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International Journal of Clinical... 2020To compare the cariogenic and erosive potential of seven commonly prescribed pediatric liquid medicaments (PLMs) by pediatricians in Kempegowda Institute of Medical...
AIM
To compare the cariogenic and erosive potential of seven commonly prescribed pediatric liquid medicaments (PLMs) by pediatricians in Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bengaluru. The selected medicaments are:Syp paracetamol (antipyretic).Syp amoxicillin-clavulanate (antibiotic).Syp cetirizine (antihistamine).Syp dextromethorphan (antitussive).Syp salbutamol (antiasthmatic).Syp phenytoin (anticonvulsant).Syp multivitamin (nutritional supplement).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Quantitative endogenous sucrose estimation: Lane-Eynon volumetric copper reduction method was used for the estimation.Endogenous pH estimation: The endogenous pH was measured using a digital pH meter at 10% dilution.Quantification of endogenous erosive potential: few caries and restoration-free, exfoliated or extracted primary teeth were utilized to produce 1-1.5 g of enamel powder. A 50 mg of enamel powder was then added to 1 mL of individual PLM. The mixtures were maintained for three-time intervals, 1 minute, 10 minutes, and 8 hours. The samples were then prepared for the estimation of calcium using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry.
RESULTS
Sucrose was seen in all the PLMs except amoxicillin-clavulanate. Calcium was found to be present in all the PLMs except cetirizine. The highest calcium dissolution was seen within Syp salbutamol and the least with Syp paracetamol.
CONCLUSION
Syp phenytoin can be regarded as medicament with the highest cariogenic potential and Syp salbutamol with the highest erosive potential and Syp paracetamol with the lowest cariogenic and erosive potential among the compared and tested PLMs.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Considering syrups that have high cariogenic and erosive potential, greater knowledge about the detrimental effects of these drugs should direct us to evolve effective programs to alert parents to follow proper oral hygiene practices or to search for alternative drugs void of such detrimental effects.
HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE
Singana T, Suma NK. An Assessment of Cariogenic and Erosive Potential of Pediatric Liquid Medicaments on Primary Teeth: A Comparative Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(6):595-599.
PubMed: 33976481
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1824 -
Genes Jul 2023The deep terrestrial subsurface, hundreds of meters to kilometers below the surface, is characterized by oligotrophic conditions, dark and often anoxic settings, with...
The deep terrestrial subsurface, hundreds of meters to kilometers below the surface, is characterized by oligotrophic conditions, dark and often anoxic settings, with fluctuating pH, salinity, and water availability. Despite this, microbial populations are detected and active, contributing to biogeochemical cycles over geological time. Because it is extremely difficult to access the deep biosphere, little is known about the identity and metabolisms of these communities, although they likely possess unknown pathways and might interfere with deep waste deposits. Therefore, we analyzed rock and groundwater microbial communities from deep, isolated brine aquifers in two regions dating back to the Ordovician and Devonian, using amplicon and whole genome sequencing. We observed significant differences in diversity and community structure between both regions, suggesting an impact of site age and composition. The deep hypersaline groundwater did not contain typical halophilic bacteria, and genomes suggested pathways involved in protein and hydrocarbon degradation, and carbon fixation. We identified mainly one strategy to cope with osmotic stress: compatible solute uptake and biosynthesis. Finally, we detected many bacteriophage families, potentially indicating that bacteria are infected. However, we also found auxiliary metabolic genes in the viral genomes, probably conferring an advantage to the infected hosts.
Topics: Humans; Quebec; Canada; Groundwater; Microbiota
PubMed: 37628582
DOI: 10.3390/genes14081529 -
Clinical Otolaryngology : Official... Jul 2021(a) To report the xerostomia prevalence and severity in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). (b) To assess the saliva pH in patients with OSA. (Observational Study)
Observational Study
OBJECTIVE
(a) To report the xerostomia prevalence and severity in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). (b) To assess the saliva pH in patients with OSA.
DESIGN
Simultaneous cohort observational clinical study.
SETTING
In Sleep Medicine Centre at Lomonosov Moscow State University from March to June 2019.
PARTICIPANTS
The study was conducted on 30 patients with OSA aged from 35 to 65 years.
MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES
The diagnosis of sleep apnoea was made after standard polysomnography using the Domino programme. The severity of OSA was indicated using the Apnoea-Hypopnea Index. Xerostomia was evaluated using Fox's test. Hyposalivation was evaluated by measurement of salivary flow rate. Determination of the saliva pH was carried out with a pH metre. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer multi-comparison test.
