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The Veterinary Clinics of North... Sep 2023Pyometra is a common disease in intact bitches and queens and occurs, although less frequently, in most other female pets. In bitches and queens, the illness is... (Review)
Review
Pyometra is a common disease in intact bitches and queens and occurs, although less frequently, in most other female pets. In bitches and queens, the illness is generally diagnosed within 4 months after estrus, in middle-aged to older individuals. Complications such as peritonitis, endotoxemia, and systemic inflammatory response syndrome are not uncommon and associated with more severe illness. Ovary-sparing surgical options such as hysterectomy could be considered in individuals with high-risk for detrimental side effects of spaying or without infection of the uterus but has not yet been evaluated for safety in pyometra.
Topics: Dogs; Female; Animals; Pyometra; Dog Diseases; Uterus; Hysterectomy; Ovariectomy
PubMed: 37270345
DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.04.009 -
Obstetrics and Gynecology May 2022To perform an updated Markov modeling to assess the optimal age for bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) at the time of hysterectomy for benign indication. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To perform an updated Markov modeling to assess the optimal age for bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) at the time of hysterectomy for benign indication.
METHODS
We performed a literature review that assessed hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality by disease, age, hysterectomy with or without BSO, and estrogen therapy use. Base mortality rates were derived from national vital statistics data. A Markov model from reported HRs predicted the proportion of the population staying alive to age 80 years by 1-year and 5-year age groups at time of surgery, from age 45 to 55 years. Those younger than age 50 years were modeled as either taking postoperative estrogen or not; those 50 and older were modeled as not receiving estrogen. Computations were performed with R 3.5.1, using Bayesian integration for HR uncertainty.
RESULTS
Performing salpingo-oophorectomy before age 50 years for those not taking estrogen yields a lower survival proportion to age 80 years than hysterectomy alone before age 50 years (52.8% [Bayesian CI 40.7-59.7] vs 63.5% [Bayesian CI 62.2-64.9]). At or after age 50 years, there were similar proportions of those living to age 80 years with hysterectomy alone (66.4%, Bayesian CI 65.0-67.6) compared with concurrent salpingo-oophorectomy (66.9%, Bayesian CI 64.4-69.0). Importantly, those taking estrogen when salpingo-oophorectomy was performed before age 50 years had similar proportions of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and people living to age 80 years as those undergoing hysterectomy alone or those undergoing hysterectomy and salpingo-oophorectomy at age 50 years and older.
CONCLUSION
This updated Markov model argues for the consideration of concurrent salpingo-oophorectomy for patients who are undergoing hysterectomy at age 50 and older and suggests that initiating estrogen in those who need salpingo-oophorectomy before age 50 years mitigates increased mortality risk.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bayes Theorem; Estrogens; Female; Humans; Hysterectomy; Middle Aged; Ovariectomy; Salpingo-oophorectomy
PubMed: 35576331
DOI: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000004732 -
Cell Proliferation Mar 2022Osteoporosis is a common bone disease in the elderly mainly regulated by osteoblasts (OBs) and osteoclasts (OCs). The gut microbiota has been recognized as an important...
OBJECTIVES
Osteoporosis is a common bone disease in the elderly mainly regulated by osteoblasts (OBs) and osteoclasts (OCs). The gut microbiota has been recognized as an important factor in many physiological and pathological processes in the host. Thus, we hypothesize that the gut microbiota is necessary for postmenopausal osteoporosis and that germ-free (GF) mice are protected from osteoporosis.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Osteoporosis models were established by performing ovariectomy (OVX) in mice. Bone mass was measured by micro-CT, and gut microbiota were assessed by 16s rDNA sequencing. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by dihydroethidium (DHE) staining in vivo and 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining in vitro.
