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Veterinary Ophthalmology May 2020To determine incidence and risk factors of post-sterilization hyphema in shelter cats.
OBJECTIVE
To determine incidence and risk factors of post-sterilization hyphema in shelter cats.
ANIMALS STUDIED
Retrospective medical record review of 1204 cats and prospective screening of 195 cats.
PROCEDURES
The study consisted of three parts: (a) Survey responses were collected from 20 veterinarians, who perform high-quality high-volume spay-neuter (HQHVSN) in both shelter and public clinic settings; (b) medical records of 1204 cats were analyzed retrospectively over a 14-month time period; and (c) ophthalmic examinations, including tonometry, were performed prospectively on 195 cats before and after sterilization surgery over 8 weeks.
RESULTS
Nine of 20 surveyed veterinarians reported having witnessed hyphema in cats following sterilization surgery. Retrospective review of 1204 medical record and prospective screening of 195 cats showed that three juvenile (<1 year of age) male cats (<2 kg) developed hyphema within 1 hour following surgery (0.2% incidence). In all three affected cats, anesthesia was induced with tiletamine/zolazepam (3 of 523 cats induced with this drug combination; 0.6% incidence), and hyphema resolved within 20 hours. Mean intraocular pressures as measured by Icare® TonoVet were (mean ± standard deviation) 11.5 ± 3.8 mm Hg and 21.7 ± 4.6 mm Hg for juvenile (<1 year of age) and adult (>1 year of age) cats, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Survey responses and three observed cases confirm the existence of feline post-sterilization hyphema with an estimated incidence of 0.2%. The underlying mechanism for this occurrence remains unknown.
Topics: Animals; Cats; Female; Hyphema; Hysterectomy; Incidence; Male; Michigan; Orchiectomy; Ovariectomy; Postoperative Complications; Prospective Studies; Records; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 32216041
DOI: 10.1111/vop.12760 -
Ceska Gynekologie 2020An ovarian cancer prevention program must encourage the application of factors associated with decreased risk that include both surgical and non-surgical approaches.... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
An ovarian cancer prevention program must encourage the application of factors associated with decreased risk that include both surgical and non-surgical approaches. Non-surgical preventive approaches include oral contraceptives, parity, multiparity and breastfeeding. In addition, approaches that decrease inflammation and oxidative stress such as regular exercise and a healthy diet are also important. Surgical approaches include tubal ligation, hysterectomy and prophylactic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy.
OBJECTIVE
To highlight protective approaches for the prevention of ovarian cancer in order to increase awareness among women of the general population and too find out whether or not these approaches are enough to prevent the disease.
DESIGN
Review article.
SETTING
Department of Chemical Pathology, NHLS, Tygerberg Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
METHODS
Literary sources related to the topic were used. Articles were selected primarily based on PubMed and Google searches.
CONCLUSION
Ovarian cancer cannot be prevented completely, however the application of preventive approaches may decrease the risk significantly. Although, multiparity followed by long periods of breastfeeding may not seem feasible for most today women, it is the most pronounced preventive approach for women in the general population. Tubal ligation, hysterectomy also reduce the risk significantly. Opportunistic salpingectomy may provide better prevention for women at average risk, while women at high risk (BRCA mutation and family with history of ovarian cancer) are advised to undergo risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy. Highlighting these approaches may increase women's awareness towards decreasing risk and decrease the incidence of ovarian cancer and potentially increase the five-year survival rate.