RESULTS
Twenty-two out of 30 (73.3%) patients were diagnosed with "dry mouth". Hyposalivation was observed in 6 out of 30 (20%). Dry mouth on awakening was observed in 60.0%, 72.7% and 88.9% of patients with mild, moderate and severe OSA, respectively. The average salivary flow rate was 0.28 mL/min, 0.24 mL/min and 0.14 mL/min, respectively. The average pH value in patients with mild, moderate and severe apnoea was 6.40 ± 0.017, 6.15 ± 0.27 and 5.87 ± 0.24, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
In patient with mild and moderate OSA, the saliva amount and rate are similar (P > .05). With the increase of OSA severity, both these parameters change (P < .001). The acidity of the saliva was correlated with the level of OSA, and it statistically increased with the increment of the OSA severity (P < .05-P < .001).
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Male; Middle Aged; Polysomnography; Saliva; Salivation; Severity of Illness Index; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive; Xerostomia
PubMed: 33548090
DOI: 10.1111/coa.13735 -
Journal of Clinical and Experimental... Jan 2021Previous studies have shown that acidic bleaching gels could lead to worse collateral effects during an in-office bleaching procedure, while neutral or basic products...
BACKGROUND
Previous studies have shown that acidic bleaching gels could lead to worse collateral effects during an in-office bleaching procedure, while neutral or basic products leads towards a better experience. Considering this fact, the main purpose of this study was to evaluate the pH behavior of 6 in-office bleaching gels, compared to the information provided by their manufacturers.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Thirty enamel discs of bovine teeth were prepared, the initial colors of which were measured by a spectrophotometer and then divided into 6 groups. A pH meter was used to measure the pH every 30 seconds until the end of each procedure, when a new color evaluation was then made. The Tukey test was used for statistical analysis of the results.
RESULTS
There was no difference in the color variation (ΔE) between the groups (> 0.05). In two groups, the pH variation (ΔpH) showed neutral stability, with initial and final pH averages of 7.04 and 7.11 ( = 0.08) and 7.21 and 7.19 ( = 0.55), respectively; in another, there was alkaline stability, with an initial and final pH average of 8.54 and 8.37 ( = 0.14). In the other three brands, however, the results showed acidification, with initial and final pH averages of 6.14 and 5.22 ( = 0.001), 6.05 and 5.16 ( = 0.001) and 7.14 and 5.83 ( = 0.001), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
In 3 of the evaluated gels, a discrepancy existed between the manufacturer's information and the data obtained, which could lead, considering previous studies discussed throughout this article, to unexpected collateral effects on the patients, especially dental sensitivity. Thus, clinicians and researchers should be aware about pH stability studies of in-office bleaching gels for better predictability and safety on their clinical usage. Tooth bleaching, Bleaching agents, Hydrogen-ion concentration, Dentin sensitivity, Hydrogen peroxide.
PubMed: 33425227
DOI: 10.4317/jced.57367 -
Disability and Rehabilitation Jul 2023Power training (PT) is a promising training modality to improve functional abilities in children with cerebral palsy (CP). This study aimed to implement PT in an adapted...
PURPOSE
Power training (PT) is a promising training modality to improve functional abilities in children with cerebral palsy (CP). This study aimed to implement PT in an adapted school and to assess its effect on locomotion capacities in children with Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level III-IV.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Nine children with CP (GMFCS level III-IV) were trained three times/week for 12 weeks. The training sessions took place during the 50-minute physical activity classes and included high intensity exercise. The outcome measures were the performance on the 10-meter comfortable and fast walking tests, the 50-meter sprint test (50M-ST), and the energy expenditure index (EEI).
RESULTS
Participants spent 12 ± 7 and 7 ± 9 min per session at an intensity superior to 40% and 60% of the heart rate reserve, respectively. Performance in the 10-meter walking test (13.5 ± 7.8 to 9.9 ± 4.6 s, < 0.05), the 10-meter fast walking test (8.8 ± 3.1 to 7.0 ± 3.2 s, < 0.05), the 6-minute walking exercise (199.0 ± 48.6 to 316.6 ± 107.2 m, < 0.05), and in 50M-ST (53.8 ± 29.5 to 42.3 ± 16.2 s, < 0.05) increased after training. The EEI was reduced after training ( = 0.01), resulting in a more efficient gait.