RESULTS
Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in the intestine are pivotal in OC differentiation, and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (F/B ratio) is a specific indicator of osteoporosis. Furthermore, we found that Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes affect the de novo synthesis of glutathione (GSH) by regulating its key enzyme glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (Gclc) and inhibiting mitochondrial biogenesis and ROS accumulation via the cAMP response element-binding (CREB) pathway. In addition, supplementing OVX mice with the probiotic Lactobacillus salivarius LI01 from the Firmicutes phylum prevented osteoporosis.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results reveal that GSH plays a vital role in OVX-induced bone loss, and probiotics that affect GSH metabolism are potential therapeutic targets for overcoming osteoporosis.
Topics: Animals; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Mice; Mitochondria; Organelle Biogenesis; Osteoblasts; Osteoclasts; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Ovariectomy; Reactive Oxygen Species
PubMed: 35080066
DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13194 -
PloS One 2020In veterinary medicine, the administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics (NSAIDs) for the control of postsurgical pain in dogs and cats is common given... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Clinical evaluation of postoperative analgesia, cardiorespiratory parameters and changes in liver and renal function tests of paracetamol compared to meloxicam and carprofen in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy.
BACKGROUND
In veterinary medicine, the administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics (NSAIDs) for the control of postsurgical pain in dogs and cats is common given the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects of these drugs. This study compared the serum biochemical changes and postoperative analgesic effects of paracetamol, meloxicam, and carprofen in bitches submitted to an ovariohysterectomy using the Dynamic Interactive Visual Analog Scale (DIVAS) and Pain Scale of the University of Melbourne (UMPS) scoring systems.
METHODS
Thirty bitches of different breeds underwent elective ovariohysterectomies and were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: a paracetamol group [15 mg kg-1 intravenous (IV)], a carprofen group (4 mg kg-1 IV), and a meloxicam group (0.2 mg kg-1 IV). All treatments were administered 30 minutes prior to surgery. Paracetamol was administered every 8 hours postoperatively for 48 hours total, while carprofen and meloxicam were intravenously administered every 24 hours. An evaluation of post-surgical pain was done with the DIVAS and the UMPS. The first post-surgical pain measurement was performed 1 hour after surgery and then 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 36, and 48 hours after surgery.
RESULTS
All groups exhibited a gradual reduction in pain throughout the postoperative period in both scales; however, neither scale significantly differed between the three treatment groups (P > 0.05) during the 48 postoperative hours.
CONCLUSIONS
Paracetamol was as effective as meloxicam and carprofen for post-surgical analgesia in bitches subjected to elective ovariohysterectomy. The present study demonstrates that paracetamol may be considered a tool for the effective treatment of acute perioperative pain in dogs. Furthermore, this drug led to no adverse reactions or changes in the parameters assessed in the present study, indicating its safety.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesia; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Carbazoles; Cardiorespiratory Fitness; Dogs; Female; Hysterectomy; Kidney Function Tests; Liver Function Tests; Meloxicam; Ovariectomy; Pain, Postoperative
PubMed: 32059002
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223697 -
Redox Biology Jun 2023Ovariectomy (OVX) conducted before the onset of natural menopause is considered to bringing forward and accelerate the process of ageing-associated neurodegeneration....
Ovariectomy (OVX) conducted before the onset of natural menopause is considered to bringing forward and accelerate the process of ageing-associated neurodegeneration. However, the mechanisms underlying memory decline and other cognitive dysfunctions following OVX are unclear. Given that iron accumulates during ageing and after OVX, we hypothesized that excess iron accumulation in the hippocampus would cause ferroptosis-induced increased neuronal degeneration and death associated with memory decline. In the current study, female rats that underwent OVX showed decreased dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) expression and reduced performance in the Morris water maze (MWM). We used primary cultured hippocampal cells to explore the ferroptosis resistance-inducing effect of 17β-oestradiol (E). The data supported a vital role of DHODH in neuronal ferroptosis. Specifically, E alleviated ferroptosis induced by erastin and ferric ammonium citrate (FAC), which can be blocked by brequinar (BQR). Further in vitro studies showed that E reduced lipid peroxidation levels and improved the behavioural performance of OVX rats. Our research interprets OVX-related neurodegeneration with respect to ferroptosis, and both our in vivo and in vitro data show that E supplementation exerts beneficial antiferroptotic effects by upregulating DHODH. Our data demonstrate the utility of E supplementation after OVX and provide a potential target, DHODH, for which hormone therapy has not been available.
