blood levels of ALA are associated with a reduced risk of all cause and CHD mortality only.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
PROSPERO CRD42021229487.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Eating; Humans; Mortality; Neoplasms; Protective Factors; Risk Assessment; alpha-Linolenic Acid
PubMed: 34645650
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.n2213 -
Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia =... Aug 2023Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have become increasingly popular as both diabetic and weight loss therapies. One effect of this class of... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
Influence of semaglutide use on the presence of residual gastric solids on gastric ultrasound: a prospective observational study in volunteers without obesity recently started on semaglutide.
PURPOSE
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have become increasingly popular as both diabetic and weight loss therapies. One effect of this class of medication is delayed gastric emptying, which may impact the risk of aspiration during anesthesia delivery.
METHODS
In this prospective study, we used gastric ultrasound to evaluate the presence of solid gastric contents in both supine and lateral positions after an eight-hour fast in those taking GLP-1RA compared with controls. Participants underwent a second ultrasound evaluation two hours later after drinking 12 fluid ounces of water (approximately 350 mL).
RESULTS
Twenty adults voluntarily enrolled, giving a total of ten participants in each group. In the supine position, 70% of semaglutide participants and 10% of control participants had solids present on gastric ultrasound (risk ratio [RR], 3.50; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26 to 9.65; P = 0.02.) In the lateral position, 90% of semaglutide participants and 20% of control participants had solids identified on gastric ultrasound (RR, 7.36; 95% CI, 1.13 to 47.7; P = 0.005). Two hours after drinking clear liquids, the two groups did not differ in the lateral position, but in the supine position, 90% of control group participants were rated as empty compared with only 30% of semaglutide group participants (P = 0.02).
CONCLUSIONS
This study provides preliminary evidence that GLP-1RAs may affect gastric emptying and residual gastric contents following an overnight fast and two hours after clear liquids, which may have implications for aspiration risk during anesthetic care.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Prospective Studies; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; Obesity; Volunteers
PubMed: 37466909
DOI: 10.1007/s12630-023-02549-5 -
Fertility and Sterility Oct 2020
Topics: Genetic Testing; Humans
PubMed: 33040982
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.08.1403 -
British Journal of Anaesthesia Jan 2021
Topics: Anemia; Blood Transfusion; Hemorrhage; Humans; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 32981674
DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.09.009 -
Cardiovascular Revascularization... Jan 2022
Topics: Constriction, Pathologic; Coronary Restenosis; Coronary Stenosis; Humans; Stents
PubMed: 34772590
DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2021.10.018 -
Journal of Mental Health (Abingdon,... Feb 2024
PubMed: 38354332
DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2023.2278103 -
Cureus Mar 2020Widespread, non-stop, and often sensational coverage of the coronavirus (COVID-19) has caught many governments flat-footed in efforts to protect the health and safety of...
Widespread, non-stop, and often sensational coverage of the coronavirus (COVID-19) has caught many governments flat-footed in efforts to protect the health and safety of their citizens. In response to the current global health event, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a pandemic. Mass gatherings present a historic challenge in protecting the health and safety of attendees. The majority of the prominent mass gatherings are religious in nature. Global sporting events, such as the Olympics and the World Cup, pose unique health risks to attendees and host nations. Deferment or cancellation of such mass gatherings may exert an extraordinary economic loss to the host nation. Universal adoption of best practices for infection control is the surest way for governments to prepare for mass gatherings. In these uncertain times, it is up to intergovernmental organizations to be the voice of reason.
PubMed: 32211279
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.7345 -
Heart & Lung : the Journal of Critical... Jan 2022
PubMed: 35115185
DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2022.01.015