Topics: Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial; Female; Humans; Ovarian Neoplasms; Ovariectomy; Pregnancy; Prophylactic Surgical Procedures; Salpingectomy; Salpingo-oophorectomy
PubMed: 32414285
DOI: No ID Found -
The Medical Journal of Australia Mar 2024Ovarian cancer remains the most lethal gynaecological malignancy with 314 000 cases and 207 000 deaths annually worldwide. Ovarian cancer cases and deaths are... (Review)
Review
Ovarian cancer remains the most lethal gynaecological malignancy with 314 000 cases and 207 000 deaths annually worldwide. Ovarian cancer cases and deaths are predicted to increase in Australia by 42% and 55% respectively by 2040. Earlier detection and significant downstaging of ovarian cancer have been demonstrated with multimodal screening in the largest randomised controlled trial of ovarian cancer screening in women at average population risk. However, none of the randomised trials have demonstrated a mortality benefit. Therefore, ovarian cancer screening is not currently recommended in women at average population risk. More frequent surveillance for ovarian cancer every three to four months in women at high risk has shown good performance characteristics and significant downstaging, but there is no available information on a survival benefit. Population testing offers an emerging novel strategy to identify women at high risk who can benefit from ovarian cancer prevention. Novel multicancer early detection biomarker, longitudinal multiple marker strategies, and new biomarkers are being investigated and evaluated for ovarian cancer screening. Risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) decreases ovarian cancer incidence and mortality and is recommended for women at over a 4-5% lifetime risk of ovarian cancer. Pre-menopausal women without contraindications to hormone replacement therapy (HRT) undergoing RRSO should be offered HRT until 51 years of age to minimise the detrimental consequences of premature menopause. Currently risk-reducing early salpingectomy and delayed oophorectomy (RRESDO) should only be offered to women at increased risk of ovarian cancer within the context of a research trial. Pre-menopausal early salpingectomy is associated with fewer menopausal symptoms and better sexual function than bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. A Sectioning and Extensively Examining the Fimbria (SEE-FIM) protocol should be used for histopathological assessment in women at high risk of ovarian cancer who are undergoing surgical prevention. Opportunistic salpingectomy may be offered at routine gynaecological surgery to all women who have completed their family. Long term prospective opportunistic salpingectomy studies are needed to determine the effect size of ovarian cancer risk reduction and the impact on menopause.
Topics: Female; Humans; Prospective Studies; Early Detection of Cancer; Ovarian Neoplasms; Ovariectomy; Salpingectomy
PubMed: 38353066
DOI: 10.5694/mja2.52227 -
Gynecologie, Obstetrique, Fertilite &... Dec 2022The evolution of medical techniques as well as legislative changes currently allow to propose fertility preservation strategies in the context of transidentity. During... (Review)
Review
The evolution of medical techniques as well as legislative changes currently allow to propose fertility preservation strategies in the context of transidentity. During "female to male" transition, androgen therapy has an impact on gonadal function since it usually induces a blockage of ovulation with amenorrhea. Although this effect is reversible when treatment is stopped, the possible long-term effects of testosterone treatment on future fertility or health of future children are poorly known. In addition, transitional surgeries definitely compromise fecundity when they include bilateral ovariectomy and/or hysterectomy. Yet, although long ignored or poorly expressed, the desire for parenthood is a reality in transgender men. Fertility preservation options in FtM transition rely on oocyte or ovarian tissue cryopreservation. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the literature regarding fertility preservation in transgender men. Although series remain limited, the increase in the number of recently published articles reflects the interest in improving the management of fertility issues in transgender men.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Fertility Preservation; Cryopreservation; Oocytes; Infertility; Ovariectomy
PubMed: 36183988
DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2022.09.006 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2022If menopause is really independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease is still under debate. We studied if ovariectomy in the model of insulin resistance causes...
BACKGROUND
If menopause is really independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease is still under debate. We studied if ovariectomy in the model of insulin resistance causes cardiovascular changes, to what extent are these changes reversible by estradiol substitution and if they are accompanied by changes in other organs and tissues.
METHODS
Hereditary hypertriglyceridemic female rats were divided into three groups: ovariectomized at 8th week ( = 6), ovariectomized with 17-β estradiol substitution ( = 6), and the sham group ( = 5). The strain of abdominal aorta measured by ultrasound, expression of vascular genes, weight and content of myocardium and also non-cardiac parameters were analyzed.
RESULTS
After ovariectomy, the strain of abdominal aorta, expression of nitric oxide synthase in abdominal aorta, relative weight of myocardium and of the left ventricle and circulating interleukin-6 decreased; these changes were reversed by estradiol substitution. Interestingly, the content of triglycerides in myocardium did not change after ovariectomy, but significantly increased after estradiol substitution while adiposity index did not change after ovariectomy, but significantly decreased after estradiol substitution.
CONCLUSION
Vascular and cardiac parameters under study differed in their response to ovariectomy and estradiol substitution. This indicates different effects of ovariectomy and estradiol on different cardiovascular but also extracardiac structures.