Topics: Animals; Female; Rats; Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase; Estradiol; Ferroptosis; Hippocampus; Memory Disorders; Ovariectomy
PubMed: 37116254
DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102708 -
Aging Oct 2023A rapidly aging society and longer life expectancy are causing osteoporosis to become a global epidemic. Over the last five decades, a number of drugs aimed at reducing...
A rapidly aging society and longer life expectancy are causing osteoporosis to become a global epidemic. Over the last five decades, a number of drugs aimed at reducing bone resorption or restoring bone mass have been developed, but their efficacy and safety are limited. Icaritin (ICT) is a natural compound extracted from anti-osteoporosis herb spp. and has been shown to inhibit osteoclast differentiation. However, the molecular mechanism by which ICT weaken RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation has not been completely investigated. Here, we evaluated the anti-osteoclastogenic effect of ICT and the potential drug candidate for treating osteoporosis . study, ICT was found to inhibit osteoclast formation and bone resorption function via downregulating transcription factors activated T cell cytoplasm 1 (NFATc1) and c-fos, which further downregulate osteoclastogenesis-specific gene. In addition, the enhanced mitochondrial mass and function required for osteoclast differentiation was mitigated by ICT. The histomorphological results from an study showed that ICT attenuated the bone loss associated with ovariectomy (OVX). Based on these results, we propose ICT as a promising new drug strategy for osteoporosis that inhibits osteoclast differentiation.
Topics: Female; Humans; Osteogenesis; Cell Differentiation; Osteoporosis; Bone Resorption; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Ovariectomy
PubMed: 37793008
DOI: 10.18632/aging.205068 -
Current Pain and Headache Reports Jul 2020The purpose of this review is to summarize the up-to-date pain management options and recommendations for the challenging disease, endometriosis. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The purpose of this review is to summarize the up-to-date pain management options and recommendations for the challenging disease, endometriosis.
RECENT FINDINGS
The mainstays of endometriosis advances of both surgical and medical management continue to evolve. Experimental pharmaceuticals include Gestirone, and aromatase inhibitors have shown promise but are still under scrutiny. Surgical techniques include laparoscopic uterosacral nerve ablation/resection and presacral neurectomy. No studies have directly compared medical versus surgical management, and as such, no one treatment modality can be recommend as superior to the other. Patients may initially be given a medical diagnosis and treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, neurolepitcs, OCP, GNRH agonists/antagonists, and Danazol. Assessing the success of these regimens has proved difficult. Surgical management relies on various methods including excision/ablation of the lesions, nerve ablation, neurectomy, hysterectomy, and oophorectomy.
Topics: Denervation; Endometriosis; Female; Humans; Hysterectomy; Ovariectomy; Pain; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32671581
DOI: 10.1007/s11916-020-00884-6 -
Best Practice & Research. Clinical... May 2022Surgical menopause (iatrogenic menopause) happens when both ovaries are removed before the natural "switching off" of ovarian function; it can cause premature ovarian... (Review)
Review
Surgical menopause (iatrogenic menopause) happens when both ovaries are removed before the natural "switching off" of ovarian function; it can cause premature ovarian insufficiency where the menopause occurs in women before the age of 40. Surgical menopause is associated with a sudden reduction of ovarian sex steroid production rather than a gradual one as is the case in natural menopause. In women who have undergone bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) before the natural age of menopause, strong consideration should be given to giving hormone replacement therapy (HRT) till the natural age of menopause at least. Sexual function and sexual desire are altered post-BSO, especially in younger women hence part of HRT prescription must include consideration of androgen too.