CONCLUSIONS
PT was successfully implemented in children with CP with GMFCS level III-IV. Results suggest that PT increases walking capacities.Implications for rehabilitationPower training (PT) is feasible with children with bilateral cerebral palsy with GMFCS level III and IV.Physical education course in specialist school is a valuable environment to implement PT in children with poor gross motor function.Power training results in locomotion capacities improvement.
Topics: Child; Humans; Cerebral Palsy; Locomotion; Walking; Gait; Schools
PubMed: 35737476
DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2022.2090623 -
Journal of Dairy Science Dec 2019Urine pH (U) and net acid excretion (NAE) are used to monitor the degree of systemic acidification and predict the magnitude of resultant hypercalciuria when feeding an...
Urine pH (U) and net acid excretion (NAE) are used to monitor the degree of systemic acidification and predict the magnitude of resultant hypercalciuria when feeding an acidogenic ration to control periparturient hypocalcemia in dairy cattle. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the diagnostic performance of urine dipstick and pH paper for measuring U, and to characterize the U-NAE relationship and the association of urine Ca concentration ([Ca]) with U and NAE. Urine samples (n = 1,116) were collected daily from 106 periparturient Holstein-Friesian cows fed an acidogenic ration during late gestation. Net acid excretion was measured by titration, and U was measured by a glass-electrode pH meter (reference method), Multistix-SG urine dipsticks (Siemens Medical Solutions Inc., Ann Arbor, MI), and Hydrion pH paper (Micro Essential Laboratory Inc., Brooklyn, NY). Diagnostic performance was evaluated using Spearman correlation coefficient (r), Bland-Altman plots, and logistic regression. Urine pH measured by urine dipstick (r = 0.94) and pH paper (r = 0.96) were strongly associated with U. Method-comparison studies indicated that the urine dipstick measured an average of 0.28 pH units higher, and pH paper 0.10 pH units lower, than U. Urine [Ca] was more strongly associated with U (r = -0.65) than NAE (r = 0.52). Goals for controlling periparturient hypocalcemia under the study conditions were U <6.22 and <6.11, based on achieving urine [Ca] ≥5 mmol/L and estimated urinary Ca excretion ≥4 g/d, respectively. Urine pH was as accurate at predicting urine [Ca] as NAE when U >6.11. We conclude that pH paper is an accurate, practical, and low-cost cow-side test for measuring U and provides a clinically useful estimate of urine [Ca].
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Cattle; Diet; Female; Homeostasis; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hypocalcemia; Pregnancy; Urine
PubMed: 31548071
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16805 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2021() biofilm is a common etiological factor in denture stomatitis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of incorporating 2-methacryloyloxyethyl...
() biofilm is a common etiological factor in denture stomatitis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of incorporating 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) as a protein repellent into a new high-impact denture acrylic (HIPA) resin on the surface roughness, solution pH, and biofilm adhesion to the denture base. The new acrylic denture resin base was formulated by mixing MPC into HIPA resin at mass fractions of 1.5%, 3%, and 4.5%. Surface roughness was measured using a Mitutoyo surface roughness tester. biofilm growth and viability were assessed via colony forming unit counts. The pH of the biofilm growth medium was measured using a digital pH meter. Adding MPC to the HIPA resin at percentages of 1.5% and 3% increased the roughness values significantly ( < 0.05), while adding 4.5% MPC resulted in no difference in roughness values to that of the control group ( > 0.05). All experimental groups demonstrated neutral pH values (pH ≅ 7) and were not significantly different from each other ( > 0.05). Incorporating 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine at 4.5% resulted in a significant (≅1 log) colony-forming unit reduction compared with the control group with 0% MPC ( < 0.05). A fungal-retarding denture acrylic resin was developed through the incorporation of MPC for its protein-repelling properties. This newly developed denture acrylic material has the potential to prevent oral microbial infections, such as denture stomatitis.
PubMed: 33668779
DOI: 10.3390/ma14051067 -
RSC Advances Jun 2020A new nanoprobe, the luminescent diblock copolymer PNIPAM(MAh-4)--P4VP (PN4P), with pH- and thermo-responsive deprotonation-driven emission decay (DDED) and...