Topics: Animals; Estradiol; Female; Heart; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Menopause; Ovariectomy; Rats
PubMed: 35269970
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052825 -
Current Oncology Reports May 2024Pre-menopausal women diagnosed with hormone receptor (HR) breast cancer are candidates for prolonged hypoestrogenism to improve cancer outcomes. However, the disease... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Pre-menopausal women diagnosed with hormone receptor (HR) breast cancer are candidates for prolonged hypoestrogenism to improve cancer outcomes. However, the disease benefit eclipses the toxicities associated with ovarian function suppression (OFS), which are often under-reported.
RECENT FINDINGS
Increased risk of mortality from cardiovascular disease, bone disorders, and metabolic disorders is well reported in women with no history of cancer, after surgical oophorectomy or premature ovarian failure. Vasomotor symptoms, urogenital atrophy, weight gain, sexual dysfunction, cognitive decline, and sleep disturbances contribute to the increased non-compliance associated with OFS, especially in younger women. Balancing the toxicities of prolonged OFS with its benefits should be critically analyzed by providers when making recommendations for their patients. Supportive care to manage multi-system toxicities and to counteract the long-term impact on all-cause mortality should be emphasized by every cancer program. Future studies with OFS should incorporate patient outcomes and strategies for symptom management in addition to focusing on improving disease outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Female; Menopause, Premature; Breast Neoplasms; Ovary; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency; Ovariectomy; Cardiovascular Diseases
PubMed: 38305992
DOI: 10.1007/s11912-023-01491-5 -
Life Sciences Nov 2023Menopause is a natural process in women that can lead to post-menopausal syndrome with symptoms such as hot flushes, weight gain, anxiety, cognitive decline, and...
AIMS
Menopause is a natural process in women that can lead to post-menopausal syndrome with symptoms such as hot flushes, weight gain, anxiety, cognitive decline, and depression. Hormonal replacement therapy is commonly prescribed. However, it has serious adverse effects. Herbal medicinal products and isoflavones are used as alternatives. D-Pinitol found in Pinaceae and Fabaceae families has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, it has not received as much attention as isoflavones. In this study, we investigated whether D-pinitol could alleviate post-menopausal symptoms using an ovariectomized (OVX) mouse model.
MAIN METHODS
Female ICR mice were divided into six groups: sham (vehicle), OVX (vehicle), OVX + D-pinitol (10, 30, 100 mg/kg, p.o.), and OVX + estradiol (0.5 mg/kg, s.c.). Treatment with vehicle, D-pinitol, and estradiol began at seven weeks post ovariectomy. We employed several behavioral tests, hot-flush test, and Western blot analysis.
KEY FINDINGS
We found that D-pinitol treatment (30, 100 mg/kg, p.o.) reversed cognitive dysfunction in OVX mice (novel object recognition and Y-maze test). Additionally, D-pinitol alleviated anxiety-like behaviors (elevated plus-maze) and reversed depressive-like behaviors (splash test, tail suspension test). It also normalized increased basal tail skin temperature in OVX mice. Moreover, D-pinitol administration reversed decreased expression of ERβ and synaptophysin and phosphorylation of ERK and PI3K-Akt-GSK-3β induced by OVX in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.
SIGNIFICANCE
These findings indicate that D-pinitol might be a promising candidate for treating post-menopausal symptoms by increasing ERβ and synaptophysin expression levels and activation of ERK or PI3K-Akt-GSK-3β signaling pathway, at least in part.
Topics: Humans; Mice; Female; Animals; Postmenopause; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; Synaptophysin; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Estrogen Receptor beta; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Mice, Inbred ICR; Estradiol; Isoflavones; Ovariectomy
PubMed: 37802198
DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122147 -
European Journal of Pharmacology Dec 2023Osteoporosis, a systemic bone disease defined by decreased bone mass and deterioration of bone microarchitecture, is becoming a global concern. Nodakenin (NK) is a...