Topics: Female; Hormone Replacement Therapy; Humans; Menopause; Ovariectomy; Salpingo-oophorectomy
PubMed: 35568447
DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2022.03.001 -
The Libyan Journal of Medicine Dec 2023Disc degeneration (DD) is a common cause of low back pain, which represents one of the most widespread public health problems in the world. Therefore, the establishment...
PURPOSE
Disc degeneration (DD) is a common cause of low back pain, which represents one of the most widespread public health problems in the world. Therefore, the establishment of a reproducible animal model is indispensable to understand the pathogenic mechanisms of DD and to test new therapeutic strategies. From this perspective, the fundamental objective of this study was to elucidate the effect of ovariectomy in establishing a new animal model of DD in rats.
METHODS
36 female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups of 9 rats: Group 1: Negative control (Sham): Only an abdominal skin incision and sutures were performed. Group 2: Ovariectomy (OVX): Removal of two ovaries through a transverse incision in the middle of the abdomen. Group 3: Puncture (Punct): Puncture of lumbar intervertebral discs (L3/4, L4/5, and L5/6) by a 21 G needle. Group 4: Puncture+ovariectomy (Punct+OVX): Removal of two ovaries and puncture of L3/4, L4/5, and L5/6 discs. The rats were euthanized 1, 3, and 6 weeks post-surgery, and the discs were harvested. Validity was assessed by radiography, histology, and biochemistry (water content).
RESULTS
Disc height, water content, and histologic score decreased significantly in the last 3 groups and at all three-time points ( < 0.05). DD progressed over time in the Punct and Punct+OVX groups ( < 0.05). The changes were more severe in the Punct+OVX group compared to the Punct group and the OVX group.
CONCLUSION
The combination of puncture and ovariectomy induced rapid and progressive DD in the lumbar discs of rats without spontaneous recovery.
Topics: Humans; Rats; Female; Animals; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Disease Models, Animal; Intervertebral Disc; Ovariectomy
PubMed: 37192334
DOI: 10.1080/19932820.2023.2212481 -
Veterinary Ophthalmology May 2020To determine incidence and risk factors of post-sterilization hyphema in shelter cats.
OBJECTIVE
To determine incidence and risk factors of post-sterilization hyphema in shelter cats.
ANIMALS STUDIED
Retrospective medical record review of 1204 cats and prospective screening of 195 cats.
PROCEDURES
The study consisted of three parts: (a) Survey responses were collected from 20 veterinarians, who perform high-quality high-volume spay-neuter (HQHVSN) in both shelter and public clinic settings; (b) medical records of 1204 cats were analyzed retrospectively over a 14-month time period; and (c) ophthalmic examinations, including tonometry, were performed prospectively on 195 cats before and after sterilization surgery over 8 weeks.
RESULTS
Nine of 20 surveyed veterinarians reported having witnessed hyphema in cats following sterilization surgery. Retrospective review of 1204 medical record and prospective screening of 195 cats showed that three juvenile (<1 year of age) male cats (<2 kg) developed hyphema within 1 hour following surgery (0.2% incidence). In all three affected cats, anesthesia was induced with tiletamine/zolazepam (3 of 523 cats induced with this drug combination; 0.6% incidence), and hyphema resolved within 20 hours. Mean intraocular pressures as measured by Icare® TonoVet were (mean ± standard deviation) 11.5 ± 3.8 mm Hg and 21.7 ± 4.6 mm Hg for juvenile (<1 year of age) and adult (>1 year of age) cats, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Survey responses and three observed cases confirm the existence of feline post-sterilization hyphema with an estimated incidence of 0.2%. The underlying mechanism for this occurrence remains unknown.
Topics: Animals; Cats; Female; Hyphema; Hysterectomy; Incidence; Male; Michigan; Orchiectomy; Ovariectomy; Postoperative Complications; Prospective Studies; Records; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 32216041
DOI: 10.1111/vop.12760