A new nanoprobe, the luminescent diblock copolymer PNIPAM(MAh-4)--P4VP (PN4P), with pH- and thermo-responsive deprotonation-driven emission decay (DDED) and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) features was designed and synthesized. The nanoprobe PN4P can form micellar structures in water with reversible dual-responsive fluorescence (FL) behavior within a wide pH range of 2-11. The critical solution temperature was found at about 32, 30 and 27 °C as the pH switched from 2, 7 to 11. The critical pH value of the probe was about 4.0, and the micelles showed a core-shell inversion in response to pH and thermal stimuli, accompanied by a desirable emission tunability. P4VP as the micellar shell at pH = 2 was more easily dehydrated with the increase in temperature as compared to PNIPAM as the micellar shell at pH > 4. The strongest dehydration of the P4VP shell would make PN4P the most strongly aggregated and the most AIE-active, which supports the 2.10-fold most distinguished thermal-responsive emission enhancement at pH = 2. Moreover, a dramatic acidochromic redshift of the emission band from 450 (pH > 4) to 490 nm (pH = 2) was observed, and the maximum emission at pH = 2 was enhanced by about 2.07-fold as compared with that at pH = 7. Therefore, the probe displays the desired dual responses and good reversibility. AIE and DDED are the two major mechanisms responsible for the dual-responsive emission change, with AIE playing a more important role than DDED. This work offers a promising approach to interpreting temperature (range from 28 to 40 °C) and pH changes (range from 2 to 7) in water.
PubMed: 35517342
DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01000f -
Clinical Rheumatology Jul 2022Activities of daily living in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have been evaluated by patient-reported outcomes. However, it has been difficult to measure... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
INTRODUCTION
Activities of daily living in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have been evaluated by patient-reported outcomes. However, it has been difficult to measure activity intensity quantitively. Calories expended, exercise, and steps were measured quantitively by a wearable activity meter, and their associations with patients' background characteristics were examined.
METHODS
Data from a prospective, observational study (CHIKARA study) were used. Eighty-five of 100 RA patients were entered and wore a wearable activity meter for 7 days. The daily calories expended and exercise for both walking and housework and steps were evaluated. Total daily calories expended and exercise was defined as the sum of walking and housework. The relationships of DAS28-ESR, mHAQ, body composition, muscle function, and general status were analyzed.
RESULTS
The median age was 66.0 years, and the disease duration was 5.3 years. DAS28-ESR was 3.11, and mHAQ was 0.125. Total daily calories expended, exercise, and number of steps were 461.7 kcal, 3.97 METs h, and 4,788, respectively. MHAQ, walking speed, power, locomotive syndrome, and frailty were independently related to exercise. Total daily exercise and steps of the moderate and high disease activity group were significantly lower than those of the remission group. When the number of steps was < 3,333 and < 2,468, the odds ratios for locomotive syndrome and frailty increased 14.4-fold and 8.7-fold, respectively, using Fisher's exact test (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Daily physical activity and number of steps were significantly decreased in RA patients with moderate and high disease activity as measured by a wearable activity meter. Key Points • Total daily calories expended and exercise for both walking and housework and steps in patients with rheumatoid arthritis were 461.7 kcal, 3.97 METs h, and 4,788, respectively, using a wearable activity meter. • Daily physical activity, especially total daily exercise and number of steps, was significantly decreased in RA patients with moderate and high disease activity. • When total daily steps were < 3,333 and < 2,468, the odds ratios for locomotive syndrome and frailty increased 14.4-fold and 8.7-fold, respectively.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Aged; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Exercise; Frailty; Humans; Prospective Studies; Wearable Electronic Devices
PubMed: 35359255
DOI: 10.1007/s10067-022-06147-6 -
Journal of Conservative Dentistry : JCD 2023This study aimed to evaluate the pH and calcium ions (Ca) release from two tricalcium silicate-based sealers (Sealer Plus BC and Bio-C Pulpecto) through roots of primary...
BACKGROUND
This study aimed to evaluate the pH and calcium ions (Ca) release from two tricalcium silicate-based sealers (Sealer Plus BC and Bio-C Pulpecto) through roots of primary teeth.
METHODS
Forty root canals of primary incisors were prepared and distributed into four groups according to the filling material: G (Sealer Plus BC); G (Bio-C Pulpecto); G (Ultracal); and G (no filled). pH measurement was performed with a digital pH meter, and the Ca+ release was measured in an atomic absorption spectrophotometer at baseline, 24 h and 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks later. The data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests.
RESULTS
The results did not reveal significant differences between the groups in terms of pH in 24 h, 1-, and 2-weeks' periods. After 4 weeks, there was a significant difference, with the highest mean pH values in G, followed, respectively, by G and G. Regarding the Ca+ release, the G showed greatest mean values at all evaluated times, and the other groups showed no difference between them.
CONCLUSION
Both sealers were able to promote the elevation of the pH and Ca+ release through roots of primary teeth, which brings favorable properties for their use as a filling material.
PubMed: 36908737
DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_355_21