Osteoporosis, a systemic bone disease defined by decreased bone mass and deterioration of bone microarchitecture, is becoming a global concern. Nodakenin (NK) is a furanocoumarin-like compound isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Radix Angelicae biseratae (RAB). NK has been reported to have various pharmacological activities, but osteoporosis has not been reported to be affected by NK. In this study, we used network pharmacology, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation techniques to identify potential targets and pathways of NK in osteoporosis. We found that NK treatment significantly promoted osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs while activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway by measuring alkaline phosphatase activity and the expression of various osteogenic markers. In contrast, LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K, reversed these changes and inhibited the osteogenic differentiation-enabling effect of NK. Meanwhile, prevent the Akt and NFκB signalling pathways by down-regulating c-Src and TRAF6 thereby effectively inhibiting RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. In addition, oral administration of NK to mice significantly elevated bone mass and ameliorated ovariectomized (OVX)-mediated bone microarchitectural disorders. In conclusion, these data suggest that NK attenuates OVX-induced bone loss by enhancing osteogenesis and inhibiting osteoclastogenesis.
Topics: Female; Mice; Animals; Humans; Osteogenesis; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Molecular Docking Simulation; Osteoporosis; Ovariectomy; Osteoclasts; Cell Differentiation; RANK Ligand
PubMed: 37866743
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176121 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2021The lower incidence of metabolic diseases of women than men and the increasing morbidity of metabolic disorders of menopausal women indicated that hormones produced by...
The lower incidence of metabolic diseases of women than men and the increasing morbidity of metabolic disorders of menopausal women indicated that hormones produced by ovaries may affect homeostasis of glucose and lipid metabolism, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To explore the functions of ovaries on regulating glucose and lipid metabolism in females, 8 weeks old C57BL/6 mice were preformed ovariectomy and administrated with normal food diet (NFD) or high fat diet (HFD). Six weeks after ovariectomy, blood biochemical indexes were tested and the morphology and histology of livers were checked. The expression levels of genes related to glucose and lipid metabolism in liver were detected through transcriptome analysis, qPCR and western blot assays. 16S rDNA sequence was conducted to analyze the gut microbiota of mice with ovariectomy and different diets. The serum total cholesterol (TC) was significantly increased in ovariectomized (OVX) mice fed with NFD (OVXN), and serum low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) was significantly increased in both OVXN mice and OVX mice fed with HFD (OVXH). The excessive glycogen storage was found in livers of 37.5% mice from OVXN group, and lipid accumulation was detected in livers of the other 62.5% OVXN mice. The OVXN group was further divided into OVXN-Gly and OVXN-TG subgroups depending on histological results of the liver. Lipid drops in livers of OVXH mice were more and larger than other groups. The expression level of genes related with lipogenesis was significantly increased and the expression level of genes related with β-oxidation was significantly downregulated in the liver of OVXN mice. Ovariectomy also caused the dysbiosis of intestinal flora of OVXN and OVXH mice. These results demonstrated that hormones generated by ovaries played important roles in regulating hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism and communicating with the gut microbiota in females.
Topics: Animals; Diet, High-Fat; Dysbiosis; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Glucose; Homeostasis; Lipids; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Ovariectomy
PubMed: 34276568
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.708838 -
Digestive Diseases and Sciences Jul 2022Serum estradiol levels in severe acute injury are correlated with in hospital mortality. In acute pancreatitis, serum estradiol levels are strong predictors of disease...
BACKGROUND
Serum estradiol levels in severe acute injury are correlated with in hospital mortality. In acute pancreatitis, serum estradiol levels are strong predictors of disease severity. Studies of whether changes in estradiol levels play a causative role in acute pancreatitis severity are limited. The ovariectomized mouse model has been used to study the effects of estradiol in health and disease.
AIMS
We assessed whether the ovariectomized mouse model could be used to assess the effects of estradiol on pancreatitis severity.
METHODS
C57BL/6 mice with their ovaries removed were used to simulate low circulating estradiol conditions. Ovariectomized mice were treated with six hourly injections of cerulein to induce mild acute pancreatitis and compared to ovariectomized mice pre-treated with subcutaneous estradiol injections.
RESULTS
Findings suggest ovariectomized model is a problematic preparation to study pancreatitis. At baseline, ovariectomy leads to prominent acinar cell ultrastructure changes as well as changes in other select morphologic and biomarkers of pancreatitis. In addition, ovariectomy changed select acute pancreatitis responses that were only partially rescued by estradiol pre-treatment.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that the ovariectomized mouse as a model of estradiol depletion should be used with caution in pancreatic studies. Future studies should explore whether derangements in other female hormones produced by the ovaries can lead to changes in pancreatic studies.
Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Estradiol; Female; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Ovariectomy; Pancreatitis
PubMed: 34169436
DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-07116-w